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arXiv 2021年

作者： Li, Qiufu Shen, Linlin Guo, Sheng Lai, Zhihui Computer Vision Institute College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society Shenzhen518060 China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China MyBank Ant Group Hangzhou310012 China

Though widely used in image classification, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are prone to noise interruptions, i.e. the CNN output can be drastically changed by small image noise. To improve the noise robustness, we try to integrate CNNs with wavelet by replacing the common down-sampling (maxpooling, strided-convolution, and average pooling) with discrete wavelet transform (DWT). We firstly propose general DWT and inverse DWT (IDWT) layers applicable to various orthogonal and biorthogonal discrete wavelets like Haar, Daubechies, and Cohen, etc., and then design wavelet integrated CNNs (WaveCNets) by integrating DWT into the commonly used CNNs (VGG, ResNets, and DenseNet). During the down-sampling, WaveCNets apply DWT to decompose the feature maps into the low-frequency and high-frequency components. Containing the main information including the basic object structures, the low-frequency component is transmitted into the following layers to generate robust high-level features. The high-frequency components are dropped to remove most of the data noises. The experimental results show that WaveCNets achieve higher accuracy on ImageNet than various vanilla CNNs. We have also tested the performance of WaveCNets on the noisy version of ImageNet, ImageNet-C and six adversarial attacks, the results suggest that the proposed DWT/IDWT layers could provide better noise-robustness and adversarial robustness. When applying WaveCNets as backbones, the performance of object detectors (i.e., faster R-CNN and RetinaNet) on COCO detection dataset are consistently improved. We believe that suppression of aliasing effect, i.e. separation of low frequency and high frequency information, is the main advantages of our approach. The code of our DWT/IDWT layer and differentWaveCNets are available at https://***/CVISZU/ WaveCNet. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Signal sampling

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Optimisation of a siamese neural network for real-time energy efficient object tracking

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Przewlocka, Dominika Wasala, Mateusz Szolc, Hubert Blachut, Krzysztof Kryjak, Tomasz Embedded Vision Systems Group Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Automatic Control and Robotics AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland

In this paper the research on optimisation of visual object tracking using a Siamese neural network for embedded vision systems is presented. It was assumed that the solution shall operate in real-time, preferably for a high resolution video stream, with the lowest possible energy consumption. To meet these requirements, techniques such as the reduction of computational precision and pruning were considered. Brevitas, a tool dedicated for optimisation and quantisation of neural networks for FPGA implementation, was used. A number of training scenarios were tested with varying levels of optimisations - from integer uniform quantisation with 16 bits to ternary and binary networks. Next, the influence of these optimisations on the tracking performance was evaluated. It was possible to reduce the size of the convolutional filters up to 10 times in relation to the original network. The obtained results indicate that using quantisation can significantly reduce the memory and computational complexity of the proposed network while still enabling precise tracking, thus allow to use it in embedded vision systems. Moreover, quantisation of weights positively affects the network training by decreasing overfitting. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Optimisation of a siamese neural network for real-time energy efficient object tracking

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2020年

In this paper the research on optimisation of visual object tracking using a Siamese neural network for embedded vision systems is presented. It was assumed that the solution shall operate in real-time, preferably for a high resolution video stream, with the lowest possible energy consumption. To meet these requirements, techniques such as the reduction of computational precision and pruning were considered. Brevitas, a tool dedicated for optimisation and quantisation of neural networks for FPGA implementation, was used. A number of training scenarios were tested with varying levels of optimisations – from integer uniform quantisation with 16 bits to ternary and binary networks. Next, the influence of these optimisations on the tracking performance was evaluated. It was possible to reduce the size of the convolutional filters up to 10 times in relation to the original network. The obtained results indicate that using quantisation can significantly reduce the memory and computational complexity of the proposed network while still enabling precise tracking, thus allow to use it in embedded vision systems. Moreover, quantisation of weights positively affects the network training by decreasing overfitting. © 2020, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Continuous-time fitted value iteration for robust policies

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Lutter, Michael Belousov, Boris Mannor, Shie Fox, Dieter Garg, Animesh Peters, Jan Intelligent Autonomous Systems group Computer Science Department Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany Andrew and Erna Viterbi Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering Technion – Israel Institute of Technology and a Distinguished Scientist at NVIDIA Tel Aviv Israel Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering University of Washington and Senior Director of Robotics Research NVIDIA Washington Seattle United States Computer Science Department University of Toronto NVIDIA Toronto Canada

Solving the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation is important in many domains including control, robotics and economics. Especially for continuous control, solving this differential equation and its extension the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation, is important as it yields the optimal policy that achieves the maximum reward on a give task. In the case of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation, which includes an adversary controlling the environment and minimizing the reward, the obtained policy is also robust to perturbations of the dynamics. In this paper we propose continuous fitted value iteration (cFVI) and robust fitted value iteration (rFVI). These algorithms leverage the non-linear control-affine dynamics and separable state and action reward of many continuous control problems to derive the optimal policy and optimal adversary in closed form. This analytic expression simplifies the differential equations and enables us to solve for the optimal value function using value iteration for continuous actions and states as well as the adversarial case. Notably, the resulting algorithms do not require discretization of states or actions. We apply the resulting algorithms to the Furuta pendulum and cartpole. We show that both algorithms obtain the optimal policy. The robustness Sim2Real experiments on the physical systems show that the policies successfully achieve the task in the real-world. When changing the masses of the pendulum, we observe that robust value iteration is more robust compared to deep reinforcement learning algorithm and the non-robust version of the algorithm. Videos of the experiments are shown at https://***/view/rfvi Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamic programming

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A Facial Morphology-Guided Feature Selection Method For Spontaneous Expression Recognition

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Procedia computer science 2024年 246卷 3044-3053页

作者： Ones Sidhom Haythem Ghazouani Walid Barhoumi Abdellah Chehri Université de Tunis El Manar Institut Supérieur d’Informatique Research Team on Intelligent Systems in Imaging and Artificial Vision (SIIVA) LR16ES06 Laboratoire de recherche en Informatique Modélisation et Traitement de l’Information et de la Connaissance (LIMTIC) 2 Rue Abou Rayhane Bayrouni Ariana 2080 Tunisia Université de Carthage Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Carthage 45 Rue des Entrepreneurs Tunis-Carthage 2035 Tunisia Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Royal Military College of Canada Girouard Building Room 320

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is a crucial aspect in various domains, given its significance in understanding human emotions. However, designing efficient FER systems entails addressing challenges in feature extraction and selection. While previous studies have primarily focused on static feature selection methods, these approaches often struggle with spontaneous expressions due to the unique facial characteristics of each individual. To address this challenge, we implemented a Facial Morphology-Guided Feature Selection Method that combines texture features using Local Binary Pattern histograms and geometric features employing linear and eccentricity features. Subsequently, we employ Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) and Binarized Genetic Algorithm (BGA) algorithms for feature selection, combining their outputs to identify the optimal subset of features tailored for each face. Experimental validation using the CK+ and DISFA datasets demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach in enhancing facial expression recognition accuracy.

关键词： Facial expression recognition Feature extraction Feature selection Recursive feature elimination Binarized genetic algorithm Facial morphology-guided feature selection

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CertainOdom: Uncertainty Weighted Multi-task Learning Model for LiDAR Odometry Estimation

CertainOdom: Uncertainty Weighted Multi-task Learning Model ...

引用

IEEE International Conference on robotics and Biomimetics

作者： Leyuan Sun Guanqun Ding Yusuke Yoshiyasu Fumio Kanehiro Department of Intelligent and Mechanical Interaction Systems Graduate School of Science and Technology University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan CNRS-AIST Joint Robotics Laboratory (JRL) IRL National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST). Digital Architecture Research Center (DARC) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tokyo Japan Computer Vision Research Team Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665481106

As a basic and indispensable module, LiDAR odom-etry estimation is widely used in robotics. In recent years, learning-based modeling approaches for odometry estimation have been validated to be feasible. However, it is necessary to consider security factors as the highest priorities when we apply the learning-based model to certain high-risk real-world scenarios, such as autonomous driving. The odometry uncertainty estimation provides more valuable information for downstream tasks, such as route planning and navigation. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end neural network (namely CertainOdom) to solve odometry and uncertainty estimation tasks by applying multi-task learning. Instead of using the manually-tuned hyper-parameters, we employ the learnable uncertainties to weigh the balance between the error of translation and orientation in the loss function. We evaluate the estimated trajectory and uncertainty on KITTI dataset. We also compare the robustness against the traditional geometry-based methods on our artificially degraded KITTI LiDAR dataset. Extensive experimental results show that our model with uncertainty weighted loss achieves competitive performance in LiDAR odometry estimation. We also explain our uncertainties qualitatively and quantitatively.

关键词： Uncertainty Laser radar Biological system modeling Estimation Multitasking Robustness Trajectory

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Application of Graph-Curvature Features in Auxiliary Diagnosis for Histopathological Image Identification of Gastric Cancer

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： He, Ruilin Li, Chen Yang, Xinyi Yang, Jinzhu Jiang, Tao Grzegorzek, Marcin Sun, Hongzan Microscopic Image and Medical Image Analysis Group College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image Ministry of Education Northeastern University Liaoning Shenyang China School of Intelligent Medicine Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China International Joint Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu China Institute for Medical Informatics University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany Department of Knowledge Engineering University of Economics in Katowice Katowice Poland Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China School of Computer Science and Engineering

Background: Histopathology diagnosis is often regarded as the final diagnostic method for malignant tumors, but it has some drawbacks. This paper explores a computer-aided diagnostic method that can identify benign and malignant gastric cancer with histopathology images. Method: This article obtains the most suitable process through multiple experiments, compared multiple methods and features for classification. Firstly, the U-net is applied to segment the image. Next, the nucleus is extracted from the segmented image and the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) diagram structure is drawn. The third step is to extract the graph-curvature features of histopathology image according to the MST image. Finally, by inputting graph-curvature features into the classifier, the recognition results for benign or malignant can be obtained. Result: During the experiment, we use various methods for comparison. In the image segmentation stage, U-net, watershed algorithm and Otsu threshold segmentation methods are used respectively. Combined with multiple indicators, we find that the U-net method is the most suitable for segmentation of histopathology images. In the feature extraction stage, in addition to extracting graph-edge feature and graph-curvature feature, several basic image features are also extracted, including Red, Green, Blue feature, Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix feature, Histogram of Oriented Gradient feature, and Local Binary Pattern feature. In the classifier design stage, we experimented with various methods, such as Support vector machine (SVM), Random forest, Artificial Neural Network, K Nearest Neighbors, VGG-16 and Inception-V3. Through the comparison and analysis, the classification results with an accuracy of 98.57% can be obtained by inputting the graph-curvature feature into SVM classifier. Conclusion: This paper has created a unique feature, graph-curvature feature based on MST to represent and analyze histopathology images. This graph-based feature can be used

关键词： Local binary pattern

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Efficient MedSAMs: Segment Anything in Medical Images on Laptop

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Ma, Jun Li, Feifei Kim, Sumin Asakereh, Reza Le, Bao-Hiep Nguyen-Vu, Dang-Khoa Pfefferle, Alexander Wei, Muxin Gao, Ruochen Lyu, Donghang Yang, Songxiao Purucker, Lennart Marinov, Zdravko Staring, Marius Lu, Haisheng Dao, Thuy Thanh Ye, Xincheng Li, Zhi Brugnara, Gianluca Vollmuth, Philipp Foltyn-Dumitru, Martha Cho, Jaeyoung Mahmutoglu, Mustafa Ahmed Bendszus, Martin Pflüger, Irada Rastogi, Aditya Ni, Dong Yang, Xin Zhou, Guang-Quan Wang, Kaini Heller, Nicholas Papanikolopoulos, Nikolaos Weight, Christopher Tong, Yubing Udupa, Jayaram K. Patrick, Cahill J. Wang, Yaqi Zhang, Yifan Contijoch, Francisco McVeigh, Elliot Ye, Xin He, Shucheng Haase, Robert Pinetz, Thomas Radbruch, Alexander Krause, Inga Kobler, Erich He, Jian Tang, Yucheng Yang, Haichun Huo, Yuankai Luo, Gongning Kushibar, Kaisar Amankulov, Jandos Toleshbayev, Dias Mukhamejan, Amangeldi Egger, Jan Pepe, Antonio Gsaxner, Christina Luijten, Gijs Fujita, Shohei Kikuchi, Tomohiro Wiestler, Benedikt Kirschke, Jan S. de la Rosa, Ezequiel Bolelli, Federico Lumetti, Luca Grana, Costantino Xie, Kunpeng Wu, Guomin Puladi, Behrus Martín-Isla, Carlos Lekadir, Karim Campello, Victor M. Shao, Wei Brisbane, Wayne Jiang, Hongxu Wei, Hao Yuan, Wu Li, Shuangle Zhou, Yuyin Wang, Bo AI Collaborative Centre University Health Network Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Vector Institute Toronto Canada Peter Munk Cardiac Centre University Health Network Toronto Canada Toronto General Hospital Research Institute University Health Network Department of Computer Science University of Toronto University Health Network Vector Institute Toronto Canada University of Science Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Institute of Computer Science University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany School of Medicine and Health Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China Division of Image Processing Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands Department of System and Control Engineering School of Engineering Institute of Science Tokyo Formerly Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Queensland Brisbane Australia School of Cyberspace Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI The Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital Bonn Germany Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI The Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital Bonn Germany Department of Neuroradiology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital Bonn Germany School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China Department of Urology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland United States Department of Computer Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis United St

Promptable segmentation foundation models have emerged as a transformative approach to addressing the diverse needs in medical images, but most existing models require expensive computing, posing a big barrier to their adoption in clinical practice. In this work, we organized the first international competition dedicated to promptable medical image segmentation, featuring a large-scale dataset spanning nine common imaging modalities from over 20 different institutions. The top teams developed lightweight segmentation foundation models and implemented an efficient inference pipeline that substantially reduced computational requirements while maintaining state-of-the-art segmentation accuracy. Moreover, the post-challenge phase advanced the algorithms through the design of performance booster and reproducibility tasks, resulting in improved algorithms and validated reproducibility of the winning solution. Furthermore, the best-performing algorithms have been incorporated into the open-source software with a user-friendly interface to facilitate clinical adoption. The data and code are publicly available to foster the further development of medical image segmentation foundation models and pave the way for impactful real-world applications. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Open source software

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Placental Vessel Segmentation and Registration in Fetoscopy: Literature Review and MICCAI FetReg2021 Challenge Findings

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Bano, Sophia Casella, Alessandro Vasconcelos, Francisco Qayyum, Abdul Benzinou, Abdesslam Mazher, Moona Meriaudeau, Fabrice Lena, Chiara Cintorrino, Ilaria Anita De Paolis, Gaia Romana Biagioli, Jessica Grechishnikova, Daria Jiao, Jing Bai, Bizhe Qiao, Yanyan Bhattarai, Binod Gaire, Rebati Raman Subedi, Ronast Vazquez, Eduard Plotka, Szymon Lisowska, Aneta Sitek, Arkadiusz Attilakos, George Wimalasundera, Ruwan David, Anna L. Paladini, Dario Deprest, Jan De Momi, Elena Mattos, Leonardo S. Moccia, Sara Stoyanov, Danail Department of Computer Science University College London United Kingdom Department of Advanced Robotics Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Italy Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano Italy The BioRobotics Institute Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Italy Fetal Medicine Unit Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing University College London Hospital United Kingdom EGA Institute for Women's Health Faculty of Population Health Sciences University College London United Kingdom Department of Development and Regeneration University Hospital Leuven Belgium Department of Fetal and Perinatal Medicine Istituto Giannina Gaslini Italy ENIB UMR CNRS 6285 LabSTICC 29238 France Department of Computer Engineering and Mathematics University Rovira i Virgili Spain ImViA Laboratory University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté France Physics Department Lomonosov Moscow State University Russia Fudan University China Medical Computer Vision and Robotics Group Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences University of Toronto Canada Co. Ltd China NepAL Applied Mathematics and Informatics Institute for Research Nepal Redev Technology United Kingdom Sano Center for Computational Medicine Poland Quantitative Healthcare Analysis Group Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Center for Advanced Medical Computing and Simulation Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States

Fetoscopy laser photocoagulation is a widely adopted procedure for treating Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS). The procedure involves photocoagulation pathological anastomoses to restore a physiological blood exchange among twins. The procedure is particularly challenging, from the surgeon's side, due to the limited field of view, poor manoeuvrability of the fetoscope, poor visibility due to amniotic fluid turbidity, and variability in illumination. These challenges may lead to increased surgery time and incomplete ablation of pathological anastomoses, resulting in persistent TTTS. computer-assisted intervention (CAI) can provide TTTS surgeons with decision support and context awareness by identifying key structures in the scene and expanding the fetoscopic field of view through video mosaicking. Research in this domain has been hampered by the lack of high-quality data to design, develop and test CAI algorithms. Through the Fetoscopic Placental Vessel Segmentation and Registration (FetReg2021) challenge, which was organized as part of the MICCAI2021 Endoscopic vision (EndoVis) challenge, we released the first large-scale multi-center TTTS dataset for the development of generalized and robust semantic segmentation and video mosaicking algorithms with a focus on creating drift-free mosaics from long duration fetoscopy videos. For this challenge, we released a dataset of 2060 images, pixel-annotated for vessels, tool, fetus and background classes, from 18 in-vivo TTTS fetoscopy procedures and 18 short video clips of an average length of 411 frames for developing placental scene segmentation and frame registration for mosaicking techniques. Seven teams participated in this challenge and their model performance was assessed on an unseen test dataset of 658 pixel-annotated images from 6 fetoscopic procedures and 6 short clips. The challenge provided an opportunity for creating generalized solutions for fetoscopic scene understanding and mosaicking. In this paper,

关键词： Pixels

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Self-supervised linear motion deblurring

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Liu, Peidong Janai, Joel Pollefeys, Marc Sattler, Torsten Geiger, Andreas Computer Vision and Geometry Group Department of Computer Science ETH Zürich Switzerland Autonomous Vision Group Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Univeristy of Tübingen Tübingen Germany Microsoft Mixed Reality and Artificial Intelligence Lab Zürich Switzerland Computer Vision and Medical Image Analysis Group Chalmers University of Technology Sweden

Motion blurry images challenge many computer vision algorithms, e.g., feature detection, motion estimation, or object recognition. Deep convolutional neural networks are state-of-the-art for image deblurring. However, obtaining training data with corresponding sharp and blurry image pairs can be difficult. In this paper, we present a differentiable reblur model for self-supervised motion deblurring, which enables the network to learn from real-world blurry image sequences without relying on sharp images for supervision. Our key insight is that motion cues obtained from consecutive images yield sufficient information to inform the deblurring task. We therefore formulate deblurring as an inverse rendering problem, taking into account the physical image formation process: we first predict two deblurred images from which we estimate the corresponding optical flow. Using these predictions, we re-render the blurred images and minimize the difference with respect to the original blurry inputs. We use both synthetic and real dataset for experimental evaluations. Our experiments demonstrate that self-supervised single image deblurring is really feasible and leads to visually compelling results. Both the code and datasets are available at https://***/ethliup/SelfDeblur. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image enhancement

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