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Discovery of small-molecule activators of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase(NAMPT)and their preclinical neuroprotective activity

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细胞研究（英文版） 2022年第6期32卷 570-584页

作者： Hong Yao Minghui Liu Leibo Wang Yumeng Zu Chou Wu Chenyu Li Ruoxi Zhang Haigen Lu Feifei Li Shuang Xi Shuangquan Chen Xuanyu Gu Tianya Liu Jie Cai Shirong Wang Maojun Yang Guo-Gang Xing Wei Xiong Lan Hua Yefeng Tang Gelin Wang School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural BiologyMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural BiologyMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural BiologyMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural BiologySchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Neuroscience Research Institute Peking UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and System Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina School of Life Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina GHDDI BeijingChina

The decline of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD)occurs in a variety of human pathologies including ***-boosting agents can provide neuroprotective ***,we report the discovery and development of a class of potent activators(NATs)of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase(NAMPT),the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD salvage *** obtained the crystal structure of NAMPT in complex with the NAT,which defined the allosteric action of NAT near the enzyme active *** optimization of NAT further revealed the critical role of K189 residue in boosting NAMPT *** effectively increased intracellular levels of NAD and induced subsequent metabolic and transcriptional ***,NATs exhibited strong neuroprotective efficacy in a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy(CIPN)without any overt *** findings demonstrate the potential of NATs in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases or conditions associated with NAD level decline.

关键词： Neural stem cells X-ray crystallography

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Brillouin Frequency Shift Extraction by Bidirectional Integration of Brillouin Gain Spectrum

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Shuangshuang Zhang, Jianzhong Ma, Zhe Liang, Zefeng Han, Jinfeng Xu, Jinglang Zhang, Mingjiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering Taiyuan University ofTechnology Taiyuan030024 China College of Physics Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and ChemicalEngineering Taiyuan030024 China

A novel Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) extraction approach based on bidirectional integration is proposed and investigated for mitigating the fluctuations in Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer (BOTDR) system. The proposed method involves calculating the BFS through the forward and backward integrations of the original Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) data. The findings from both simulations and experiments demonstrate that bidirectional integration achieves superior BFS accuracy compared to Lorentzian curve fitting. To further evaluate its performance, the root mean square error of BFS is measured under the different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and frequency steps and the results show that bidirectional integration has higher tolerance for low SNR. Specifically, bidirectional integration achieves a BFS accuracy of 0.853 MHz under SNR of 5.22 dB and significantly reduces the measurement time by 85.86%. Additionally, the introduced coefficient k characterizes the influence on the BGS compression, with bidirectional integration exhibiting a narrower full width at half maximum of BGS (52.74 MHz) compared to Lorentzian curve fitting (67.45 MHz). © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Extraction

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Initialization is Critical to Whether Transformers Fit Composite Functions by Reasoning or Memorizing

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Zhongwang Lin, Pengxiao Wang, Zhiwei Zhang, Yaoyu Xu, Zhi-Qin John Institute of Natural Sciences MOE-LSC Shanghai Jiao Tong University China School of Mathematical Sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Key Laboratory of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System Ministry of Education China Shanghai Seres Information Technology Co. Ltd Shanghai China Center for LLM Institute for Advanced Algorithms Research Shanghai China

Transformers have shown impressive capabilities across various tasks, but their performance on compositional problems remains a topic of debate. In this work, we investigate the mechanisms of how transformers behave on unseen compositional tasks. We discover that the parameter initialization scale plays a critical role in determining whether the model learns inferential (reasoning-based) solutions, which capture the underlying compositional primitives, or symmetric (memory-based) solutions, which simply memorize mappings without understanding the compositional structure. By analyzing the information flow and vector representations within the model, we reveal the distinct mechanisms underlying these solution types. We further find that inferential (reasoning-based) solutions exhibit low complexity bias, which we hypothesize is a key factor enabling them to learn individual mappings for single anchors. We validate our conclusions on various real-world datasets. Our findings provide valuable insights into the role of initialization scale in tuning the reasoning and memorizing ability and we propose the initialization rate γ to be a convenient tunable hyper-parameter in common deep learning frameworks, where 1/dγin is the standard deviation of parameters of the layer with din Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mapping

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StyleGene: Crossover and Mutation of Region-level Facial Genes for Kinship Face Synthesis

StyleGene: Crossover and Mutation of Region-level Facial Gen...

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Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： Hao Li Xianxu Hou Zepeng Huang Linlin Shen Computer Vision Institute College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University School of AI and Advanced Computing Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen University

High-fidelity kinship face synthesis has many potential applications, such as kinship verification, missing child identification, and social media analysis. However, it is challenging to synthesize high-quality descendant faces with genetic relations due to the lack of large-scale, high-quality annotated kinship data. This paper proposes RFG (Region-level Facial Gene) extraction framework to address this issue. We propose to use IGE (Image-based Gene Encoder), LGE (Latent-based Gene Encoder) and Gene Decoder to learn the RFGs of a given face image, and the relationships between RFGs and the latent space of Style-GAN2. As cycle-like losses are designed to measure the $\mathcal{L}_{2}$ distances between the output of Gene Decoder and image encoder, and that between the output of LGE and IGE, only face images are required to train our framework, i.e. no paired kinship face data is required. Based upon the proposed RFGs, a crossover and mutation module is further designed to inherit the facial parts of parents. A Gene Pool has also been used to introduce the variations into the mutation of RFGs. The diversity of the faces of descendants can thus be significantly increased. Qualitative, quantitative, and subjective experiments on FIW, TSKinFace, and FF-Databases clearly show that the quality and diversity of kinship faces generated by our approach are much better than the existing state-of-the-art methods.

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A Robust Multi-AGV Cooperative Path Planning Method Considering Spatiotemporal Distance

A Robust Multi-AGV Cooperative Path Planning Method Consider...

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Computer Engineering and intelligent Control (ICCEIC) International Conference on

作者： Maolin Chen Songhang Chen Mingchang Lian School of Advanced Manufacturing Fuzhou University Quanzhou China Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Identification and Control of Complex Dynamic System Quanzhou China Fujian College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou China Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou China

ISBN: (数字)9798331507992

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508005

With the widespread application of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) in warehousing and logistics systems, the optimization of multi-AGV path planning has become a critical issue. Current methods primarily focus on minimizing operating time and energy consumption but often overlook spatiotemporal distances between paths, leading to frequent path conflicts and interferences in the system. This paper proposes a neural network based time window estimation model, designed to generate time windows that better align with dynamic environments. Based on this model, we introduce a collaborative multi-AGV path planning method that optimizes spatiotemporal distances between paths. Compared to the Conflict-Based Search (CBS) method, this approach significantly improves the spatiotemporal distance between AGVs during task execution, enhancing the robustness of AGV clusters while only marginally increasing time costs.

关键词： Energy consumption Costs Remotely guided vehicles Neural networks Warehousing Estimation Collaboration Path planning Spatiotemporal phenomena Vehicle dynamics

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Chirality tuning and reversing with resonant phase-change metasurfaces

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Sha, Xinbo Du, Kang Zeng, Yixuan Lai, Fangxing Yin, Jun Zhang, Hanxu Song, Bo Han, Jiecai Xiao, Shumin Kivshar, Yuri Song, Qinghai Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518055 China Pengcheng Laboratory Shenzhen518055 China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China Nonlinear Physics Center Research School of Physics Australian National University CanberraACT2601 Australia Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Shanxi Taiyuan030006 China

Dynamic control of circular dichroism in photonic structures is critically important for compact spectrometers, stereoscopic displays, and information processing exploiting multiple degrees of freedom. Metasurfaces can help miniaturize chiral devices but only produce static and limited chiral responses. While external stimuli are able to tune resonances, their modulations are often weak, and reversing continuously the sign of circular dichroism is extremely challenging. Here, we demonstrate dynamically tunable chiral response of resonant metasurfaces supporting chiral bound states in the continuum combining them with phase-change materials. Phase transition between amorphous and crystalline phases allows to control chiral response and vary chirality rapidly from −0.947 to +0.958 backward and forward via chirality continuum. Our demonstrations underpin the rapid development of chiral photonics and its applications. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Chirality

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Physical-layer key distribution using synchronous complex dynamics of DBR semiconductor lasers

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wang, Anbang Du, Yicheng Li, Qingtian Wang, Longsheng Jia, Zhiwei Qin, Yuwen Wang, Yuncai Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou51006 China Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication Ministry of Education of China Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou51006 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou51006 China Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System Ministry of Education Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China College of Optoelectronics Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China

Common-signal-induced synchronization of semiconductor lasers with optical feedback inspired a promising physical key distribution with information-theoretic security and potential in high rate. A significant challenge is the requirement to shorten the synchronization recovery time for increasing key rate without sacrificing operation parameter space for security. Here, open-loop synchronization of wavelength-tunable multi-section distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers is proposed as a solution for physical-layer key distribution. Experiments show that the synchronization is sensitive to two operation parameters, i.e., currents of grating section and phase section. Furthermore, fast wavelength-shift keying synchronization can be achieved by direct modulation on one of the two currents. The synchronization recovery time is shortened by one order of magnitude compared to close-loop synchronization. An experimental implementation is demonstrated with a final key rate of 5.98 Mbit/s over 160 km optical fiber distance. It is thus believed that fast-tunable multi-section semiconductor lasers opens a new avenue of high-rate physical-layer key distribution using laser synchronization. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Synchronization

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Research on intelligent Temperature Control Method of Closed-Loop Cooling system Based on Deep Q-Network

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Liu, Yongchao Wang, Bo Zheng, Wei Wang, Zibo Li, Tong Cheng, Jiahao Niu, Zhenfeng Ke, Zhiwu Tan, Sichao Li, Jiangkuan Gao, Puzhen Tian, Ruifeng Zhu, Qidan Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power System & Equipment Harbin Engineering University Harbin150001 China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Safety and Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin Engineering University Harbin150001 China Science and Technology Thermal Energy and Power Laboratory Wuhan430205 China Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute Wuhan430205 China College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin150001 China

As one of the most important subsystem types in the nuclear power system, the closed-loop cooling system is used for the heat transfer of the system. The control quality of its operating temperature is important for the safe operation of the entire nuclear power system. This paper proposes an intelligent temperature control method based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). First, the closed-loop cooling system simulator is built and expanded to provide an experimental platform for the implementation of DRL. Secondly, a DRL interaction system is designed based on prior knowledge such as system thermal control characteristics and temperature control targets. Finally, the improved deep Q-network (DQN) algorithm is used to train the deep neural network agent, and the optimal temperature control strategy is approached and saved through self-learning interaction. The experimental results demonstrate that the DRL controller can realize automatic control operation and has good target tracking ability and robustness. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Super-bunching light with giant high-order correlations and extreme multi-photon events

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Qin, Chengbing Li, Yuanyuan Yan, Yu Li, Jiamin Li, Xiangdong Song, Yunrui Zhang, Xuedong Han, Shuangping Liu, Zihua Guo, Yanqiang Zhang, Guofeng Chen, Ruiyun Hu, Jianyong Yang, Zhichun Liu, Xinhui Xiao, Liantuan Jia, Suotang State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices Institute of Laser Spectroscopy Shanxi University Shanxi Taiyuan030006 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Shanxi Taiyuan030006 China Department of Physics and Optoelectronics Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education Taiyuan University of Technology Shanxi Taiyuan030024 China

Non-classical light sources emitting bundles of N-photons have essential applications ranging from fundamental tests to quantum information processing. However, high-order correlations, g(N)(0) (N≥2), are still limited to hundreds. Herein, we report the realizaiton of a super-bunching laser in a photonic crystal fiber with g(2)(0) reaching 5.86×104 and g(5)(0) reaching 2.72×108. This laser presented extreme photon-number fluctuations and ubiquitous multi-photon events, with the occurrence of 31 photons from a single light pulse at a mean of 1.99×10-4 photons per pulse. The probability of this extreme event has been enhanced 10139 times compared to a coherent laser with a Poissonian distribution. By varying the power of the pumping laser, both the photon number distributions and the corresponding high-order correlations could be substantially tailored from Poissonian to super-bunching distributions. Our study showcases the ability to achieve non-classical laser with giant high-order correlations and extreme photon-number fluctuations, paving the way for high-order correlation imaging, extreme nonlinear optical effects, hyperspectral image and multi-photon physics. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Photonic crystal fibers

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Bionic Geomagnetic Navigation for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle with Temporal Attention-based Data-Driven Dead Reckoning

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2023年

作者： Yang, Songnan Zhang, Xiaohui Liu, Ding Bai, Wenqi Liu, Fan The School of Automation and Information Engineering Xi’an University of Technology Shaanxi 710048 China The Institute of Advanced Navigation and Electromagnetics Xi’an University of Technology Shaanxi 710048 China The State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in the Northwest Arid Region of China Xi’an University of Technology Shaanxi 710048 China The Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control with the Intelligent Information Processing Xi’an University of Technology Shaanxi 710048 China

Numerous studies have demonstrated that numerous animal species are capable of goal-directed navigation using environmental information for dead reckoning. The stable magnetic field of the earth provides important information for the migration of animals over long distances. Inspired by the goal-directed navigation of animals, a novel Geomagnetic Navigation with Temporal Attention-based Data-Driven Dead Reckoning (Attention-DR) method for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) is presented in this article, which only utilizes the inclination angle (I) and the declination angle (D) of the Geomagnetic Field (GF) for underwater navigation without any prior knowledge of the geographical location or geographic map. This article proposes a Temporal Attention-based Long Short-Term Memory (TA-LSTM) neural network by combining history, GF information, and location in time series to achieve the optimization heading angle of underwater dead reckoning. Due to its ability to adjust the utilization weights of local and global temporal information in the path, TA-LSTM possesses the capability to continually update neural network model parameters through a data-driven process during the navigation process. This enables the Attention-DR to achieve efficient navigation in regions without prior magnetic maps and overcome navigation failures caused by magnetic field anomalies. The simulation outcomes confirm the efficiency, precision, and practicability of the proposed algorithm. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Navigation

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