A divacancy (DV) is one of the most abundant and most important defects in irradiated graphene, which modifies electronic and chemical properties of graphene. In this paper, we present ab initio calculations to study ...
A divacancy (DV) is one of the most abundant and most important defects in irradiated graphene, which modifies electronic and chemical properties of graphene. In this paper, we present ab initio calculations to study the dynamics and stability of DVs in graphene. Divacancies in graphene have various reconstructed structures, such as triple pentagon-triple heptagon (555-777) and pentagon-octagon-pentagon (5-8-5) patterns. A direct observation of the structural transformations between these reconstructions was recorded in transmission electron microscope images reported by Girit et al. in science 323, 1705 (2009). We clarify the atomic structures of DVs observed in the experiment and investigate the atomic processes and energetics for the observed dynamical motions in great detail. It is found that a series of Stone–Wales-type transformations are responsible for the migration and structural transformations of DVs and that a pentagon-heptagon-heptagon-pentagon (5-7-7-5) defect appearing as an intermediate structure during the dynamical process plays an important role in the transformations of DVs.
Localized and propagating plasmonic effects in noble-metal nanostructures are receiving worldwide attention as potential enabling principles for optical and electro-optic devices. A critical need in plasmonic device d...
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Localized and propagating plasmonic effects in noble-metal nanostructures are receiving worldwide attention as potential enabling principles for optical and electro-optic devices. A critical need in plasmonic device design is a general technique for active modulation of the plasmon response. In this paper, we describe the use of a reversible, solid-solid phase transition in VO 2 to modulate plasmonic response. Case studies are drawn from experiments on nano structured hole and particle arrays in which VO 2 acts as a modulator by altering the local dielectric constant.
Formal MOT (management of technology) education programs have boomed in the past year after a long period of fermentation. The coming of MOT education provides an additional approach for Japanese firms and industries ...
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Formal MOT (management of technology) education programs have boomed in the past year after a long period of fermentation. The coming of MOT education provides an additional approach for Japanese firms and industries to revitalize their global competitive advantages that have eroded in the past ten years. This paper analyzes the back-ground of this phenomenon and explores basic driving forces behind it. On the one hand, firms and industry have need for creative professionals in identifying opportunities in emerging technology, planning proper projects and leading timely actions for selected targets; on the other hand, government has a strong desire to create dynamic venturing business by supporting suitable education programs for supplying needed talents. Japan is experiencing a fundamental paradigm shift from technology follower to front-runner in many industries. Firms operating in the new paradigm require workers with different capabilities than those demanded in the previous paradigm. However, the current education system for technology management has failed to provide the requisite creativity and leadership. Needed today are leaders who can generate creative product concepts, formulate strategies to realize those concepts, and implement the chosen strategy; these are the so-called "techno-producers", the concept of which was proposed earlier by Kameoka. Under most circumstances, these key persons do not appear spontaneously. Rather an education system that provides formal training in management is needed to systematically supply these innovators, who later may become techno-producers, especially in high-tech and high-growth industries.
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