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Corrigendum to "Target-specific near-IR induced drug release and photothermal therapy with accumulated Au/Ag hollow nanoshells on pulmonary cancer cell membranes" [Biomaterials 45 (2015) 81-92]

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Biomaterials 2015年 65卷 124-125页

作者： Mi Suk Noh Somin Lee Homan Kang Jin-Kyoung Yang Hyunmi Lee Doyk Hwang Jong Woo Lee Sinyoung Jeong Yoonjeong Jang Bong-Hyun Jun Dae Hong Jeong Seong Keun Kim Yoon-Sik Lee Myung-Haing Cho Laboratory of Toxicology College of Veterinary Medicine Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea Program in Nano Science and Technology Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea Medical Supplies Evaluation Center Korea Testing Certification Gunpo 435-862 Republic of Korea. Graduate Group of Tumor Biology Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea. Interdisciplinary Program in Nano-Science and Technology Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea. School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea. Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea. Department of Chemistry Education Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea. Laboratory of Toxicology College of Veterinary Medicine Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea. Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul 143-701 Republic of Korea. Department of Chemistry Education Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea. School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yslee@snu.ac.kr. Graduate Group of Tumor Biology Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology Seoul National University Suwon 443-270 Republic of Korea. Electronic address: mchotox@snu.ac.kr.

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MO-FG-303-04: A Smartphone Application for Automated Mechanical Quality Assurance of Medical Accelerators

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Medical Physics 2015年第6PART29期42卷 3567-3567页

作者： H Kim H Lee K Choi S Ye Interdisciplinary Program in Radiation applied Life Science College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences Department of Transdisciplinary Studies Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Radiation Oncology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea

Purpose: The mechanical quality assurance (QA) of medical accelerators consists of a time consuming series of procedures. Since most of the procedures are done manually – e.g., checking gantry rotation angle with the naked eye using a level attached to the gantry –, it is considered to be a process with high potential for human errors. To remove the possibilities of human errors and reduce the procedure duration, we developed a smartphone application for automated mechanical QA. Methods: The preparation for the automated process was done by attaching a smartphone to the gantry facing upward. For the assessments of gantry and collimator angle indications, motion sensors (gyroscope, accelerator, and magnetic field sensor) embedded in the smartphone were used. For the assessments of jaw position indicator, cross-hair centering, and optical distance indicator (ODI), an optical-image processing module using a picture taken by the high-resolution camera embedded in the smartphone was implemented. The application was developed with the Android software development kit (SDK) and OpenCV library. Results: The system accuracies in terms of angle detection error and length detection error were < 0.1° and < 1 mm, respectively. The mean absolute error for gantry and collimator rotation angles were 0.03° and 0.041°, respectively. The mean absolute error for the measured light field size was 0.067 cm. Conclusion: The automated system we developed can be used for the mechanical QA of medical accelerators with proven accuracy. For more convenient use of this application, the wireless communication module is under development. This system has a strong potential for the automation of the other QA procedures such as light/radiation field coincidence and couch translation/rotations.

关键词： Medical accelerators Quality assurance Kinematics Collimators Magnetic field sensors Gyroscope motion Cameras Field size Movement sensors

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Radiation dose reduction in CBCT imaging using K-edge filtering and energy weighting

Radiation dose reduction in CBCT imaging using K-edge filter...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Se-Ryong Kang Woo-Jin Lee Sang-Yoon Woo Dae-Seung Kim Won-Jin Yi Department of Biomedical Radiation Sciences Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University Interdisciplinary Program in Radiation Applied Life Science College of Medicine Seoul National University Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology School of Dentistry Seoul National University Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology School of Dentistry and the Department of Biomedical Radiation Sciences Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University

ISBN: (纸本)9781424479276

This paper presents K-edge filtering and energy weighting methods which enhance the contrast with less radiation does. Usually, energy weighting methods are used with photon-counting detector based CT for each energy bin data obtained to enhance the quality of image. However, we used these methods combine with K-edge filtering in energy-integrating detector. Using K-edge filtering, different energy bin data for energy weighting methods were obtained, and then energy weighting factors were calculated to enhance the contrast of image. We report an evaluation of the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of reconstructed image with and without these two methods. This evaluation was proceeded with two phantoms;one is the phantom created personally, and the other is Sendentexct IQ dental CBCT (SENDENTEXCT, EU). As for the phantom created personally, the CNR of images reconstructed with these methods were increased than CNR of standard images. It was seen that 31% to 81% in each energy weighting method for optimizing each material (cortical bone, inner bone, soft tissue, iodine (18.5g/l), iodine (37g/l)). In conclusion, we can enhance the contrast of CT images with less radiation dose using K-edge filtering and energy weighting method.

关键词： Computed tomography Image reconstruction Materials Filtering Dentistry Bones

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Material Classification of Multi-energy CT images Using Multiple Discriminant Analysis

Material Classification of Multi-energy CT images Using Mult...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Woo-Jin Lee Dae-Seung Kim Se-Ryong Kang Sang-Yoon Woo Won-Jin Yi Interdisciplinary Program in Radiation Applied Life Science major College of Medicine Seoul National University Dental Research Seoul National University Department of Biomedical Radiation Sciences Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology School of Dentistry Seoul National University

ISBN: (纸本)9781424479276

Energy resolved photon-counting detectors could achieve more than one spectral measurement. The goal of this study is to investigate, with experiment, the ability to decompose five materials using energy discriminating detectors and multiple discriminant analysis (MDA). A small field-of-view multi-energy CT system was built. Linear attenuation coefficient was considered as features of multiple energy CT. MDA was used to decompose five materials with six measurements of the energy dependent linear attenuation coefficients. The results of the experimental study showed that a CT system based on CdTe detectors with MDA can be used to decompose five materials.

关键词： Materials Computed tomography Detectors X-ray imaging Photonics Attenuation Educational institutions

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SU-E-T-30: Absorbed Doses Determined by Texture Analysis of Gafchromic EBT3 Films Using Scanning Electron Microscopy: A Feasibility Study

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Medical Physics 2014年第6PART11期41卷 228-228页

作者： S Park H Kim S Ye Interdisciplinary Program in Radiation Applied Life Science Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Department of Radiation Oncology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences Department of Transdisciplinary Studies Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University Suwon Korea

Purpose: The texture analysis method is useful to estimate structural features of images as color, size, and shape. The study aims to determine a dose-response curve by texture analysis of Gafchromic EBT3 film images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methods: The uncoated Gafchromic EBT3 films were prepared to directly scan over the active surface layer of EBT3 film using SEM. The EBT3 films were exposed at a dose range of 0 to 10 Gy using a 6 MV photon beam. The exposed film samples were SEM-scanned at 100X, 1000X, and 3000X magnifications. The four texture features (Homogeneity, Correlation, Contrast, and Energy) were calculated based on the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) derived from the SEM images at each dose. To validate a correlation between delivered doses and texture features, an R-squared value in linear regression was tested. Results: The results showed that the Correlation index was more suitable as dose indices than the other three texture features due to higher linearity and sensitivity of the dose response curves. Further the Correlation index of 3000X magnified SEM images with 9 pixel offsets had an R-squared value of 0.964. The differences between the delivered doses and the doses measured by this method were 0.9, 1.2, 0.2, and 0.2 Gy at 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy, respectively. Conclusion: It seems to be feasible to convert micro-scale structural features of χ t χχχ he EBT3 films to absorbed doses using the texture analysis method.

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy Thin film structure Image color analysis Photons Rough surfaces Linear regression

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Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls

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Scientific data 2017年第1期4卷 170179页

作者： Jason Flannick Christian Fuchsberger Anubha Mahajan Tanya M Teslovich Vineeta Agarwala Kyle J Gaulton Lizz Caulkins Ryan Koesterer Clement Ma Loukas Moutsianas Davis J McCarthy Manuel A Rivas John R B Perry Xueling Sim Thomas W Blackwell Neil R Robertson N William Rayner Pablo Cingolani Adam E Locke Juan Fernandez Tajes Heather M Highland Josee Dupuis Peter S Chines Cecilia M Lindgren Christopher Hartl Anne U Jackson Han Chen Jeroen R Huyghe Martijn van de Bunt Richard D Pearson Ashish Kumar Martina Müller-Nurasyid Niels Grarup Heather M Stringham Eric R Gamazon Jaehoon Lee Yuhui Chen Robert A Scott Jennifer E Below Peng Chen Jinyan Huang Min Jin Go Michael L Stitzel Dorota Pasko Stephen C J Parker Tibor V Varga Todd Green Nicola L Beer Aaron G Day-Williams Teresa Ferreira Tasha Fingerlin Momoko Horikoshi Cheng Hu Iksoo Huh Mohammad Kamran Ikram Bong-Jo Kim Yongkang Kim Young Jin Kim Min-Seok Kwon Juyoung Lee Selyeong Lee Keng-Han Lin Taylor J Maxwell Yoshihiko Nagai Xu Wang Ryan P Welch Joon Yoon Weihua Zhang Nir Barzilai Benjamin F Voight Bok-Ghee Han Christopher P Jenkinson Teemu Kuulasmaa Johanna Kuusisto Alisa Manning Maggie C Y Ng Nicholette D Palmer Beverley Balkau Alena Stančáková Hanna E Abboud Heiner Boeing Vilmantas Giedraitis Dorairaj Prabhakaran Omri Gottesman James Scott Jason Carey Phoenix Kwan George Grant Joshua D Smith Benjamin M Neale Shaun Purcell Adam S Butterworth Joanna M M Howson Heung Man Lee Yingchang Lu Soo-Heon Kwak Wei Zhao John Danesh Vincent K L Lam Kyong Soo Park Danish Saleheen Wing Yee So Claudia H T Tam Uzma Afzal David Aguilar Rector Arya Tin Aung Edmund Chan Carmen Navarro Ching-Yu Cheng Domenico Palli Adolfo Correa Joanne E Curran Dennis Rybin Vidya S Farook Sharon P Fowler Barry I Freedman Michael Griswold Daniel Esten Hale Pamela J Hicks Chiea-Chuen Khor Satish Kumar Benjamin Lehne Dorothée Thuillier Wei Yen Lim Jianjun Liu Marie Loh Solomon K Musani Sobha Puppala William R Scott Loïc Yengo Sian-Tsung Tan Herman A Taylor Farook Thameem Gregory Wilson Tien Yin Wong Pål Rasmu Department of Molecular Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA. Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute Cambridge Massachusetts USA. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA. Department of Statistics University of Oxford Oxford UK. Genetics of Complex Traits University of Exeter Medical School University of Exeter Exeter UK. MRC Epidemiology Unit Institute of Metabolic Science University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology King's College London London UK. Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK. Department of Human Genetics Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton Cambridgeshire UK. School of Computer Science McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada. McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre Montreal Quebec Canada. Human Genetics Center The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas USA. Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study Framingham Massachusetts USA. Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA. Department of Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA. Chronic Disease Epidemiology Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute University of Basel Basel Switzerland. Institute of Genetic Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum München German R

To investigate the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) to high resolution, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia catalogued variation from whole-genome sequencing of 2,657 European individuals and exome sequencing of 12,940 individuals of multiple ancestries. Over 27M SNPs, indels, and structural variants were identified, including 99% of low-frequency (minor allele frequency [MAF] 0.1-5%) non-coding variants in the whole-genome sequenced individuals and 99.7% of low-frequency coding variants in the whole-exome sequenced individuals. Each variant was tested for association with T2D in the sequenced individuals, and, to increase power, most were tested in larger numbers of individuals (>80% of low-frequency coding variants in ~82 K Europeans via the exome chip, and ~90% of low-frequency non-coding variants in ~44 K Europeans via genotype imputation). The variants, genotypes, and association statistics from these analyses provide the largest reference to date of human genetic information relevant to T2D, for use in activities such as T2D-focused genotype imputation, functional characterization of variants or genes, and other novel analyses to detect associations between sequence variation and T2D.

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SU-E-E-04: Automated Analysis of Quality Assurance Phantom Scan Image in Functional Lung CT Study by Using Simulated CT Imaging Technique

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Medical Physics 2013年第6PART4期40卷 118-118页

作者： C Heo Z Yang J Kim Interdisciplinary Program of Radiation Applied Life Science College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Rep. Korea Department of Intelligent Convergence Systems Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University Suwon Rep. Korea Department of Radiology College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Rep. Korea

Purpose: Quality assurance is of crucial importance in functional lung studies and yet requires time consuming manual measurements on phantom scan images. We present an automated method for analyzing CT scan images of quality assurance phantom. Methods: COPDgene™ quality assurance phantom was scanned in 4 commercial scanners (Discovery750, GE, Sensation16, Siemens, Ingenuity, Philips, Aquillion One, Toshiba) with 45 different combinations of mAs, reconstruction kernels and display FOV. In addition, simulated CT images were generated by using geometric and attenuation properties of design sheet of phantom and applying projection and filtered backprojection algorithms. In order to mimic real CT images, filter kernels were derived from measured MTFs of the CT scanners. Rigid image registration technique was used to find best matching translation and rotation parameters between simulated and real CT scan images, followed by measurements of FWHM and ROI statistic for the known positions and sizes of artificial airways and simulated lung foam materials. Results: Image registration was performed successfully in all CT scan images, yielding rotation and translation parameters within accuracy range less than 0.8 mm. FWHM measurements were extracted for 14 holes and 6 tubes ranging 2mm ∼ 10mm in diameter. Discrepancies between measured FWHM and ground truth value ranged from 0.02 ∼ 1.5mm. Conclusion: Proposed method could successfully recognize locations and types of objects in the quality assurance phantom, and thereby carrying out measurements required for the quality assurance procedure. This technique has the potential to improve quality of functional lung CT studies.

关键词： Computed tomography Medical imaging Quality assurance Medical image quality Lungs Image analysis Image registration Time measurement Germanium Image scanners

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SU-E-J-140: Dual-Gated Radiotherapy with PTV Partition Technique: A Feasibility Study

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Medical Physics 2013年第6PART8期40卷 183-183页

作者： H Kim K Choi S Ye Interdisciplinary Program in Radiation Applied Life Science Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Biomedical Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea Institute of Radiation Medicine Seoul National University Medical Research Center Seoul Korea Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences Department of Transdisciplinary Studies Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University Suwon Korea Department of Radiation Oncology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea

Purpose: Dual-gated radiotherapy is a promising method to reduce overall treatment time in which a dose is delivered at inhale and exhale phases. However, problems still remain associated with the phase shift and the target motion artifact. Dual-gated method deals with both phases — inhale and exhale, hence the delivered dose uncertainties due to the residual motion may be doubled. In order to account for these uncertainties, we applied PTV partition technique to dual-gated radiotherapy method. Methods: An IMRT plan for a lung cancer patient was optimized in Eclipse TPS at exhale phase. The PTV on the exhale CT was partitioned into three regions along the superior-inferior axis; head, mid, and tail region. The dose distribution on PTV was reformed as follows: a) no dose is given to the head region, b) a gradient dose (zero to the prescription dose) is given to the mid region, and c) a hundred percent of prescription dose is given to the tail region. The reformed exhale phase dose distribution and structures were deformed to the inhale phase CT using MIM software. Thereafter the dose distribution on PTV at inhale phase was reformed in order that complement of the prescription dose is given to each region. Results: The dose-volume histogram for PTV in the dual-gated plan with partitioned PTV was comparable to that in the conventional gating plan while the presented technique gives robustness to the residual motion. Conclusion: The proposed method using the PTV partition technique is promising to assess dose uncertainties due to the phase shift and the target motion artifact. Further assessment of the robustness to the residual motion by experiments using thorax phantom is warranted in this regard.

关键词： Dosimetry Radiation therapy Cancer Intensity modulated radiation therapy Lungs

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SU-E-J-99: Utilizing CT Dual DFOV in Treatment Planning System

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Medical Physics 2013年第6PART8期40卷 173-173页

作者： HyunSeok Lee Jung-in Kim Wonmo Sung Jong In Park Sung-Joon Ye Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences Department of Transdisciplinary Studies Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University Seoul Korea Biomedical Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea Institute of Radiation Medicine Seoul National University Medical Research Center Seoul Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Radiation Applied Life Science Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Department of Radiation Oncology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea

Purpose: Typically, a Display Field of View (DFOV) parameter is set to accommodate the wide part of anatomy in the scan, which is the shoulder in head and neck (HN) cases. The dual DFOV can make use of two image resolutions in one CT set. However, the Eclipse™ treatment planning system (TPS) accepts only the larger DFOV when reconstructing the body volume and thus particularly reduces in-plane resolution of the head region. In this study, we developed a method to preserve the original resolution of head CT images. Methods: The anthromorphic phantom was scanned from head to shoulder using the GE LightSpeed RT16 CT by applying small and large DFOV to head and shoulder region, respectively. Our in-house software enables dual DFOV CT images to be entered into Eclipse™ TPS. Basically, the software converts the pixel size of head CT images from 512 × 512 to 1024 × 1024 by expanding the DFOV outside. Results: The original and processed CT sets were loaded by Eclipse™ TPS and the differences were analyzed. Processed CT images showed two times better resolution than original CT images in head region. Distinguishing target and OAR in processed CT images is also clearer than before. We also confirmed that the mean percentage difference of CT numbers before and after processing was negligible for total phantom volume of the head region except steep gradient region which CT number changes drastically. Conclusion: The advantage of dual DFOV images was fully taken in the Eclipse™ TPS. In treatment planning, defining target and organ at risk which is the most important part for accurate treatment can be improved using high resolution dual DFOV CT images.

关键词： Computed tomography Medical imaging Medical treatment planning Anatomy Germanium

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Application of CT simulation technique for virtual ultra-low-dose trial in CT colonography

Application of CT simulation technique for virtual ultra-low...

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4th International Workshop on Computational and Clinical Applications in Abdominal Imaging, Held in Conjunction with the 15th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2012

作者： Kim, Chang Won Kim, Jong Hyo Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering Seoul National University College of Engineering San 56-1 Sillim-dong Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 Korea Republic of Department of Radiology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul 110-744 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Radiation Applied Life Science Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul 110-744 Korea Republic of Institute of Radiation Medicine Seoul National University Medical Research Center 101 Daehangno Jongno-gu Seoul 110-744 Korea Republic of Department of Intelligent Convergence Systems Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University 864-1 Iui-dong Yeongtong-gu Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 443-270 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9783642336119

A low-dose CT simulation technique is presented which might allow for a virtual ultra-low-dose trial in CT colonography without requiring raw sinogram data. A virtual sinogram is generated by performing the line integral of the CT number-based attenuation value with use of the CT scan parameters available in the DICOM header and in the literature. A separate noise sinogram is generated with use of a noise model, which incorporates the X-ray photon flux depending on the mAs, system electronic noise, and virtual sinogram. A synthetic noise CT image is generated by application of the filtered back projection of the noise sinogram with use of an appropriate filter that depends on the reconstruction kernel of the original CT. Finally, a simulated low-dose CT image is generated by addition of the CT data for the synthetic noise to the original CT data. Clinical CT colonography images with and without fecal tagging were used as simulation input and 50%, 25%, and 12.5% dose images were generated and evaluated. Our results suggest that the proposed CT simulation technique has potential for application in virtual ultra-low-dose trial in CT colonography in which an unlimited number of scan protocols could be performed without repetition of the real CT exposure to the patients. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Computerized tomography

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