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Real-time temperature correction for magnetoresistive biosensors integrated with temperature modulator

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X 2023年 14卷 100356页

作者： Kim, Songeun Wang, Shan X. Lee, Jung-Rok Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Graduate Program in Smart Factory Ewha Womans University Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA93405 United States Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA93405 United States

Magnetoresistance-based biosensors utilize changes in electrical resistance upon varying magnetic fields to measure biological molecules or events involved with magnetic tags. However, electrical resistance fluctuates with temperature. To decouple unwanted temperature-dependent signals from the signal of interest, various methods have been proposed to correct signals from magnetoresistance-based biosensors. Yet, there is still a need for a temperature correction method capable of instantaneously correcting signals from all sensors in an array, as multiple biomarkers need to be detected simultaneously with a group of sensors in a central laboratory or point-of-care setting. Here we report a giant magnetoresistive biosensor system that enables real-time temperature correction for individual sensors using temperature correction coefficients obtained through a temperature sweep generated by an integrated temperature modulator. The algorithm with individual temperature correction coefficients obviously outperformed that using the average temperature correction coefficient. Further, temperature regulation did not eliminate temperature-dependent signals completely. To demonstrate that the method can be used in biomedical applications where large temperature variations are involved, binding kinetics experiments and melting curve analysis were conducted with the temperature correction method. The method successfully removed all temperature-dependent artifacts and thus produced more precise kinetic parameters and melting temperatures of DNA hybrids. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Kinetics

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High-Order Nonlinear Electrophoresis in a Nematic Liquid Crystal

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第15期132卷 158102-158102页

作者： Mojtaba Rajabi Taras Turiv Bing-Xiang Li Hend Baza Dmitry Golovaty Oleg D. Lavrentovich Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA Department of Physics Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China Department of Mathematics The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325-4002 USA Materials Science Graduate Program Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA

Electrophoresis is the motion of particles relative to a surrounding fluid driven by a uniform electric field. In conventional electrophoresis, the electrophoretic velocity grows linearly with the applied field. Nonlinear effects with a quadratic speed vs field dependence are gaining research interest since an alternating current field could drive them. Here, we report on the giant nonlinearity of electrophoresis in a nematic liquid crystal in which the speed grows with the fourth and sixth powers of the electric field. The mechanism is attributed to the shear thinning of the nematic environment induced by the moving colloid. The observed giant nonlinear effect dramatically enhances the efficiency of electrophoretic transport.

关键词： Electrophoresis Non-Newtonian fluids Nonlinear dynamics in fluids Colloids Liquid crystals Nematic liquid crystals Optical microscopy Rheology techniques

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Developments in the utilization of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel generation: An update on recent advancements

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Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 2024年

作者： Parameshwar, Sai Agnihotri, Mayank Bhan, Uday Nangan, Senthilkumar Verma, Deepak Rajendran, Saravanan Jain, Siddharth Department of Petroleum Engineering and Earth Sciences UPES Dehradun248007 India Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand International Graduate Program of Nanoscience and Technology Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Instituto de Alta Investigacion Universidad de Tarapacá Arica1000000 Chile Department of Mechanical Engineering UPES Dehradun248007 India

Background: Biodiesel is one of the ecofriendly energy sources that can be generated from edible, non-edible, waste, and algae feedstocks. Over time, the utilization of different kinds of heterogeneous catalysts has been proven critical in the manufacture of biodiesel from diverse feedstocks. They exhibit better reusability and easier separation compared to the homogenous catalysts. Methods: In this work, the advances in the use of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from 2018 to 2024 have been evaluated. The process parameters like alcohol to oil molar ratio (M/O), catalyst concentration (%), reaction time and reaction temperature (RT), reusability of the catalyst, etc. are evaluated. The catalysts derived from waste materials through the calcination process are an efficient and cost-effective substitute for conventional catalysts. Nanomaterials, due to their small size and higher aspect ratio, provide very high efficiency and reusability in catalytic reactions. Significant findings: The heterogeneous catalysts are also found to be highly reusable for multiple cycles and the leaching of active sites, clogging of pore spaces of catalyst, etc. are the major causes of catalyst deactivation. Magnetic heterogeneous catalysts have shown good biodiesel yields and high reusability. Also, naturally occurring calcium oxide and potassium compounds present in waste derived catalysts helped to give high biodiesel yields. The future direction in the path of development of heterogeneous catalysts from cheap, abundant, and environmentally benign materials. The synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts from waste materials addresses the issue of waste disposal and converting solid waste to value-added catalysts. The life cycle assessment studies, encompassing heterogeneous catalyst synthesis, feedstock oil extraction, biodiesel production, and fuel combustion may give valuable input on the environmental impact of the entire process. © 2024

关键词： Potassium compounds

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Exotic Magnetism in Perovskite KOsO3

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第15期132卷 156701-156701页

作者： Jie Chen Hongze Li Javier Gainza Angel Muñoz Jose A. Alonso Jue Liu Yu-Sheng Chen Alexei A. Belik Kazunari Yamaura Jiaming He Xinyu Li John B. Goodenough J.-S. Zhou Materials Science and Engineering program Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Cantoblanco E-28049 Madrid Spain Universidad Carlos III Avenida Universidad 30 E-28911 Leganés-Madrid Spain Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37830 USA NSF’s ChemMatCARS The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60437 USA Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) National Institute for Materials Science Namiki 1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Hokkaido University North 10 West 8 Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan

A new perovskite KOsO3 has been stabilized under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. It is cubic at 500 K (Pm−3m) and undergoes subsequent phase transitions to tetragonal at 320 K (P4/mmm) and rhombohedral (R−3m) at 230 K as shown from refining synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction (SXRD) data. The larger orbital overlap integral and the extended wave function of 5d electrons in the perovskite KOsO3 allow to explore physics from the regime where Mott and Hund’s rule couplings dominate to the state where the multiple interactions are on equal footing. We demonstrate an exotic magnetic ordering phase found by neutron powder diffraction along with physical properties via a suite of measurements including magnetic and transport properties, differential scanning calorimetry, and specific heat, which provide comprehensive information for a system at the crossover from localized to itinerant electronic behavior.

关键词： Magnetic interactions Magnetic order Antiferromagnets Density functional theory First-principles calculations Neutron diffraction Sintering

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Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging for Radiotherapy Treatment Monitoring in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging for Radiotherapy Treatment Mon...

引用

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Debamitra Chakraborty Bradley N. Mills Jing Cheng Ivan Komissarov Scott Gerber Roman Sobolewski Materials Science Graduate Program University of Rochester Rochester New York Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester Rochester New York Department of Surgery University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369311

Terahertz time-domain imaging was performed of stereotactic body radiotherapy-treated murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with a high spatial resolution. To generate 2D maps of the tissue samples, the refractive index and absorption coefficient were used as imaging markers extracted with the maximum a-posteriori probability (MAP) estimation algorithm. The results were then compared with the terahertz maps of untreated murine PDAC tissue samples and demonstrated that terahertz imaging can probe physical changes with high sensitivity in the tissue post treatment.

关键词： Maximum a posteriori estimation Terahertz wave imaging Laser theory Sensitivity Refractive index Radiation therapy Time-domain analysis Spatial resolution Probes Monitoring

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Piezoelectric Electrostatic Superlattices in Monolayer MoS2

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Ramasubramaniam, Ashwin Naveh, Doron Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst AmherstMA01003 United States Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program University of Massachusetts Amherst AmherstMA01003 United States Faculty of Engineering Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan52900 Israel Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan52900 Israel

Modulation of electronic properties of materials by electric fields is central to the operation of modern semiconductor devices, providing access to complex electronic behaviors and greater freedom in tuning the energy bands of materials. Here, we explore one-dimensional superlattices induced by a confining electrostatic potential in monolayer MoS2, a prototypical two-dimensional semiconductor. Using first-principles calculations, we show that periodic potentials applied to monolayer MoS2 induce electrostatic superlattices in which the response is dominated by structural distortions relative to purely electronic effects. These structural distortions reduce the intrinsic band gap of the monolayer substantially while also polarizing the monolayer through piezoelectric coupling, resulting in spatial separation of charge carriers as well as Stark shifts that produce dispersive minibands. Importantly, these minibands inherit the valley-selective magnetic properties of monolayer MoS2, enabling fine control over spin-valley coupling in MoS2 and similar transition-metal dichalcogenides. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Monolayers

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Steel Mill Scale Nanoparticles Obtained by High-Energy Milling

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： de Oliveira, Elen Machado de Oliveira, Elis Machado De Noni, Agenor de Oliveira, Camila Machado Peterson, Michael Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering University of Extremo Sul Catarinense Santa Catarina Criciúma88806-000 Brazil Departament of Chemical and Food Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Santa Catarina Florianópolis88040-970 Brazil Barriga Verde University Center Santa Catarina Orleans88870-000 Brazil

Steel mill scale is a waste generated in the steel industry in the hot rolling process. In pursuit of its technological valorization, the material underwent 13 hours of wet high-energy milling at 2,500 rpm in three stages, with a reduction in the grinding elements. The influence of the process on the material structure was investigated. After milling, the steel mill scale reached a specific surface area of 50.408 m2/g, and transmission electron microscopy images showed particles in nanometric sizes. The comminution process resulted in the oxidation of the material to more stable iron oxides and a reduction in its crystallinity. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanoparticles

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Development and Validation of a Portable Optical Instrument for Estimating Leaf Nitrogen in Maize (Zea Mays L.)

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Nogueira, Felipe Hermínio Meireles Ribeiro, Sharon Gomes Lima, Guilherme Santos Moreira, Luís Clênio Jario da Rocha Neto, Odílio Coimbra Nogueira, Ricardo Emílio Ferreira Quevedo dos Santos Teixeira, Adunias Department of Agricultural Engineering Federal University of Ceara Fortaleza60455-760 Brazil Soil Science Graduate Program Federal University of Ceara Fortaleza60455-760 Brazil Department of Agronomy Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Ceara Limoeiro do Norte62930-000 Brazil Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Ceara Fortaleza60455-760 Brazil

This study proposes the development and evaluation of a new portable multispectral instrument to estimate the leaf nitrogen concentration in maize crops in the field. The MSPAT (Multispectral Soil Plant Analysis Tools) includes the AS7265x sensor, which has 18 bands and covers the spectrum from 410 to 940 nm. The device was designed to be portable, using the ESP32 microcontroller and incorporating such functionality as data storage on a MicroSD card, communication with a smartphone via WiFi and geolocation of the acquired data. The MSPAT was evaluated in an experiment conducted at the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), where the maize was subjected to different doses of nitrogen fertiliser (0, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 ***−1 N). Spectral readings were taken at three phenological stages (V5, V10, R2) using the MSPAT, the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter and the FieldSpec PRO FR3 spectroradiometer. After taking the optical measurements, the nitrogen content of the leaves was determined in the laboratory using the method proposed by Kjeldahl. The data analysis included the calculation of normalised ratio indices (NRIs) for the estimation using linear regression, and the application of multivariate statistical methods (PLSR and PCR) for predicting the leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC). The results showed that the MSPAT index with the best performance used the 900 nm band in a normalised ratio with the 560 nm band (R2 = 0.64) at stage V10. In the validation, the MSPAT presented an R2 of 0.79, demonstrating superior performance to the SPAD-502, which achieved an R2 of 0.70. This confirms the potential of the MSPAT compared to commercial equipment, and made it possible to obtain similar results to the reference spectroradiometer. The PLSR model with data from the FieldSpec 3 provided important validation metrics when using reflectance data with first-derivative transformation (R2 = 0.88, RMSE = 1.94 and MAE = 1.28). When using the MSPAT, PLSR (R2 = 0.75, RMSE = 2.77 and MAE = 2

关键词： Network security

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Acid-catalyzed hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge: effects of reaction temperature and acid concentration on the production of hydrolysis by-products

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Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 2023年第9期13卷 7533-7546页

作者： Pham, Van Toi Guan, Chung-Yu Han, Po-Chun Matsagar, Babasaheb M. Wu, Kevin C. W. Ahamad, Tansir Chang, Ching-Yuan Yu, Chang-Ping Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan Faculty of Environmental Engineering National University of Civil Engineering 55 Giai Phong Hai Ba Trung Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Department of Environmental Engineering National Ilan University Yilan260 Taiwan Ph.D. Program of Green Materials and Precision Devices National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia Water Innovation Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan

Sewage sludge (SS) is an organic biomass from wastewater treatment plants, but the use of SS to produce bio-based chemicals under acid-catalyzed hydrolysis (ACH) processes is not well investigated. In this study, ACH processes were performed at 120, 150, and 180 °C using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with concentrations of 0–0.5 M within a reaction time of 90–180 min to produce bio-based chemicals from SS. The results showed that the reaction temperature, reaction time, and concentrations of H2SO4 affected the yields of sugars, levulinic acid (LA), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The highest xylose and glucose yields were 7.69 mol% and 5.22 mol% at 120 °C with 0.5 M H2SO4 during the 180 min of reaction time, respectively. Besides, under the ACH process at 180 °C and 180 min, the yield of LA reached a maximum value of 0.48 mol% at 0.5 M H2SO4, and the highest yield of HMF was 1.66 mol% at 0.1 M H2SO4. The data obtained also indicated that the ACH process led to an increase in soluble chemical oxygen demand, dissolved organic carbon, and total dissolved nitrogen. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix of dissolved organic matter and thermogravimetric analysis of the treated SS further supported the enhanced solubilization of SS after ACH process, especially under higher reaction temperature and concentrations of H2SO4. Although the lower yields of bio-based chemicals might restrict the downstream recovery of the target products, the largely improved SS solubilization by ACH suggests that acid-catalyzed hydrothermal hydrolysis process has potential as an alternative pretreatment method of SS. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Sewage sludge

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3D printed bioabsorbable composite scaffolds of poly (lactic acid)-tricalcium phosphate-ceria with osteogenic property for bone regeneration

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Biomaterials and Biosystems 2024年 13卷 100086页

作者： Harb, Samarah V. Kolanthai, Elayaraja Pugazhendhi, Abinaya S. Beatrice, Cesar A.G. Pinto, Leonardo A. Neal, Craig J. Backes, Eduardo H. Nunes, Ana C.C. Selistre-de-Araújo, Heloisa S. Costa, Lidiane C. Coathup, Melanie J. Seal, Sudipta Pessan, Luiz A. Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa) Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar) SP São Carlos Brazil Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Central Florida Orlando FL United States Biionix Cluster College of Medicine University of Central Florida Orlando FL United States Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa) Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) SP São Carlos Brazil Department of Physiological Sciences Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) SP São Carlos Brazil

The fabrication of customized implants by additive manufacturing has allowed continued development of the personalized medicine field. Herein, a 3D-printed bioabsorbable poly (lactic acid) (PLA)- β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) (10 wt %) composite has been modified with CeO₂ nanoparticles (CeNPs) (1, 5 and 10 wt %) for bone repair. The filaments were prepared by melt extrusion and used to print porous scaffolds. The nanocomposite scaffolds possessed precise structure with fine print resolution, a homogenous distribution of TCP and CeNP components, and mechanical properties appropriate for bone tissue engineering applications. Cell proliferation assays using osteoblast cultures confirmed the cytocompatibility of the composites. In addition, the presence of CeNPs enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells;thereby, increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition and bone-related gene expression. Results from this study have shown that the 3D printed PLA-TCP-10%CeO₂ composite scaffold could be used as an alternative polymeric implant for bone tissue engineering applications: avoiding additional/revision surgeries and accelerating the regenerative process. © 2023

关键词： Additive manufacturing Biomaterial Bone tissue engineering Ceria nanoparticle Polymer-matrix composites

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