In this paper, a multi-functional of multi-layer planar micro-coils chip is demonstrated to play as actuators and heaters. For playing as actuators, the micro-coil generate local magnetic field with applied current of...
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In this paper, a multi-functional of multi-layer planar micro-coils chip is demonstrated to play as actuators and heaters. For playing as actuators, the micro-coil generate local magnetic field with applied current of 15 mA to quickly manipulated magnetic beads to center of micro-coil within one minute. For functioning as heaters, the micro-coil heater can be quickly heated up to denatured temperature of 95 °C with input power of 50.5 mW, and its heating and cooling rate are 19.7 and 11.8 °C/s, respectively. For the typical 25 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycles, it took only 770 seconds. To further shrink and optimize the multi-layer planar micro-coils chip can be possibly used to manipulate single cell with magnetic beads to specific region and analyze its gene sequence by using single cell PCR technique.
Early detection of living bacteria attracts a lot of attention in infection diseases applications, especially at low concentration. Nowadays, the detection of specific bacteria faces challenges including enhancement o...
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Early detection of living bacteria attracts a lot of attention in infection diseases applications, especially at low concentration. Nowadays, the detection of specific bacteria faces challenges including enhancement of trapping efficiency, and increase of sensor sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we improved the trapping efficiency and increased sensor sensitivity and specificity by using AC electrokinetics and selective modification of antibody on gold electrode in a new structure of gold electrode design. COMSOL simulations of AC electrokinetics include dielectrophoresis (DEP), and AC electroosmosis (ACEO) were performed on different electrode designs and bias configurations. The simulation results were consistent with the fluorescence observations showing that the bacteria were trapping selectively on gold electrodes. The impedance measurements for Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) detection at 105 cfu/ml with AC elctrokinetics showed a nearly 90% change in normalized impedance change (NIC).
Bond integrity is of interest to researchers in non-destructive evaluation because it is used as an indicator when assessing the health of structures. In this study, a plate waveguide on a half space is examined to fi...
Bond integrity is of interest to researchers in non-destructive evaluation because it is used as an indicator when assessing the health of structures. In this study, a plate waveguide on a half space is examined to find features associated with bond integrity. Analytical and finite element models are developed to describe wave propagation. Mode and frequency selection optimization is discussed. Preliminary results suggest that changes in arrival time and amplitude can be used to detect the length of a very weak bond when using a special mode of strong in-plane displacement at the interface.
Ba2Co9O14 is a charge-ordered Co2+/3+ cobaltite that consists of building blocks of CdI2-type Co2+/3+O6/3 layers, face-shared Co3+3O12 octahedral trimers, and corner-sharing Co2+O4 tetrahedra. The Co-L2,3 x-ray absorp...
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Ba2Co9O14 is a charge-ordered Co2+/3+ cobaltite that consists of building blocks of CdI2-type Co2+/3+O6/3 layers, face-shared Co3+3O12 octahedral trimers, and corner-sharing Co2+O4 tetrahedra. The Co-L2,3 x-ray absorption spectroscopy spectrum at room temperature indicates a high and a low spin state for Co2+ and Co3+ ions, respectively. Measurements of high-temperature resistivity and thermoelectric power revealed an insulator-to-insulator phase transition at Tt = 570 K, above which the inverse magnetic susceptibility χ−1(T) deviates from the Curie-Weiss law. By using a combination of soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy at the O-K edge and high-resolution synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction measurements on crossing Tt, we have successfully determined the origin of this phase transition as a low-to-higher spin-state transition of Co3+ ions within the face-shared Co3O12 octahedral trimers in Ba2Co9O14.
Personalized medicine will improve heath outcomes and patient satisfaction. However, implementing personalized medicine based on individuals’ biological information is far from simple, requiring genetic biomarkers th...
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Personalized medicine will improve heath outcomes and patient satisfaction. However, implementing personalized medicine based on individuals’ biological information is far from simple, requiring genetic biomarkers that are mainly developed and used by the pharmaceutical companies for selecting those patients who benefit more, or have less risk of adverse drug reactions, from a particular drug. Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) aim to identify genetic variants across the human genome that might be utilized as genetic biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. During the last several years, high-density genotyping SNP arrays have facilitated GWAS that successfully identified common genetic variants associated with a variety of phenotypes. However, each of the identified genetic variants only explains a very small fraction of the underlying genetic contribution to the studied phenotypic trait. The replication studies demonstrated that only a small portion of associated loci in the initial GWAS can be replicated, even within the same populations. Given the complexity of GWAS, multiple sources of Type I (false positive) and Type II (false negative) errors exist. The inconsistency in genotypes that caused either by the genotypeing experiment or by genotype calling process is a major source of the false GWAS findings. Accurate and reproducible genotypes are paramount as inconsistency in genotypes can lead to an inflation of false associations. This article will review the sources of inconsistency in genotypes and discuss its effect in GWAS findings.
Symmetric diblock copolymers undergo a disorder to order transition below a microphase separation transition temperature. In this temperature range the structure is characterized by alternating lamellae of thickness L...
Symmetric diblock copolymers undergo a disorder to order transition below a microphase separation transition temperature. In this temperature range the structure is characterized by alternating lamellae of thickness L. In thin film geometries, the lamellae are oriented normal to the substrate if there is a preferential interaction between either of the block constituents and the substrate/copolymer or copolymer/vacuum interfaces. Depending on the relation between the film thickness and L, the topography of the film might comprise of holes, islands or spinodal-like structures. We show that in a polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer of molecular weight 20, 000 g/mol, above the microphase separation transition temperature, the topography of the film depends on the thickness. A heirarchy of bicontinuous patterns and holes is observed with increasing film thickness for films thinner than 35 nm.
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