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2024 China Automation Congress, CAC 2024

作者： Zhang, Haozhe Ma, Liyan Ying, Shihui Institute of Artificial Intelligence Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China School of Computer Engineering and Science School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China Department of Mathematics School of Science Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368604

Traditional fully annotated closed set 3D object detection methods improve model performance but are impractical in real-world settings due to the emergence of new categories and the complexity of 3D annotations. Open-World Object Detection (OWOD) addresses these issues but relies heavily on manual labeling, which is costly. This paper focuses on open world active learning and proposes an entropy-guided reinforced open world active 3D object detection (EROA). EROA regards active learning as a reinforcement learning problem tailored for open driving scenarios. We use entropy as a reward metric for efficient reinforcement learning. We also leverage knowledge from the 2D domain using object-level large-scale vision-language models to enhance sample selection. Extensive experiments evidence that the proposed EROA meets the dynamic and cost-sensitive requirements of autonomous driving, enabling real-time detection of both known and unknown objects. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Active learning

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Gait Analysis and Control of Rimless Wheel Rovers for Planetary Exploration

Gait Analysis and Control of Rimless Wheel Rovers for Planet...

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Space robotics (iSpaRo), International Conference on

作者： Dennis Schlee Shubham Vyas Rauĺ Domínguez Frank Kirchner DFKI GmbH - Robotics Innovation Center Bremen Germany Intelligent Autonomous Systems Group Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany Department of Mathematics and Computer Science AG Robotics University of Bremen Bremen Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350367232

ISBN: (纸本)9798350367249

Rimless wheeled robots are a hybrid variant of traditionally wheeled and legged robots. These hybrid systems combine the benefits of both approaches, such as power efficiency and good terrain traversability. However, the simplicity of the design of the rimless wheel has the disadvantage of limiting the flexibility of foot placement and the impacts caused on the body when navigating rigid surfaces. In this work, we focus on analyzing the effects of different gaits on the robot’s center body. For that, a novel gait classification approach for a rimless wheeled system is introduced and the effects of selected gaits are evaluated in a simulation using a simplified robot model. The analysis of simulation results shows that the chosen gait has a strong effect on the vertical motion of the robot’s center body.

关键词： Legged locomotion Limiting Navigation Simulation Wheels Aerospace electronics Hybrid power systems

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Real-time FPGA implementation of the Semi-Global Matching stereo vision algorithm for a 4K/UHD video stream

TechRxiv

引用

TechRxiv 2023年

作者： Grabowski, Mariusz Kryjak, Tomasz Embedded Vision Systems Group Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Automatic Control and Robotics AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland

In this paper, we propose a real-time FPGA implementation of the Semi-Global Matching (SGM) stereo vision algorithm. The designed module supports a 4K/Ultra HD (3840×2160 pixels @ 30 frames per second) video stream in a 4 pixel per clock (ppc) format and a 64-pixel disparity range. The baseline SGM implementation had to be modified to process pixels in the 4ppc format and meet the timing constrains, however, our version provides results comparable to the original design. The solution has been positively evaluated on the Xilinx VC707 development board with a Virtex-7 FPGA device. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Sequential Transfer with Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm for Feature Selection of Small, High-Dimensional Datasets

Sequential Transfer with Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm f...

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Congress on Evolutionary Computation

作者： Parth C. Upadhyay G. N. DeSouza John A. Lory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) Vision-Guided and Intelligent Robotics (ViGIR) Laboratory Division of Plant Sciences University of Missouri Columbia MO

ISBN: (数字)9798350308365

ISBN: (纸本)9798350308372

Performing feature selection on a small number of instances with high-dimensional datasets poses a needed challenge in preventing over-fitting. To address this issue, this paper proposes a sequential transfer-learning approach combined with a multi-objective genetic algorithm (STMO-GA) for feature selection. Firstly, for the multi-objective component of our method, we employ a Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) to generate a Pareto front. Then, features are ranked based on their number of appearances in the same Pareto front. Next, during the sequential knowledge transfer process, the ranked features are iteratively selected until a predetermined $n$ number of features remains. This feature subspace is further refined by a k-fold cross-validation operation, starting from the rank-one feature, to determine the cut-off of the $n$ features that will remain. Comparative evaluations against both GA-based as well as traditional feature selection methods demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior classification accuracy, while retaining the smallest number or a comparable number of features.

关键词： Accuracy Evolutionary computation Feature extraction Genetics Linear programming Robustness Optimization

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Real-time FPGA implementation of the Semi-Global Matching stereo vision algorithm for a 4K/UHD video stream

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Grabowski, Mariusz Kryjak, Tomasz Embedded Vision Systems Group Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Automatic Control and Robotics Agh University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland

In this paper, we propose a real-time FPGA implementation of the Semi-Global Matching (SGM) stereo vision algorithm. The designed module supports a 4K/Ultra HD (3840 ×2160 pixels @ 30 frames per second) video stream in a 4 pixel per clock (ppc) format and a 64-pixel disparity range. The baseline SGM implementation had to be modified to process pixels in the 4ppc format and meet the timing constrains, however, our version provides results comparable to the original design. The solution has been positively evaluated on the Xilinx VC707 development board with a Virtex-7 FPGA device. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Long-Term Invariant Local Features via Implicit Cross-Domain Correspondences

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Pataki, Zador Altillawi, Mohammad Kanakis, Menelaos Pautrat, Rémi Shen, Fengyi Liu, Ziyuan Van Gool, Luc Pollefeys, Marc The Computer Vision and Geometry Lab Department of Computer Science ETH Zurich Switzerland The Computer Vision Center CVC-Barcelona The Intelligent Robotics Cloud Technology lab of Huawei-Munich Germany The Computer Vision Lab Department Electrical Engineering ETH Zurich Switzerland The Intelligent Robotics Cloud Technology lab of Huawei-Munich Germany The Intelligent Robotics Cloud Technology lab of Huawei-Munich Germany The Center for Processing Speech and Images KU Leuven The Computer Vision Lab ETH Zurich Switzerland

Modern learning-based visual feature extraction networks perform well in intra-domain localization, however, their performance significantly declines when image pairs are captured across long-term visual domain variations, such as different seasonal and daytime variations. In this paper, our first contribution is a benchmark to investigate the performance impact of long-term variations on visual localization. We conduct a thorough analysis of the performance of current state-of-the-art feature extraction networks under various domain changes and find a significant performance gap between intra- and cross-domain localization. We investigate different methods to close this gap by improving the supervision of modern feature extractor networks. We propose a novel data-centric method, Implicit Cross-Domain Correspondences (iCDC). iCDC represents the same environment with multiple Neural Radiance Fields, each fitting the scene under individual visual domains. It utilizes the underlying 3D representations to generate accurate correspondences across different long-term visual conditions. Our proposed method enhances cross-domain localization performance, significantly reducing the performance gap. When evaluated on popular long-term localization benchmarks, our trained networks consistently outperform existing methods. This work serves as a substantial stride toward more robust visual localization pipelines for long-term deployments, and opens up research avenues in the development of long-term invariant descriptors. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Start State Selection for Control Policy Learning from Optimal Trajectories

Start State Selection for Control Policy Learning from Optim...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Christoph Zelch Jan Peters Oskar von Stryk Department of Computer Science TU Darmstadt Simulation Systems Optimization and Robotics Group Darmstadt Germany Department of Computer Science Intelligent Autonomous Systems Group TU Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany

Combination of optimal control methods and machine learning approaches allows to profit from complementary benefits of each field in control of robotic systems. Data from optimal trajectories provides valuable information that can be used to learn a near-optimal state-dependent feedback control policy. To obtain high-quality learning data, careful selection of optimal trajectories, determined by a set of start states, is essential to achieve a good learning performance. In this paper, we extend previous work with new comple-menting strategies to generate start points. These methods complement the existing approach, as they introduce new criteria to identify relevant regions in joint state space that need coverage by new trajectories. It is demonstrated that the extensions significantly improve the overall performance of the previous method in simulation on full nonlinear dynamics model of the industrial Manutec r3 robot arm. Further, it is demonstrated that it suffices to learn a policy that reaches the proximity of the goal state, from where a PI controller can be used for stable control reaching the final system state.

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Source Camera Device Identification from Videos

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SN computer science 2022年第4期3卷 316页

作者： Bennabhaktula, Guru Swaroop Timmerman, Derrick Alegre, Enrique Azzopardi, George Information Systems Group at the Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands Group for Vision and Intelligent Systems at the Department of Electrical Systems and Automation University of León León Spain Researcher at INCIBE (Spanish National Cybersecurity Institute) León Spain

Source camera identification is an important and challenging problem in digital image forensics. The clues of the device used to capture the digital media are very useful for Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs), especially to help them collect more intelligence in digital forensics. In our work, we focus on identifying the source camera device based on digital videos using deep learning methods. In particular, we evaluate deep learning models with increasing levels of complexity for source camera identification and show that with such sophistication the scene-suppression techniques do not aid in model performance. In addition, we mention several common machine learning strategies that are counter-productive in achieving a high accuracy for camera identification. We conduct systematic experiments using 28 devices from the vision data set and evaluate the model performance on various video scenarios—flat (i.e., homogeneous), indoor, and outdoor and evaluate the impact on classification accuracy when the videos are shared via social media platforms such as YouTube and WhatsApp. Unlike traditional PRNU-noise (Photo Response Non-Uniform)-based methods which require flat frames to estimate camera reference pattern noise, the proposed method has no such constraint and we achieve an accuracy of 72.75 ± 1.1 % on the benchmark vision data set. Furthermore, we also achieve state-of-the-art accuracy of 71.75 % on the QUFVD data set in identifying 20 camera devices. These two results are the best ever reported on the vision and QUFVD data sets. Finally, we demonstrate the runtime efficiency of the proposed approach and its advantages to LEAs. © 2022, The Author(s).

关键词： Constrained ConvNet Digital video forensics Sensor pattern noise Source camera identification

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Clustering of Motion Trajectories by a Distance Measure Based on Semantic Features

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zelch, Christoph Peters, Jan von Stryk, Oskar Simulation Systems Optimization and Robotics Group Department of Computer Science TU Darmstadt Hochschulstr. 10 Darmstadt64289 Germany Intelligent Autonomous Systems Group Department of Computer Science TU Darmstadt Hochschulstr. 10 Darmstadt64289 Germany

Clustering of motion trajectories is highly relevant for human-robot interactions as it allows the anticipation of human motions, fast reaction to those, as well as the recognition of explicit gestures. Further, it allows automated analysis of recorded motion data. Many clustering algorithms for trajectories build upon distance metrics that are based on pointwise Euclidean distances. However, our work indicates that focusing on salient characteristics is often sufficient. We present a novel distance measure for motion plans consisting of state and control trajectories that is based on a compressed representation built from their main features. This approach allows a flexible choice of feature classes relevant to the respective task. The distance measure is used in agglomerative hierarchical clustering. We compare our method with the widely used dynamic time warping algorithm on test sets of motion plans for the Furuta pendulum and the Manutec robot arm and on real-world data from a human motion dataset. The proposed method demonstrates slight advantages in clustering and strong advantages in runtime, especially for long trajectories. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Clustering algorithms

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Cognitive Approach to Hierarchical Task Selection for Human-Robot Interaction in Dynamic Environments

Cognitive Approach to Hierarchical Task Selection for Human-...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： Syed Tanweer Shah Bukhari Bashira Akter Anima David Feil-Seifer Wajahat Mahmood Qazi Cognitive Robotics Group Faculty of IT and CS University of Central Punjab Lahore Pakistan Department of Computer Science Intelligent Machines & Robotics Group COMSATS University Islamabad Pakistan Department of Computer Science & Engineering Socially Assistive Robotics Group University of Nevada Reno Reno NV USA

In an efficient and flexible human-robot collaborative work environment, a robot team member must be able to recognize both explicit requests and implied actions from human users. Identifying “what to do” in such cases requires an agent to have the ability to construct associations between objects, their actions, and the effect of actions on the environment. In this regard, semantic memory is being introduced to understand the explicit cues and their relationships with available objects and required skills to make “tea” and “sandwich”. We have extended our previous hierarchical robot control architecture to add the capability to execute the most appropriate task based on both feedback from the user and the environmental context. To validate this system, two types of skills were implemented in the hierarchical task tree: 1) Tea making skills and 2) Sandwich making skills. During the conversation between the robot and the human, the robot was able to determine the hidden context using ontology and began to act accordingly. For instance, if the person says “I am thirsty” or “It is cold outside” the robot will start to perform the tea-making skill. In contrast, if the person says, “I am hungry” or “I need something to eat”, the robot will make the sandwich. A humanoid robot Baxter was used for this experiment. We tested three scenarios with objects at different positions on the table for each skill. We observed that in all cases, the robot used only objects that were relevant to the skill.

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