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检索条件"机构=Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory"

共 96 条记录，以下是61-70 订阅

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Formalizing Institutions as Executable Petri Nets for Distributed Robotic systems 11

Formalizing Institutions as Executable Petri Nets for Distri...

引用

11th European Conference on Artificial Life, ECAL 2011

作者： Pereira, José N. Silva, Porfírio Lima, Pedro U. Martinoli, Alcherio Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory EPFL Lausanne Switzerland Intelligent Robots and Systems Group Institute for Systems and Robotics Lisbon Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9780262297141

Institutional Robotics is a new approach to the coordination of distributed robotic systems, drawing inspiration from social sciences. It aims to provide a comprehensive strategy for specifying social interactions among robots in the form of institutions. In this paper, we present a formalism for institutions in the Institutional Robotics model. We apply this formalism to two case studies. The first is concerned with a swarm of simple robots which has to maintain wireless connectivity. The second focuses on role allocation in a robotic team aimed at improving coordination and performance in a transportation task. © 2011 ECAL 2011: The 11th European Conference on Artificial Life. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robotics

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Measuring sensible heat flux with high spatial density

Measuring sensible heat flux with high spatial density

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IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium, SAS

作者： Alexander Bahr Chris Evans Alcherio Martinoli Hendrik Huwald Chad Higgins Marc Parlange Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Environmental Fluid Mechanics and Hydrology School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

Sensible heat flux is an essential quantity in the surface energy budget. Information about it is crucial for the derivation of models of air-surface interaction which in turn are needed for larger scale climate models. Sensible heat flux varies greatly across short distances and thus many sensors are required in order to obtain measurements of sufficient spatial density. The standard measurement method however requires expensive equipment which constrains the deployment of a large number of sensors. Our work implements a method relying only on the variance of the measured temperature to compute the sensible heat flux. We first verify the validity of this method and then modify Sensorscope, a commercially available weather station, to capture the required data. The resulting setup is able to provide sensible heat flux measurements with high spatial density in near real time at negligible additional cost.

关键词： Temperature sensors Temperature measurement Heating Microcontrollers Fluid flow measurement Frequency measurement

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Modeling and benchmarking Ultra-Wideband localization for mobile robots

Modeling and benchmarking Ultra-Wideband localization for mo...

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IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Wireless Broadband (ICUWB)

作者： Alexander Bahr Alexander Feldman James Colli-Vignarellii Stephan Robert Catherine Dehollaini Alcherio Martinoli Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) Switzerland Institute for Information and Communication Technologies Haute Ecole d'Ingenierie et de Gestion du Canton de Vaud (HEIG-VD) Switzerland Institute for Information and Communication Technologies Haute Ecole d'Ingénierie et de Gestion du Canton de Vaud (HEIG-VD) Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Lausanne VD CH

Ultra-Wideband Impulse Radio (UWB-IR) is a technology that has great potential to solve numerous mobile robotic and asset tracking problems in GPS-denied environments. Our goal is to help software and hardware designers in improving the state-of-the-art in UWB-based robotic localization. We developed a test-bed where an UWB transmitter is attached to a mobile robot. By combining the received signals with the robot's position log acquired through the dead-reckoning sensors, we obtain UWB signals which are well referenced with respect to the transmitter-receiver distance and orientation. In addition, we provide a model for every component of the setup. The entire setup allows us to simulate from first principles every aspect of an UWB localization system and then to implement low-level signal processing as well as higher-level modulation and localization techniques. We implement an Automatic Gain Control (AGC) algorithm to demonstrate the rapid proto-typing capabilities of the test-bed. Our work shows how an UWB robotic system and its models can be involved in all phases of the development of a technology that can help robot's navigation, localization and communication algorithms.

关键词： Receivers Numerical models Gain control Mathematical model Transmitters Mobile robots

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Two-phase online calibration for infrared-based inter-robot positioning modules

Two-phase online calibration for infrared-based inter-robot ...

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2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on intelligent Robots and systems

作者： Sven Gowal Amanda Prorok Alcherio Martinoli Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland

Multi-robot systems can solve complex tasks that require the coordination of the team-member positions with respect to each other. While the development of ad-hoc relative positioning platforms embedding cheap off-the-shelf components is a practical choice, it leads not only to differences between the platforms themselves, but also to a high sensitivity to external factors. In this paper, we present a novel lightweight online calibration method composed of two phases, capable of running on miniature robots with limited computational capabilities. Furthermore, by exploiting a Gaussian process regression in its second phase, the proposed calibration approach is able to capture deviations from an assumed underlying physical model. We compare the performance of our approach with the theoretical Cramér-Rao lower bound and test its efficiency on real robots equipped with range and bearing modules.

关键词： Calibration Receivers Mathematical model Robot sensing systems Least squares approximation Ground penetrating radar

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A reciprocal sampling algorithm for lightweight distributed multi-robot localization

A reciprocal sampling algorithm for lightweight distributed ...

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2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on intelligent Robots and systems

作者： Amanda Prorok Alcherio Martinoli Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland

This work is situated in the context of collaboratively solving the localization problem for unknown initial conditions. We address this problem with a novel, fully decentralized, real-time particle filter algorithm, designed to accommodate realistic robotic assumptions including noisy sensors, and asynchronous and lossy communication. In particular, we introduce a collaborative reciprocal sampling algorithm which allows a drastic reduction in the number of particles needed to achieve localization. We elaborate an analysis of our reciprocal sampling method and support our conclusions with simulation results. Finally, we validate our approach on a team of four real robots within a controlled experimental setup.

关键词： Robot kinematics Manganese Robot sensing systems Mathematical model Collaboration Equations

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Bayesian rendezvous for distributed robotic systems

Bayesian rendezvous for distributed robotic systems

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2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on intelligent Robots and systems

作者： Sven Gowal Alcherio Martinoli Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland

In this paper, we state, using thorough mathematical analysis, sufficient conditions to perform a rendezvous maneuver with a group of differential-wheeled robots endowed with an on-board, noisy, local positioning system. In particular, we extend the existing framework of noise-free, graph-based distributed control with a layer of Bayesian reasoning allowing to solve the rendezvous problem more efficiently in presence of uncertainties and in a probabilistically sound way. Finally we perform extensive experiments with a team of four real robots, and simulation with their corresponding simulated counterpart, to confirm the benefits of our Bayesian approach.

关键词： Nickel Equations Robot sensing systems Noise Noise measurement Mathematical model

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A trajectory-based calibration method for stochastic motion models

A trajectory-based calibration method for stochastic motion ...

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2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on intelligent Robots and systems

作者： Ezequiel Di Mario Grégory Mermoud Massimo Mastrangeli Alcherio Martinoli Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory (DISAL) School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland

In this paper, we present a quantitative, trajectory-based method for calibrating stochastic motion models of water-floating robots. Our calibration method is based on the Correlated Random Walk (CRW) model, and consists in minimizing the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) distance between the step length and step angle distributions of real and simulated trajectories generated by the robots. First, we validate this method by calibrating a physics-based motion model of a single 3-cm-sized robot floating at a water/air interface under fluidic agitation. Second, we extend the focus of our work to multi-robot systems by performing a sensitivity analysis of our stochastic motion model in the context of Self-Assembly (SA). In particular, we compare in simulation the effect of perturbing the calibrated parameters on the predicted distributions of self-assembled structures. More generally, we show that the SA of water-floating robots is very sensitive to even small variations of the underlying physical parameters, thus requiring real-time tracking of its dynamics.

关键词： Trajectory Drag Force Robots Stochastic processes Calibration Manganese

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Toward the Deployment of an Ultra-Wideband Localization Test Bed

Toward the Deployment of an Ultra-Wideband Localization Test...

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IEEE 74th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC)

作者： Feldman, Alexander Bahr, Alexander Colli-Vignarelli, James Robert, Stephan Dehollain, Catherine Martinoli, Alcherio Institute for Information and Communication Technologies Haute Ecole d'Ingénierie et de Gestion du Canton de Vaud (HEIG-VD) Switzerland Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Switzerland Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Group Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781424483273

The design, development, and deployment of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) localization systems involves digital and Radio-Frequency (RF) hardware, embedded software, localization algorithms, security and reliability aspects, electromagnetics, and others. Design and integration decisions affect the performance of an UWB system, in particular the most important metrics: localization accuracy and position update rate. To facilitate further development of UWB localization systems and to analyze some of the major trade-offs we share our experience in deploying the EPFL UWB-Lite test bed (U-LITE). We describe an approach to numerical simulation modeling that can help in the design and evaluation of UWB localization systems. To validate our approach we show experimental results with one transmitter and one receiver. Our UWB test bed includes a mobile robot platform, so we can study and evaluate the UWB performance trade-offs in real-world conditions.

关键词： Accuracy Demodulation Radio frequency Radio transmitters Receivers Robots electromagnetic waves electromagnetics embedded software embedded systems localization algorithms position update rate radiofrequency hardware real world conditions ultra wideband c

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Accommodation of NLOS for ultra-wideband TDOA localization in single- and multi-robot systems

Accommodation of NLOS for ultra-wideband TDOA localization i...

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International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)

作者： Amanda Prorok Phillip Tomé Alcherio Martinoli Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland Electronics and Signal Processing Laboratory School of Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland

Ultra-wideband (UWB) localization is one of the most promising indoor localization methods. Yet, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) positioning scenarios can potentially cause significant localization errors and remain a challenge. In this work, we propose a novel, probabilistic UWB TDOA error model which explicitly takes into account NLOS. In order to validate our approach systematically in a real world setup, we leverage the utility of a group of mobile robots, and introduce our error model into a real-time localization framework run onboard the robots. We subsequently extend our framework by employing a collaborative localization strategy which enables the sharing of inter-robot, relative position observations. Our experimental results show how the novel TDOA error model is able to improve localization performance when information on the LOS/NLOS path condition is available. These results are complemented by additional experiments which show how a collaborative team of robots is able to significantly improve localization performance when no information on the LOS/NLOS path condition is available.

关键词： Robot kinematics Mathematical model Robot sensing systems Measurement uncertainty Atmospheric measurements Particle measurements

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Toward the Deployment of an Ultra-Wideband Localization Test Bed

Toward the Deployment of an Ultra-Wideband Localization Test...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicular Technology (VTC)

作者： Alexander Feldman Alexander Bahr James Colli-Vignarelli Stephan Robert Catherine Dehollain Alcherio Martinoli Institute for Information and Communication Technologies Haute Ecole dIngénierie et de Gestion du Canton de Vaud (HEIG-VD) China Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Switzerland Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Group Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Switzerland

The design, development, and deployment of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) localization systems involves digital and Radio-Frequency (RF) hardware, embedded software, localization algorithms, security and reliability aspects, electromagnetics, and others. Design and integration decisions affect the performance of an UWB system, in particular the most important metrics: localization accuracy and position update rate. To facilitate further development of UWB localization systems and to analyze some of the major trade-offs we share our experience in deploying the EPFL UWB-Lite test bed (U-Lite). We describe an approach to numerical simulation modeling that can help in the design and evaluation of UWB localization systems. To validate our approach we show experimental results with one transmitter and one receiver. Our UWB test bed includes a mobile robot platform, so we can study and evaluate the UWB performance trade-offs in real-world conditions.

关键词： Receivers Radio transmitters Accuracy Robots Radio frequency Demodulation

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