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Ultrasound for the degradation of endocrine disrupting compounds in aqueous solution: A review on mechanisms, influence of operating parameters and cost estimation

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Chemosphere 2024年 349卷 140864页

作者： Ghosh, Saptarshi Sahu, Manoranjan Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Inter-Disciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India

Availability of drinking water is one of the basic humanitarian goals but remains as a grand challenge that the world is facing today. Currently, water bodies are contaminated not only with conventional pollutants but also with numerous recalcitrant pollutants, such as PPCPs, endocrine disrupting compounds, etc. These emerging pollutants require special attention because of their toxicity to living organisms, bio-resistant and can sustain even after primary and secondary treatments of wastewater. Among different treatment technologies, sonolysis is found to be an innovative and promising technique for the treatment of emerging pollutants present in aqueous solution. Sonolysis is the use of ultrasound to enhance or alter chemical reactions by the formation of free radicals and shock waves which ultimately helps in degradation of pollutants. This review summarizes several studies in the sonochemical literature, including mechanisms of sonochemical process, physical and chemical effects of ultrasound, and the influence of several process variables such as ultrasound frequency, power density, temperature and pH of the medium on degradation performance for endocrine disrupting compounds. In addition, this review highlighted techno-economic perspectives focusing on the total cost required for translating the ultrasound-based processes on a large scale. Overall, the objective of this study is to exhibit a critical review of information available in the literature to encourage and promote future research on sonolysis for the degradation of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs). © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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Variation in Oxidative Potential of Fine Particulate Matter and its Association with Chemical Constituents at a Regional Site in India

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Dubey, Shreya Manwani, Pooja Yadav, Suman Phuleria, Harish C. Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai Powai400076 India Inter-Disciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Koita Centre for Digital Health Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai Powai400076 India

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) constituents are greatly affected by site-specific emission sources and are one of the main reasons for oxidative stress that leads to cardiovascular ailments. This study investigated the temporal, seasonal, and episodic variations in the oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 and its association with chemical components. Additionally, we have also examined the effect of filter substrates on OP. Dithiothreitol (DTT) and ascorbic acid (AA) acellular assays were used to estimate the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PM2.5 samples collected over a year from a regional site in India. PM2.5 morphology and functional groups were also analyzed. Results showed that OPDTT was at the highest in winter (2.56±0.84 nmol min-1 m-3) and at the lowest during monsoon (0.79±0.65 nmol min-1 m-3). OPAA exhibited the highest activity in post-monsoon (0.09±0.04 nmol min-1 m-3) and least in summer (0.05±0.04 nmol min-1 m-3). Biomass burning (BB) and open-field burning of crop residue during the rabi and kharif harvesting seasons were associated with significantly elevated PM2.5 toxicity, which is indicative of the contribution of combustion-derived particles. OPDTT and OPAA levels from BB in post-monsoon were 21% and 67% higher than the levels observed during BB in summer. Flaky irregular agglomerates and porous structures were observed during the BB period. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy revealed that traffic-emitted organic hydrocarbons C-H and C-O functional groups were dominant across the season. Further, chemical species such as organics (OC and EC fractions) and ions (SO42-, NH4+, Cl-, NO3-) were found to be significantly associated with OP. Among the three filter substrates, the Teflon showed higher OP variability for both assays. This study emphasizes the impact of regional toxic aerosols across seasons and during episodic events. It contributes to our understanding of the toxicity of ambient PM2.5, which is crucial for developing

关键词： Ascorbic acid

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Modeling ice thickness distribution and storage volume of glaciers in Chandra Basin,western Himalayas

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第8期17卷 2011-2022页

作者： Ankur PANDIT RAAJ RAMSANKARAN Inter Disciplinary Program(IDP)in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai 400076India TCS Research and Innovation Thane400601 India Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai 400076India

This article reports modeled ice thickness distribution and total ice volume of the 65 selected glaciers(>0.5 km^2)of Chandra basin,located in the Western *** is a first-of-its-kind study that gives detailed insights about the current ice thickness distribution at an individual glacier level in the Western *** estimates are obtained using an optimally parameterized Glab Top2_IITB[Glacier Bed Topography indian institute of technology Bombay(IITB)version]model with highresolution Digital Elevation Model(DEM)as an *** total estimated volume of all the 65 selected glaciers is about 55.32 km^3 covering a total area of about 591.03 km^*** hypsometric analysis,it is found that the maximum amount of ice volume,i.e.,about 12.79 km^3,is currently residing at the elevation range of 5200–5400 m *** thickness estimates obtained in the current study are compared with the ensemble estimates obtained in the Global Glacier Thickness Initiative(G2TI)project for three large glaciers,namely,Bada Shigri,Samudra Tapu,and Gepang Gath *** obtained results indicate that the difference between both the studies is marginal in terms of mean ice thickness and maximum ice thickness estimates except Samudra Tapu ***,the uncertainty of the estimated glacier ice volume from this study is about±15%whereas,from the G2TI project,it is about 25%.The main reasons for the difference could be the quality of the inputs used,model structure,model parameterization as well as the time stamp of the input *** obtained results from this study indicate that the use of appropriate shape factor and better DEM would result in more reliable glacier ice thickness estimates even by using a simple slopedependent model like Glab Top2_IITB.

关键词： Glacier ice thickness Glacier volume Glab Top2_IITB TanDEM-X DEM

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Drivers of the Patterns and Trends in indian Household Carbon Footprints of Rural and Urban Areas

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Sri, Priyanka Banerjee, Rangan Inter-Disciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400 076 India Department of Energy Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400 076 India Department of Energy Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Delhi110 016 India

Understanding the role of household carbon footprints in a country’s emissions has been a crucial yet neglected area in climate change research. In this study, we provide estimates of indian household carbon footprints (HCFs) for income quintiles belonging to rural and urban regions, while our aim is to understand the drivers of the patterns (between and within region) and trends (over time) in the same. For this, the constant price Environmentally extended Input-Output (EE-IO) data for the years 2003-04, 2007-08, 2013-14, and 2015-16 of the indian economy, which is augmented with micro-economic data based on national household surveys, is subjected to Input-Output analysis (IOA) and Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA). Also, annual Environmental Engel Curves (EECs) describing expenditure-emissions relationships are plotted separately for rural and urban households for the end years. It allowed the decomposing of differences in mean rural and urban HCFs across regions and time using the regression-based Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition (OBD) approach. For 2015-16, we find the households of the richest rural quintile emitting five times more than the lowest quintile, while for the urban counterparts, the disparity is more than seven times. Over time, HCFs increased mainly due to increasing per capita expenditures and population despite being offset by emission intensity changes. The role of different consumption categories is highlighted. Also, we observe a decline in emissions intensities with affluence increase across the cross-section of households from both the areas and time periods. While the household income was found to explain most of the differences in mean emissions between regions and across time, the lifestyle changes suggest comparatively climate unfriendly behaviour of households over time and in rural regions when we control for affluence differences. Suggestions toward carbon mitigation through sustainable consumption and the fairness implications of

关键词： Carbon footprint

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Performance of Various Wind Models for Storm Surge and Wave Prediction in the Bay of Bengal: A Case Study of Cyclone Hudhud

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Sebastian, Maneesha Behera, Manasa Ranjan Prakash, Kumar Ravi Murty, P.L.N. Central Water & Power Research Station Khadakwasla P.O Pune411024 India Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Inter Disciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Applied Physics Laboratory University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Ministry of Earth Sciences New Delhi110003 India

Wind and pressure fields associated with a tropical cyclone are the primary driving atmospheric forcing for storm surge computations. Here, performance of various atmospheric forcing during an Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm (ESCS) Hudhud of Bay of Bengal (BoB) in computing storm surges and wave characteristics are evaluated with observations. Atmospheric forcing considered are obtained from parametric wind models of Holland, reanalysis data ERA5, and a fully physics-based weather prediction model data from WRF. Study utilizes ADvance CIRCulation (ADCIRC) model in standalone as well as tightly coupled with, Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) (ADCIRC+SWAN) for generating storm surge and wave characteristics, respectively. Peak water levels at landfall are well computed when forced by parametric wind model than ERA5 or WRF. Also, ADCIRC+SWAN, resulted in an additional wave-set up ranging from 0.05 m to 0.35 m with different atmospheric forcing. Furthermore, study revealed that, both standalone ADCIRC and coupled ADCRIC+SWAN model predicted storm surge levels better when forced with 1980 Holland wind model. However, significant wave heights were better simulated by ADCIRC+SWAN with WRF forcing. This study is an attempt to understand capabilities of various atmospheric forcing used in BoB for storm surge and wave prediction. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Water levels

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MIC-O-MAP: a technology-enhanced learning environment for developing micro-macro thinking skills

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Research and Practice in technology Enhanced Learning 2017年第1期12卷 1-27页

作者： Kenkre, Anura B. Murthy, Sahana Inter-Disciplinary Program in Educational Technology Indian Institute of Technology Bombay India

MIC-O-MAP (MICroscopic-Observations-Macroscopic-Predictions) is a technology-enhanced learning (TEL) environment designed for developing micro-macro thinking skills among science and engineering undergraduate students. Micro-macro thinking involves being able to analyze dynamic processes and interactions on a microscopic level and establish co-relations to the outcomes which we can see and measure in the macroscopic world. In this paper, we report 2 cycles of iterative design, development, and evaluation of MIC-O-MAP, based on a design-based research approach. We first identify the pedagogical design features and learning activities of MIC-O-MAP based on a literature review of the development of micro-macro thinking. We then report an experimental study, which showed positive results that the design features and learning activities of MIC-O-MAP helped students develop micro-macro thinking. This was followed by a detailed interaction analysis, which provided insights into the redesign of MIC-O-MAP. An evaluation of the revised version of MIC-O-MAP showed that the shortcomings of the original version were addressed. The interaction analysis also led us to identify effective actions and learning paths as students learn in interactive TEL environments. © 2017, The Author(s).

关键词： Design-based research Micro-macro thinking TEL environment

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Designing Reciprocative Dynamic Linking to improve learners’ Representational Competence in interactive learning environments

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Research and Practice in technology Enhanced Learning 2017年第1期12卷 1页

作者： Patwardhan, Mrinal Murthy, Sahana Inter Disciplinary Program in Educational Technology Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India

Learning from interactive learning environments enriched with multiple external representations (MERs) is often beneficial. The learning benefits of MERs highly rely on the development of Representational Competence. Representational Competence refers to an ability to translate and see relations between MERs. The relevant research findings have consistently reported learners’ difficulty in relating and translating in MERs due to insufficient development of Representational Competence. Although dynamic linking is one of the strategies recommended to address this issue, it offers mixed results. This paper reports design of a new interaction feature that overcomes some of the limitations of traditional dynamically linked representations. We designed an additional interaction in dynamically linked MERs to support learners’ cognitive demands;we refer to this as Reciprocative Dynamic Linking. The goal of this additional affordance was to strengthen learners’ cross-representation cognitive linkage by promoting Representational Competence. The paper reports the study conducted to investigate effects of Reciprocative Dynamic Linking on students’ Representational Competence. The said study was conducted in a course on Signals and Systems from Electrical Engineering program (N = 24). The subjects were assigned to two conditions: a Simulation and a Simulation with Reciprocative Dynamic Linking. The representation competence was assessed with an instrument for measuring Representational Competence within Signals and Systems domain. The effect of Reciprocative Dynamic Linking on learners’ cognitive load was also investigated. The results confirmed that Reciprocative Dynamic Linking could lead to improvement in Representational Competence and thus, higher learning for “Apply and Analyze Procedural knowledge” categories of tasks. Reciprocative Dynamic Linking also promoted germane cognitive load of learners, as it could offer the required cognitive support to improve learners’ Repr

关键词： Affordance Cognitive load interactive learning environment Multiple external representations Representational Competence Simulation

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Integrated approach for mapping debris-covered glaciers using optical, thermal and topographic information - A case study on bara shigri glacier, western himalaya, India 38

Integrated approach for mapping debris-covered glaciers usin...

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38th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing - Space Applications: Touching Human Lives, ACRS 2017

作者： Ghosh, Swagata Ramsankaran, Raaj Amity University Sector 125 Noida UP201303 India Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai Maharashtra400076 India Inter-disciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai Maharashtra400076 India

Supraglacial debris strongly influences the rate of ablation of a glacier and thereby effecting the health and the contribution of the glaciers towards surface runoff. Moreover, debris cover over the ablation zone of the glaciers hampers automated and semi-automated mapping of glacier boundaries in different parts of the Himalayan region. Therefore, the present study proposes an integrated approach for delineation of glacier boundaries and supraglacial cover mapping of debris-covered glaciers using Landsat-8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) and TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) image and Digital elevation model (DEM). The proposed approach has been tested for delineation of the boundary of Bara Shigri Glacier, an extensively debris-covered glacier of Himachal Pradesh. Results obtained using the proposed approach correspond well with manually demarcated glacier boundary using a high resolution Linear Imaging Self Scanner (LISS)-IV image. Moreover, the proposed integrated knowledge based classification (KNC) technique is observed to be faster than the manual delineation in delineating the debris covered glacier boundary. © 2017 Asian Association on Remote Sensing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Landsat

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iSAT: a visual learning analytics tool for instructors

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Research and Practice in technology Enhanced Learning 2016年第1期11卷 1-22页

作者： Majumdar, Rwitajit Iyer, Sridhar Inter-disciplinary Program in Educational Technology Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India

interactive Stratified Attribute Tracking (iSAT) is a visual analytics tool for cohort analysis. In this paper, we show how instructors can use iSAT to visualize transitions of groups of students during teaching-learning activities. interactive visual analytics gives the instructor the affordance of understanding the dynamics of the class of students and their activities from the data collected in their own teaching-learning context. We take an example of a peer instruction (PI) activity and describe how iSAT can be used to analyze its clicker responses. During PI, typically instructors only use histograms to visualize the distribution of clicker responses in the pre- and post-discussion phases. We show that the use of iSAT to analyze clicker data in real time to trace transitions of participants’ responses during various voting phases can support them in planning for their post-PI activities. Seven patterns of transitions that emerge are aligned, returns, starburst, slide, attractor, switching, and void. We interpret them in the context of the example. Such transition patterns are neither available in multiple histograms of individual voting phase nor generated in real time to be visualized as a flow diagram. We had conducted two workshops to introduce iSAT to the instructors and demonstrated the workflow of using iSAT with their dataset. Here, we report usefulness and usability data collected from those workshops. In conclusion, we highlight the power of iSAT for instructors to do cohort analysis in their teaching-learning practice. © 2016, The Author(s).

关键词： Active learning Cohort analysis iSAT Learning analytics Peer instruction Teacher training Visual analytics

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Geometry-via-gestures: Design of a gesture based application to teach 3D geometry

Geometry-via-gestures: Design of a gesture based application...

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24th international Conference on Computers in Education - Workshop, ICCE 2016

作者： Lakshmi, T.G. Narayana, Soumya Prasad, Prajish Murthy, Sahana Chandrasekharan, Sanjay Inter-disciplinary Program in Educational Technology IIT Bombay India Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education India

ISBN: (纸本)9789869401210

Geometry holds a special place in Mathematics. Learning of Geometry requires understanding and integrating a wide range of topics such as coordinates, shapes, theorems, proofs, properties and formulae, to name a few. In 3D geometry, students find difficult the manipulation of 3D objects and interpreting their structure and properties, such as volume and surface area. Research shows that students mainly focus on the formulae and the numerical operations to calculate the volume or the surface area of a 3D object, and not on visualizing the 3D objects. Various media such as images, animation, simulations and 3D geometric software have been used to help learners visualize 3D shapes. However, the affordances provided by these media do not fully support the construction and manipulation of 3D objects. Based on an embodied interaction approach, we have designed a gesture-based application for high school students to learn the properties of 3D objects. In this paper, we describe the design of the application, "Geometry-via-Gestures" (GvG), which enables learners to construct a right circular cylinder using gestures and derive its volume. We present the results of the first prototype pilot and the proposed redesign. Copyright 2016 Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education. All rights reserved.

关键词： Students

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