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Self-Awareness for Autonomous systems

PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2020年第7期108卷 971-975页

作者： Dutt, Nikil Regazzoni, Carlo S. Rinner, Bernhard Yao, Xin Nikil Dutt (Fellow IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign Champaign IL USA in 1989.""He is currently a Distinguished Professor of computer science (CS) cognitive sciences and electrical engineering and computer sciences (EECS) with the University of California at Irvine Irvine CA USA. He is a coauthor of seven books. His research interests include embedded systems electronic design automation (EDA) computer architecture distributed systems healthcare Internet of Things (IoT) and brain-inspired architectures and computing.""Dr. Dutt is a Fellow of ACM. He was a recipient of the IFIP Silver Core Award. He has received numerous best paper awards. He serves as the Steering Committee Chair of the IEEE/ACM Embedded Systems Week (ESWEEK). He is also on the steering organizing and program committees of several premier EDA and embedded system design conferences and workshops. He has served on the Editorial Boards for the IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems and the ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems and also previously served as the Editor-in-Chief (EiC) for the ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems. He served on the Advisory Boards of the IEEE Embedded Systems Letters the ACM Special Interest Group on Embedded Systems the ACM Special Interest Group on Design Automationt and the ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems. Carlo S. Regazzoni (Senior Member IEEE) received the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electronic and telecommunications engineering from the University of Genoa Genoa Italy in 1987 and 1992 respectively.""He is currently a Full Professor of cognitive telecommunications systems with the Department of Electrical Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture (DITEN) University of Genoa and a Co-Ordinator of the Joint Doctorate on Interactive and Cognitive Environments (JDICE) international Ph.D. course started initially as EU Erasmus Mundus Project and

Autonomous systems are able to make decisions and potentially take actions without direct human intervention, which requires some knowledge about the system and its environment as well as goal-oriented reasoning. In computer systems, one can derive such behavior from the concept of a rational agent with autonomy (“control over its own actions”), reactivity (“react to events from the environment”), proactivity (“act on its own initiative”), and sociality (“interact with other agents”) as fundamental properties \n[1]\n. Autonomous systems will undoubtedly pervade into our everyday lives, and we will find them in a variety of domains and applications including robotics, transportation, health care, communications, and entertainment to name a few. \nThe articles in this month’s special issue cover concepts and fundamentals, architectures and techniques, and applications and case studies in the exciting area of self-awareness in autonomous systems.

关键词： Special issues and sections Autonomous systems Self-aware Robot sensing systems Computational modeling

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Integrating usability practices into agile development: A case study 23

Integrating usability practices into agile development: A ca...

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23rd International Conference on Information systems Development, ISD 2014

作者： Wale-Kolade, Adeola Y. Nielsen, Peter Axel Päivärinta, Tero Department of Information Systems University of Agder Kristiansand Norway Research Centre for Socio-Interactive Design Department of Computer Science Aalborg University Denmark Information Systems Department of Computer Science Electrical and Space Engineering Luleå University of Technology Luleå Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9789536071432

Within agile software development there is a growing concern with how development organizations can integrate usability work into agile practices. The concern occurs as frustration experienced in practice by agile developers and usability designers, and it also occurs as a gap in the research literature. With this paper we report from a case study in a software company that is committed to agile development, to usability work, and to their integration. The theoretical starting point is an initial framework that has been elicited from the research literature;and the paper's contribution is an extension and modification of the initial framework based on our case study results. The resulting framework points to three enablers (attitudes, compromises, skills), three tasks (upfront design, low-fi prototyping, iterative evaluating), and three alternative modes of collaboration/work organization (parallel, embedded, fully integrated) in agile usability practices. In addition, end-user involvement may vary. The paper contributes by extending existing frameworks on integration and thus providing better explanations for practitioners and researchers of integration of usability.

关键词： Integration

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Image presentation in space and time: Errors, preferences and eye-gaze activity 04

Image presentation in space and time: Errors, preferences an...

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Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, AVI 2004

作者： Spence, Bob Witkowski, Mark Fawcett, Catherine Craft, Brock De Bruijn, Oscar Intelligent and Interactive Systems Group Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London SW7 2BT United Kingdom Remax House 31/32 Alfred Place London WC1E 7DP United Kingdom Interactive Systems Design Computation Department UMIST P.O. Box 88 Manchester M60 1QD United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)1581138679

Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) is a technique that allows images to be presented sequentially in the time-domain, thereby offering an alternative to the conventional concurrent display of images in the space domain. Such an alternative offers potential advantages where display area is at a premium. However, notwithstanding the flexibility to employ either or both domains for presentation purposes, little is known about the alternatives suited to specific tasks undertaken by a user. As a consequence there is a pressing need to provide guidance for the interaction designer faced with these alternatives. We investigated the task of identifying the presence or absence of a previously viewed image within a collection of images, a requirement of many real activities. In experiments with subjects, the collection of images was presented in three modes (1) 'slide show' RSVP mode;(2) concurrently and statically - 'static mode';and (3) a 'mixed' mode. Each mode employed the same display area and the same total presentation time, together regarded as primary resources available to the interaction designer. For each presentation mode, the outcome identified error profiles and subject preferences. Eye-ga ze studies detected distinctive differences between the three presentation modes. © 2004 ACM.

关键词： Eye tracking

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VLSI design and implementation of an improved squaring circuit by combinational logic

VLSI design and implementation of an improved squaring circu...

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Asilomar Conference on Signals, systems & Computers

作者： H.S. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy A.A. Hiasat Microelectronics System Design LaboratoryDepartment of Electrical and Systems Engineering Oakland University Rochester MI USA

An improved VLSI squaring circuit, for a Viterbi algorithm, is designed and implemented in the n-well CMOS 2/spl mu/m process. It is faster and more area efficient than conventional and table look-up approaches. In addition it compensates for inaccuracies and noise. The new design is based on combinational logic and the implemented chip reduces the IC area by more than 40% and increases the speed by 100%, as compared to other published designs (Eshraghi et al., 1994). design considerations, performance evaluations, and test results are presented.

关键词： Very large scale integration Logic design Combinational circuits CMOS logic circuits Viterbi algorithm Microelectronics Laboratories design engineering systems engineering and theory CMOS process

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Class-dependent, discrete time-frequency distributions via operator theory

Class-dependent, discrete time-frequency distributions via o...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： J. McLaughlin J. Droppo L. Atlas Interactive Systems Design Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA

We propose a property for kernel design which results in distributions for each of two classes of signals which maximally separates their energies in the time-frequency plane. Such maximally separated distributions may result in improved classification because the signal representation is optimized to accentuate the differences in signal classes. This is not the case with other time-frequency kernels which are optimized based upon some criteria unrelated to the classification task. Using our operator theory formulation for time-frequency representations, our "maximal separation" criteria takes on a very easily solved form. Analysis of the solution in both the time-frequency and ambiguity planes is given along with an example on discrete signals.

关键词： Time frequency analysis Kernel Signal design Discrete wavelet transforms Continuous wavelet transforms Lifting equipment interactive systems Laboratories Signal representations Signal analysis

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Automatic clustering of vector time-series for manufacturing machine monitoring

Automatic clustering of vector time-series for manufacturing...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： L.M.D. Owsley L.E. Atlas G.D. Bernard Interactive Systems Design Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA Interactive Systems Design Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA Boeing Commercial Airplane Group Seattle WA USA

Our research in online monitoring of industrial milling tools has focused on the occurrence of certain wide-band transient events. Time-frequency representations of these events appear to reveal a variety of classes of transients, and a time-structure to these classes which would be well modeled using hidden Markov models. However, the identities of these classes are not known, and obtaining a labeled training set based on a priori information is not possible for reasons both theoretical and practical. Unsupervised clustering algorithms which exist are only appropriate for single vector patterns. We introduce an approach to unsupervised clustering of vector series based around the hidden Markov model. This system is justified as a generalization of a common single-vector approach, and applied to a set of vector patterns from a milling data set. Results presented illustrate the value of this approach in the milling application.

关键词： Manufacturing automation Computerized monitoring Condition monitoring Hidden Markov models Milling Clustering algorithms Time frequency analysis interactive systems Laboratories Airplanes

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Self-organizing feature maps with perfect organization

Self-organizing feature maps with perfect organization

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： L. Owsley L. Atlas G. Bernard Interactive Systems Design Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA Interactive Systems Design LaboratoryDepartment of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA Boeing Commercial Airplane Group Seattle WA USA

The self-organizing feature maps (SOFMs) introduced by Kohonen (1990) have found use in a wide variety of signal processing applications. The goal of SOFMs is to allow encoding of high-dimensional data vectors in such a manner that a vector's relative position in the codebook is related to the information in the vector in as simple a fashion as possible. One measure of the SOFM's performance in achieving this goal has been proposed by Zrehen and Blayo (1992). According to this measure, many feature maps produced by previous algorithms were disorganized. We review the Zrehen disorganization measure and some of its characteristics. We then show how our version of the SOFM algorithms can accept some simple modifications to produce feature maps which achieve perfect organization under the Zrehen measure of feature map performance. We discuss the emergent geometric properties of resulting feature maps, and illustrate the results using industrial drill vibration data. We note that applying the Zrehen-constrained algorithm to a data set implies certain assumptions about the set's distribution. We discuss the implications of these assumptions in the context of a feature extraction system for industrial milling data.

关键词： Signal processing algorithms Distortion measurement Frequency measurement Measurement standards Standards organizations interactive systems Laboratories Airplanes Signal processing Encoding

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Feature extraction networks for dull tool monitoring

Feature extraction networks for dull tool monitoring

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： L. Owsley L. Atlas G. Bernard Interactive Systems Design Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA Boeing Commercial Airplane Group Seattle WA USA

Automatic feature extraction is a need in many current applications, including the monitoring of industrial tools. Currently available approaches suffer from a number of shortcomings. The Kohonen (1989) self-organizing neural network (SONN) has the potential to act as a feature extractor, but we find it benefits from several modifications. The purpose of these modifications is to cause feature variations to be aligned with the SONN indices so that the indices themselves can be used as measures of the features. The modified SONN is applied to the dull tool monitoring problem, and it is shown that the new algorithm extracts and characterizes useful features of the data.

关键词： Feature extraction Monitoring Frequency Resonance Data mining Spectrogram Principal component analysis Humans interactive systems Laboratories

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Time-frequency distributions that preserve energy variations

Time-frequency distributions that preserve energy variations

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IEEE-SP International Symposium on Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Analysis

作者： Siva Bala Narayanan L. Atlas Interactive Systems Design Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA

We present and illustrate the shortcomings of Cohen's (1989) class of bilinear time-frequency distributions (BTFD) in preserving short-time energy variations of the individual frequency components of a multi-component signal. We then define a suitable energy variation property and derive a constraint on the BTFD kernel which is necessary and sufficient for this energy variation property. To satisfy the constraints exactly, the kernel must be signal dependent. We conclude that positive time-frequency distributions, which have signal-dependent kernels, may provide the best approach to the exact solution to this problem.< >

关键词： Time frequency analysis Kernel Visualization Signal processing Drilling Energy measurement Semiconductor device measurement Fourier transforms interactive systems Signal design

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Feature representations for monitoring of tool wear

Feature representations for monitoring of tool wear

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Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. Part 6 (of 6)

作者： Narayanan, Siva Bala Fang, Jing Bernard, Gary Atlas, Les Interactive Systems and Design Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering FT-10 Univ. of Washington Seattle 98195 WA United States Boeing Commercial Airplane Group P.O. Box 3707 M/S 5K-14 Seattle 98124-2207 WA United States

We address the general problem of reliable, real-time detection of faults in metal-removal processes in manufacturing. As has long been recognized by skilled machine operators, mechanical and acoustic vibrations can be reliable sources of cues for such monitoring. However, conventional dull-tool monitoring systems, which are generally based on stationary signal processing methods, are inadequate for real-time control of drilling procedure. Making use of a database from nine different drill bits, we a) identify different features which seem to contain tool wear information, b) document what we found to be superior signal processing tools to identify, extract and process these non-stationary features, and c) stress the need for a fully annotated public-domain manufacturing signal database.

关键词： Signal processing

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