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作者： Bae, H.J. Kang, S.M. Kim, T.S. Yoon, D.H. Interdisciplinary Graduate School Program for Photovoltaic Specialist Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440-746 Korea Republic of School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440-746 Korea Republic of

This study evaluated one step sol-gel process for the simultaneous formation of surface texturing without a series of chemical etching processes, as well as anti-reflection coatings without complicated vacuum processes and p-n junctions. The solutions for this process were prepared from a proper combination of precursors containing phosphorus and nano-size silicon dioxide particles. The specimen heat treated at 1000 °C showed the lowest reflectivity of 9% at a wavelength of 650 nm. In addition, the I-V test confirmed formation of a p-n junction. Therefore, the production of solar cells may be reduced to two steps, sol-gel and electrode printing. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Antireflection coatings

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Structure of finite sphere packings via exact enumeration: Implications for colloidal crystal nucleation

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Physical Review E 2012年第5期85卷 051403-051403页

作者： Robert S. Hoy Jared Harwayne-Gidansky Corey S. O’Hern Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Department of Physics and Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA

We analyze the geometric structure and mechanical stability of a complete set of isostatic and hyperstatic sphere packings obtained via exact enumeration. The number of nonisomorphic isostatic packings grows exponentially with the number of spheres N, and their diversity of structure and symmetry increases with increasing N and decreases with increasing hyperstaticity H≡Nc−NISO, where Nc is the number of pair contacts and NISO=3N−6. Maximally contacting packings are in general neither the densest nor the most symmetric. Analyses of local structure show that the fraction f of nuclei with order compatible with the bulk (rhcp) crystal decreases sharply with increasing N due to a high propensity for stacking faults, five- and near-fivefold symmetric structures, and other motifs that preclude rhcp order. While f increases with increasing H, a significant fraction of hyperstatic nuclei for N as small as 11 retain non-rhcp structure. Classical theories of nucleation that consider only spherical nuclei, or only nuclei with the same ordering as the bulk crystal, cannot capture such effects. Our results provide an explanation for the failure of classical nucleation theory for hard-sphere systems of N≲10 particles; we argue that in this size regime, it is essential to consider nuclei of unconstrained geometry. Our results are also applicable to understanding kinetic arrest and jamming in systems that interact via hard-core-like repulsive and short-ranged attractive interactions.

关键词： COLLOIDAL crystals NUCLEATION GEOMETRIC analysis SYMMETRY (Physics) EXPONENTIAL functions CRYSTAL structure MAXIMAL functions

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Terahertz Cavity Phonon Polaritons in Lead Telluride in the Deep-Strong Coupling Regime

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Baydin, Andrey Manjappa, Manukumara Mishra, Sobhan Subhra Xu, Hongjing Doumani, Jacques Tay, Fuyang Kim, Dasom Rappl, Paulo H.O. Abramof, Eduardo Singh, Ranjan Hernandez, Felix G.G. Kono, Junichiro Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Rice Advanced Materials Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Instrumentation and Applied Physics Department Indian Institute of Science Bangalore560012 India Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies The Photonics Institute Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Group of Research and Development in Materials and Plasma National Institute for Space Research São José dos Campos São Paulo12201-970 Brazil Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore Instituto de Física Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo05508-090 Brazil Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Lead telluride is an important thermoelectric material due to its large Seebeck coefficient combined with its unusually low thermal conductivity that is related to the strong anharmonicity of phonons in this material. Here, we have studied the resonant and nonperturbative coupling of transverse optical phonons in lead telluride with cavity photons inside small-mode-volume metallic metasurface cavities that have photonic modes with terahertz frequencies. We observed a giant vacuum Rabi splitting on the order of the bare phonon and cavity frequencies. Through terahertz time-domain spectroscopy experiments, we systematically studied the vacuum Rabi splitting as a function of sample thickness, temperature, and cavity length. Under the strongest light–matter coupling conditions, the strength of coupling exceeded the bare phonon and cavity frequencies, putting the system into the deep-strong coupling regime. These results demonstrate that this uniquely tunable platform is promising for realizing and understanding predicted cavity-vacuum-induced ferroelectric instabilities and exploring applications of light–matter coupling in the ultrastrong and deep-strong coupling regimes in quantum technology. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Phonons

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Phosphors as sensors for radiation-induced displacement damage

Phosphors as sensors for radiation-induced displacement dama...

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2012 MRS Spring Meeting

作者： Gollub, S.L. Harl, R.R. Weeden-Wright, S.L. Rogers, B.R. Walker, D.G. Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt University United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Vanderbilt University United States Department of Electrical Engineering Vanderbilt University United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Vanderbilt University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781627482646

The radiation-induced displacement damage in yttrium borate (YBO 3) is studied under X-ray, proton, and alpha irradiation. The photoluminescence (PL) was tested before and after irradiation to determine whether damage occurred and whether it could be queried by examining the PL spectrum. Two different dopants (cerium and europium) were used to activate the phosphor because each provides not only a different spectral signature but also a different mechanism for altering the spectrum between the pre- and post-PL measurements. X-rays, being primarily ionizing radiation, did not show any significant change between the pre and post measurements. We expected protons and alphas to damage the crystal structure, evidence of which could be seen in the change in the spectra before and after irradiation. However, we found no change under alpha exposure (3.6 × 1010 particles/cm 2) and a significant change after proton exposure (5 × 10 15 particles/cm2). While the material appears to be sensitive to protons, we cannot rule out its sensitivity to alphas because the alpha fluence may be too low to show an effect. This result provides strong indication that our materials are being damaged by particle radiation and that the radiation effects can be quantified. © 2012 materials Research Society.

关键词： Phosphors

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Self-packaged stretchable printed circuits with ligand-bound liquid metal particles in elastomer

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Nature Communications 2025年第1期16卷 1-11页

作者： Hyeonyeob Seo Gun-Hee Lee Dong-Yeong Kim Kum Seok Nam Jiwoo Park Yeonzu Son Semin Kim Congqi Yang Seongjun Park Joonhee Won Hyunjun Kim Steve Park Jae-Young Bae Seung-Kyun Kang Jiheong Kang Department of Bio and Brain Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea Departments of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering Pusan National University Busan Republic of Korea Departments of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering Pusan National University Busan Republic of Korea School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea Medical Research Center Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea School of Transdisciplinary Innovations Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering College of Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea KAIST Institute for NanoCentury Daejeon Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea

Packaging in stretchable electronics is crucial to protect components from environmental damage while preserving mechanical flexibility and providing electrical insulation. The conventional packaging process involves multiple steps that increase in complexity as the number of circuit layers multiply. In this study, we introduce a self-packaged stretchable printed circuit board enabled by the in situ phase separation of liquid metal particles (LMPs) within various polymer matrices during solution-based printing processes. The ligand-bound LMPs (LB-LMPs), engineered to inhibit oxide growth, undergo in situ sintering, prompting vertical phase separation. This synthesis strategy not only achieves high initial conductivity of the LMPs but also encapsulates them within the polymer matrix, preventing leakage and providing electrical insulation. Our method enables multi-layer circuit printing, eliminating the need for additional activation and packaging processes. Furthermore, by integrating conductive materials into packaging layers for selective electrical conductivity, vertical interconnect accesses and conductive pads can be formed, enabling large-scale, stretchable, and leakage-free multi-layer electrical circuits and bio-interfaces.

关键词：

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Effect of Yttrium Treatment on Germanium-Oxide-Based Interfacial Layer of Ge P-Channel Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor Fabricated Through In Situ Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition

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IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 2024年第3期71卷 1-6页

作者： Li, Hui-Hsuan Lin, Kuan-Yu Tsai, Yi-He Lin, Yu-Hsien Chien, Chao-Hsin Institute of Electronics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Graduate Program for Nanotechnology Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Electronic Engineering National United University Miaoli Taiwan

This study investigated the effect of yttrium (Y) treatment on a germanium (Ge)-oxide-based interfacial layer (IL) through in situ plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry revealed that the surface reaction and deposition could be successfully performed with a Y precursor, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that Y treatment on an IL can suppress GeO

$_{\text{x}}$

volatilization. A metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitor gate-stack with a Y-GeO

$_{\text{x}}$

IL has a low leakage current density (2.1

$\times$

$^{-\text{5}}$

A/cm

$^{\text{2}}$

) and a low interface trap density (approximately 5.5

$\times$

$^{\text{11}}$

$^{-\text{1}}$

$^{-\text{2}}$

) under optimized temperatures. Moreover, the Ge P-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (P-MOSFET) containing a gate-stack with a Y-treated Ge-oxide-based IL exhibited a high I

$_{\biosc{on}}$

$_{\biosc{off}}$

ratio and low OFF-state current. Therefore, applying the proposed Y treatment on the IL of a Ge P-MOSFET can help achieve a subnanometer equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) and an

关键词： Ge-oxide-based germanium germanium oxide (GeOx) in situ interfacial layer (IL) plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) Y-GeOx yttrium

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Optically-generated focused ultrasound for noninvasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision

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Light(science & Applications) 2022年第11期11卷 2817-2831页

作者： Yueming Li Ying Jiang Lu Lan Xiaowei Ge Ran Cheng Yuewei Zhan Guo Chen Linli Shi Runyu Wang Nan Zheng Chen Yang Ji-Xin Cheng Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Graduate Program for Neuroscience Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Chemistry Boston UniversitBostonMA 02215USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Division of Materials Science and Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02142USA

High precision neuromodulation is a powerful tool to decipher neurocircuits and treat neurological *** non-invasive neuromodulation methods offer limited precision at the milimeter ***,we report opticallygenerated focused ultrasound(OFUS)for non-invasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh *** is generated by a soft optoacoustic pad(SOAP)fabricated through embedding candle soot nanoparticles in a curved polydimethylsiloxane *** generates a transcranial ultrasound focus at 15 MHz with an ultrahigh lateral resolution of 83μm,which is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of conventional transcranial-focused ultrasound(tFUS).Here,we show effective OFUS neurostimulation in vitro with a single ultrasound *** demonstrate submillimeter transcranial stimulation of the mouse motor cortex in *** acoustic energy of 0.6 mJ/cm?,four orders of magnitude less than that of tFUS,is suffcient for successful OFUS *** offers new capabilities for neuroscience studies and disease treatments by delivering a focus with ultrahigh precision noninvasively.

关键词： SOAP stimulation precision

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Characterization of the critical load/speed values to mild to severe wear regime transition in a pin-on-disc test of a dense alumina

Characterization of the critical load/speed values to mild t...

引用

1st International Brazilian Conference on Tribology, TriboBR-2010 and 2nd International Tribology Symposium of IFToMM, ITS - IFToMM 2010

作者： Tedesco, Nadetsa Reginato De Jesus Agnolon Pallone, Elíria Maria Tomasi, Roberto Post-graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos - SP Brazil Basics Science Department-FZEA University of São Paulo Pirassununga - SP Brazil Materials Engineering Department Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos - SP Brazil

Alumina ceramics in a wear test reacts with air humidity to form a film layer of aluminum hydroxide which acts as a lubricant. Increasing sliding test load and/or speed affects the tribofilm and changes the wear regime from mild to severe. The purpose of this work was to determine critical values of load and sliding speed for the wear regime transition under controlled atmosphere humidity, in a pin-on-disc test. The wear rate and the worn surface SEM image and roughness allowed to distinguish the mild and severe wear regime for different speed/load combinations so that the boundaries of mild wear region was determined. The boundaries were characterized by a narrow transition zone. The image analyses have shown distinct wear mechanisms as function of sliding speed and load.

关键词： Alumina

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Microstructural control of Co-based PTA coatings

Microstructural control of Co-based PTA coatings

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作者： Gomes, Rafael Henke, Sérgio D'Oliveira, Ana Sofia Graduate Program in Engineering and Materials Science - PIPE Federal University of Parana - UFPR CEP 80060-000 Curitiba PR Brazil Mechanical Engineering Department Federal University of Parana - UFPR CEP 80060-000 Curitiba PR Brazil

Cobalt-based alloys are widely used as hardfacing materials when wear resistance is required at room temperature or high temperature applications. However, their performance is a consequence of their microstructures that depends on the processing conditions. This work focused on the influence of solidification rate on the structure development by processing the alloys with and without the interference of the substrate. The coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, optical microscopy and instrument indentation tests. Results showed that despite the same phases developed in tested conditions, differences in the solidification microstructure and the influence of Fe diffusing from the substrate accounted for the measured variation in hardness. Higher hardness values were obtained for the samples processed free-standing (mini billets) with respect to the coatings and they were independent of the processing parameters, indicating that the substrate compromise the properties of hardness, as expected.

关键词： Hardness

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Optimization of DNA microsensor arrays for biological detection

Optimization of DNA microsensor arrays for biological detect...

引用

ASME 2000 International Mechanical engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE 2000

作者： Gau, Jen-Jr Lan, Esther H. Dunn, Bruce Ho, Chih-Ming Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Graduate Degree Program University of California Los Angeles United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Los Angeles United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Los Angeles United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780791819005

This paper describes the characterization and optimization of a reusable DNA microsensor array for rapid biological agent detection developed in previous publications. (Fig.l) [1-3] This MEMS based DNA sensor utilizes a standard three-electrode electrochemical cell configuration with novel micro fabricated structure design to minimize non-specific binding. The sensor module is easily to be adapted to various protocols and can be used for rapid detection of macromolecules (DNA, RNA) from targets such as uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) in urine and microorganisms causing otitis media (middle ear infection). Less than 105 E. coli cells can be detected from the urine sample of a patient with urine tract infection. The sensitivity is enhanced by appropriate sensor characterization and surface modification. The total detection time including sample preparation can be reduced to 25 minutes by using a POD conjugated oligonucleotide. Copyright © 2000 by ASME

关键词： DNA

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