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SARS-CoV-2 surveillance of wastewater in small rural communities identifies lack of vaccine coverage as influence of omicron outbreak

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Water Research 2025年 283卷

作者： Solana Narum Thibault Stalder Benjamin Ridenhour Erik R. Coats Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program (BCB) University of Idaho 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1103 Moscow ID 83844 United States Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation (IMCI) University of Idaho 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1122 Moscow ID 83844 United States Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho 875 Perimeter Drive MS 3051 Moscow ID 83844 United States Institute for Interdisciplinary Data Sciences (IIDS) University of Idaho 875 Perimeter Drive MS 3051 Moscow ID 83844 United States Department of Mathematics and Statistical Science University of Idaho 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1103 Moscow ID 83844 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Idaho 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1022 Moscow ID 83844 United States

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) can provide critical early warnings to aid public health, which can be particularly beneficial in rural communities with limited access to health care. Spikes of SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration in wastewater have been used to represent infections in a community, but wastewater holds a wealth of information that has not been explored yet. The objectives of this research were to expand the use of WBE to 1) determine the dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 variants in rural communities, and 2) evaluate the relationship between community vaccination status and the outbreak of a variant. We quantified the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, as well as specific mutations that are consistent with Delta and Omicron in influent raw wastewater samples collected from wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs) for five populations with <1000 residents and one larger population in Latah County, ID. A binomial generalized linear model using the percent of the population with protection against Omicron from the initial vaccines and the booster shot was able to predict the probability of an uptick in Omicron concentration in wastewater with an accuracy of 0.96. Evaluation of vaccination data indicate that the spike in Omicron infections in December 2021 in the studied towns was linked to low levels of population protection from the initial shots of the COVID-19 vaccine against Omicron infection and limited uptake of booster shots in these communities. Despite difficulties with applying WBE in rural regions, this study shows that beyond evaluating spikes of viral infections, WBE can be used to evaluate the effect of a population’s vaccine coverage on SARS-CoV-2 variant dynamics.

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Decomposition of dynamic transcriptomic responses during effector-triggered immunity reveals conserved responses in two distinct plant cell populations

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Plant Communications 2024年第8期5卷 1-17页

作者： Xiaotong Liu Daisuke Igarashi Rachel A.Hillmer Thomas Stoddard You Lu Kenichi Tsuda Chad L.Myers Fumiaki Katagiri Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesSt PaulMN 55108USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN 55455USA Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN 55455USA Institute for Innovation Ajinomoto Co.Inc.KawasakiJapan State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHubei Key Lab of Plant PathologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Present address:225 S 6th St MinneapolisMN 55402USA Present address:Biotalys Inc.2520 Meridian Parkway Suite 480DurhamNC 27713USA Present address:Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Rapid plant immune responses in the appropriate cells are needed for effective defense against *** transcriptome analysis is often used to describe overall immune responses,collection of transcriptome data with sufficient resolution in both space and time is *** reanalyzed public Arabidopsis time-course transcriptome data obtained after low-dose inoculation with a Pseudomonas syringae strain expressing the effector AvrRpt2,which induces effector-triggered immunity in ***-peak time-course patterns are prevalent among thousands of upregulated *** implemented a multicompartment modeling approach to decompose the double-peak pattern into two single-peak patterns for each *** decomposed peaks reveal an“echoing”pattern:the peak times of the first and second peaks correlate well across most upregulated *** demonstrated that the two peaks likely represent responses of two distinct cell populations that respond either cell autonomously or indirectly to ***,the peak decomposition has extracted spatial information from the time-course *** echoing pattern also indicates a conserved transcriptome response with different initiation times between the two cell populations despite different elicitor types.A gene set highly overlapping with the conserved gene set is also upregulated with similar kinetics during pattern-triggered *** of a WRKY network via different entry-point WRKYs can explain the similar but not identical transcriptome responses elicited by different elicitor *** discuss potential benefits of the properties of the WRKY activation network as an immune signaling network in light of pressure from rapidly evolving pathogens.

关键词： Arabidopsis Pseudomonas syringae plant immune response multi-compartment model WRKY transcription factors resilient immune signaling network

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SYSTEMS biology IN BARLEY POWDERY MILDEW INTERACTIONS

SYSTEMS BIOLOGY IN BARLEY POWDERY MILDEW INTERACTIONS

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The 13th International Cereal Rusts and Powdery Mildews Conference(第13届国际禾谷类锈病与白粉病大会)

作者： Roger WISE Priyanka SURANA Greg FUERST Ruo XU Dan NETTLETON Divya MISTRY Julie DICKERSON Lin WANG Tom BRUTNELL Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Center for Plant Responses to Environmental StressesIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011USA Department of Statistics Iowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011USA Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate ProgramIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011USA Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate ProgramIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011USA Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program Iowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011USA Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyCenter for Plant Responses to Environmental StressesIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011USA Crop and Insect Genetics Genomicsand Informatics Research UnitU.S.Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research ServiceIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011USA Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Center for Plant Responses to Environmental StressesIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011USA Department of StatisticsIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011USA Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate ProgramIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011USA Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program Iowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011USA Crop and Insect GeneticsGenomicsand Informatics Research UnitU.S.Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research ServiceIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011USA Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant ResearchCornell UniversityIthacaNY

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Connecting polymer collapse and the onset of jamming

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Physical Review E 2024年第3期109卷 034406-034406页

作者： Alex T. Grigas Aliza Fisher Mark D. Shattuck Corey S. O'Hern Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New York New York 10031 USA Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Applied Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA

Previous studies have shown that the interiors of proteins are densely packed, reaching packing fractions that are as large as those found for static packings of individual amino-acid-shaped particles. How can the interiors of proteins take on such high packing fractions given that amino acids are connected by peptide bonds and many amino acids are hydrophobic with attractive interactions? We investigate this question by comparing the structural and mechanical properties of collapsed attractive disk-shaped bead-spring polymers to those of three reference systems: static packings of repulsive disks, of attractive disks, and of repulsive disk-shaped bead-spring polymers. We show that the attractive systems quenched to temperatures below the glass transition T≪Tg and static packings of both repulsive disks and bead-spring polymers possess similar interior packing fractions. Previous studies have shown that static packings of repulsive disks are isostatic at jamming onset, i.e., the number of interparticle contacts Nc matches the number of degrees of freedom, which strongly influences their mechanical properties. We find that repulsive polymer packings are hypostatic at jamming onset (i.e., with fewer contacts than degrees of freedom) but are effectively isostatic when including stabilizing quartic modes, which give rise to quartic scaling of the potential energy with displacements along these modes. While attractive disk and polymer packings are often considered hyperstatic with excess contacts over the isostatic number, we identify a definition for interparticle contacts for which they can also be considered as effectively isostatic. As a result, we show that the mechanical properties (e.g., scaling of the potential energy with excess contact number and low-frequency contribution to the density of vibrational modes) of weakly attractive disk and polymer packings are similar to those of isostatic repulsive disk and polymer packings. Our results demonstrate that static

关键词： Jamming Polymer folding Protein folding Single polymer chains

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Continuity Equation of Left Invariant Gauge Field in Quantum Genotype Of Deltacron

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Hannongbua, Supot Kanjamapornkul, Kabin Rungrotmongkol, Thanyada Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Biocatalyst and Environmental Biotechnology Research Unit Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate School Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand

The continuity equation for the invariant gauge field of Deltacron was investigated from the replication and recombination of Delta with Omicron. The new definition of left translation of the invariant gauge field in the quantum genotype of virus and host cell was introduced. The Yang-Mills field in genetic code is an induced curvature in the parallel transport of a unified field between hydrogen bonding between three types of biomolecules. where we defined the invariant gauge field in quantum genotype. This issue allows us to identify the Poincare duality between the nteraction between the behavior field of gene expression in parasitism state and in the curvature of connection in fiber space of Spike protein folding molecule. The Chern Simons current is the anti-self-dual state of mutation between two types of interactive behavior fields in The recombination process of Deltacron was used to plot the Yang-Mills curvature directly from the underlying genetic codes. Further analysis shows that the difference between the tensor correlation with various times of Deltacron the change slope of Omicron BA.1 to the flat curve of the network correlation and closedness centrality of amino acids in receptor binding domain of Spike protein. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gene expression

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Spectral neighbor joining for reconstruction of latent tree models

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Jaffe, Ariel Amsel, Noah Nadler, Boaz Chang, Joseph T. Kluger, Yuval Program in Applied Mathematics Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States Department of Computer Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot76100 Israel Department of Statistics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics New HavenCT06511 Singapore Department of Pathology New HavenCT06511 United States

A key assumption in multiple scientific applications is that the distribution of observed data can be modeled by a latent tree graphical model. An important example is phylogenetics, where the tree models the evolutionary lineages of various organisms. Given a set of independent realizations of the random variables at the leaves of the tree, a common task is to infer the underlying tree topology. In this work we develop Spectral Neighbor Joining (SNJ), a novel method to recover latent tree graphical models. In contrast to distance based methods, SNJ is based on a spectral measure of similarity between all pairs of observed variables. We prove that SNJ is consistent, and derive a sufficient condition for correct tree recovery from an estimated similarity matrix. Combining this condition with a concentration of measure result on the similarity matrix, we bound the number of samples required to recover the tree with high probability. We illustrate via extensive simulations that SNJ requires fewer samples to accurately recover trees in regimes where the tree contains a large number of leaves or long edges. We provide theoretical support for this observation by analyzing the model of a perfect binary tree. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Recovery

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EQTL AND MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF NB-LRR MEDIATED IMMUNITY TO POWDERY MILDEW

EQTL AND MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF NB-LRR MEDIATED IMMUNITY TO ...

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The 13th International Cereal Rusts and Powdery Mildews Conference(第13届国际禾谷类锈病与白粉病大会)

作者： Roger WISE Priyanka SURANA Greg FUERST Ruo XU Divya MISTRY Julie DICKERSON Dan NETTLETON Department of Statistics Iowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Center for Plant Responses to Environmental StressesIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011 Department of StatisticsIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate ProgramIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011USA Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate ProgramIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program Iowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011 Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyCenter for Plant Responses to Environmental StressesIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Center for Plant Responses to Environmental StressesIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program Iowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011 Crop and Insect GeneticsGenomicsand Informatics Research UnitU.S.Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research ServiceIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011 Crop and Insect Genetics Genomicsand Informatics Research UnitU.S.Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research ServiceIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011

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METTL4 is an snRNA m6 Am methyltransferase that regulates RNA splicing

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细胞研究（英文版） 2020年第6期30卷 544-547页

作者： Hao Chen Lei Gu Esteban A.Orellana Yuanyuan Wang Jiaojiao Guo Qi Liu Longfei Wang Zhangfei Shen Hao Wu Richard I.Gregory Yi Xing Yang Shi Division of Newborn Medicine and Program in Epigenetics Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School 300 Longwood AvenueBoston MA 02115 USA Stem Cell Program Division of Hematology/Oncology Boston Children's Hospital Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical SchoolBoston MA 02115 USA Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Graduate Program University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095USA College of Science Northeastern University 360 Huntington Ave. Boston MA 02115 USA Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA 02115 USA Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA Division of Newborn Medicine and Program in Epigenetics Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School 300 Longwood AvenueBoston MA 02115 USA Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA 02115 USA Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia PA 19104 USA

Dear Editor, Protein coding mRNAs and non-coding RNAs are extensively modified by chemical modifications,1 including methylation of the N6 position of adenosine (m6A).2 While mRNA internal m6A methylation is mediated by METTL3 and METTL14, which are members of the MT-A70 family,2 N6-methylation of cap-adjacent N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am) is catalyzed by PCIF1.3-6 Non-coding RNAs are also m6Am methylated internally,7 but the corresponding enzyme remains *** we provide evidence that METTL4 mediates internal m6Am methylation of U2 small nuclear RNA (snRNA).

关键词： Epigenetics RNA modification RNA splicing

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Spectral Top-Down Recovery of Latent Tree Models

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Aizenbud, Yariv Jaffe, Ariel Wang, Meng Hu, Amber Amsel, Noah Nadler, Boaz Chang, Joseph T. Kluger, Yuval Program in Applied Mathematics Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States Department of Computer Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot76100 Israel Department of Statistics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States Department of Pathology Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States

Modeling the distribution of high dimensional data by a latent tree graphical model is a prevalent approach in multiple scientific domains. A common task is to infer the underlying tree structure, given only observations of its terminal nodes. Many algorithms for tree recovery are computationally intensive, which limits their applicability to trees of moderate size. For large trees, a common approach, termed divide-and-conquer, is to recover the tree structure in two steps. First, recover the structure separately of multiple, possibly random subsets of the terminal nodes. Second, merge the resulting subtrees to form a full tree. Here, we develop Spectral Top-Down Recovery (STDR), a deterministic divide-and-conquer approach to infer large latent tree models. Unlike previous methods, STDR partitions the terminal nodes in a non random way, based on the Fiedler vector of a suitable Laplacian matrix related to the observed nodes. We prove that under certain conditions, this partitioning is consistent with the tree structure. This, in turn, leads to a significantly simpler merging procedure of the small subtrees. We prove that STDR is statistically consistent and bound the number of samples required to accurately recover the tree with high probability. Using simulated data from several common tree models in phylogenetics, we demonstrate that STDR has a significant advantage in terms of runtime, with improved or similar accuracy. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Recovery

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Functional annotation of chemical libraries across diverse biological processes (vol 13, pg 982, 2017)

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NATURE CHEMICAL biology 2017年第12期13卷 1286-1286页

作者： Piotrowski, Jeff S. Li, Sheena C. Deshpande, Raamesh Simpkins, Scott W. Nelson, Justin Yashiroda, Yoko Barber, Jacqueline M. Safizadeh, Hamid Wilson, Erin Okada, Hiroki Gebre, Abraham A. Kubo, Karen Torres, Nikko P. LeBlanc, Marissa A. Andrusiak, Kerry Okamoto, Reika Yoshimura, Mami DeRango-Adem, Eva van Leeuwen, Jolanda Shirahige, Katsuhiko Baryshnikova, Anastasia Brown, Grant W. Hirano, Hiroyuki Costanzo, Michael Andrews, Brenda Ohya, Yoshikazu Osada, Hiroyuki Yoshida, Minoru Myers, Chad L. Boone, Charles RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Wako Saitama Japan Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota USA Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota USA Department of Integrated Biosciences Graduate School of Frontier Sciences University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba Japan Donnelly Centre University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences Center for Epigenetic Disease University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA Department of Biochemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.

Chemical-genetic approaches offer the potential for unbiased functional annotation of chemical libraries. Mutations can alter the response of cells in the presence of a compound, revealing chemical-genetic interactions that can elucidate a compound’s mode of action. We developed a highly parallel, unbiased yeast chemical-genetic screening system involving three key components. First, in a drug-sensitive genetic background, we constructed an optimized diagnostic mutant collection that is predictive for all major yeast biological processes. Second, we implemented a multiplexed (768-plex) barcode-sequencing protocol, enabling the assembly of thousands of chemical-genetic profiles. Finally, based on comparison of the chemical-genetic profiles with a compendium of genome-wide genetic interaction profiles, we predicted compound functionality. Applying this high-throughput approach, we screened seven different compound libraries and annotated their functional diversity. We further validated biological process predictions, prioritized a diverse set of compounds, and identified compounds that appear to have dual modes of action.

关键词： Chemical genetics High-throughput screening Networks and systems biology Target identification

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