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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhou, Xinyu Li, Yang Zhao, Jun ERI@N Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore

Semantic communication (SemCom), regarded as the evolution of the traditional Shannon’s communication model, stresses the transmission of semantic information instead of the data itself. Federated learning (FL), owing to its distributed learning and privacy-preserving properties, has received attention from both academia and industry. In this paper, we introduce a system that integrates FL and SemCom, which is called FedSem. We have also proposed an optimization problem related to resource allocation for this system. The objective of this problem is to minimize the energy consumption and delay of FL, as well as the transmission energy of SemCom, while maximizing the accuracy of the model trained through FL. The channel access scheme is Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA). The optimization variables include the binary (0-1) subcarrier allocation indicator, the transmission power of each device on specific subcarriers, the computational frequency of each participating device, and the compression rate for SemCom. To tackle this complex problem, we propose a resource allocation algorithm that decomposes the original problem into more tractable subproblems. By employing convex optimization techniques, we transform the non-convex problem into convex forms, ensuring tractability and solution effectiveness. Our approach includes a detailed analysis of time complexity and convergence, proving the practicality of the algorithm. Numerical experiments validate the effectiveness of our approach, showing superior performance of our algorithm in various scenarios compared to baseline methods. Hence, our solution is useful for enhancing the operational efficiency of FedSem systems, offering significant potential for real-world applications. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Federated learning

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Zero-to-Strong Generalization: Eliciting Strong Capabilities of Large Language Models Iteratively without Gold Labels 31

Zero-to-Strong Generalization: Eliciting Strong Capabilities...

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31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： Liu, Chaoqun Chao, Qin Zhang, Wenxuan Wu, Xiaobao Li, Boyang Luu, Anh Tuan Bing, Lidong Alibaba-NTU Global e-Sustainability CorpLab Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme NTU Singapore Nanyang Technological University Singapore DAMO Academy Alibaba Group Singapore Hupan Lab Hangzhou310023 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761964

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance through supervised fine-tuning or in-context learning using gold labels. However, this paradigm is limited by the availability of gold labels, while in certain scenarios, LLMs may need to perform tasks that are too complex for humans to provide such labels. To tackle this challenge, this study explores whether solely utilizing unlabeled data can elicit strong model capabilities. We propose a new paradigm termed zero-to-strong generalization. We iteratively prompt LLMs to annotate unlabeled data and retain high-quality labels by filtering. Surprisingly, we obverse that this iterative process gradually unlocks LLMs' potential on downstream tasks. Our experiments on extensive classification and reasoning tasks confirm the effectiveness of our proposed framework. Our analysis indicates that this paradigm is effective for both in-context learning and fine-tuning, and for various model sizes. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Resource Allocation of Federated Learning-Assisted Mobile Augmented Reality Systems in the Metaverse via Uplink and Downlink NOMA

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Zhou, Xinyu Li, Yang Zhao, Jun Nanyang Technological University College of Computing and Data Science Singapore Nanyang Technological University Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme Singapore

Metaverse has become a buzzword recently. Mobile augmented reality (MAR) is a promising approach to providing users with an immersive experience in the Metaverse. However, due to limitations of bandwidth, latency, and computational resources, MAR cannot yet be applied on a large scale in the Metaverse. Moreover, federated learning, with its privacy-preserving characteristics, has emerged as a prospective distributed learning framework in the future Metaverse world. This paper proposes a federated learning-assisted MAR system via non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for the Metaverse. Additionally, to optimize a weighted sum of energy and model accuracy, a resource allocation algorithm is devised by setting appropriate transmission power, CPU frequency, and video frame resolution in the uplink and downlink NOMA for each user. Besides, time complexity and convergence analysis of the resource allocation algorithm are provided. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm achieves an overall good performance from the following three aspects: 1) under different system parameters, 2) comparisons with baseline algorithms, and 3) adjustment of the weight parameter to balance accuracy and energy consumption. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Local Ratio based Real-time Job Offloading and Resource Allocation in Mobile Edge Computing

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Gao, Chuanchao Easwaran, Arvind College of Computing and Data Science Energy Research Institute @ NTU Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme Nanyang Technological University Singapore

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) has emerged as a promising paradigm enabling vehicles to handle computation-intensive and time-sensitive applications for intelligent transportation. Due to the limited resources in MEC, effective resource management is crucial for improving system performance. While existing studies mostly focus on the job offloading problem and assume that job resource demands are fixed and given apriori, the joint consideration of job offloading (selecting the edge server for each job) and resource allocation (determining the bandwidth and computation resources for offloading and processing) remains underexplored. This paper addresses the joint problem for deadline-constrained jobs in MEC with both communication and computation resource constraints, aiming to maximize the total utility gained from jobs. To tackle this problem, we propose an approximation algorithm, IDAssign, with an approximation bound of 16 , and experimentally evaluate the performance of IDAssign by comparing it to state-of-the-art heuristics using a real-world taxi trace and object detection applications. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Computation offloading

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The use of an oxidized carbon nanotube film to control Zn deposition and eliminate dendrite formation in a Zn ion battery

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新型炭材料(中英文) 2025年第1期40卷 154-166页

作者： LI Pin-xiang YI Zhe-han WANG Ye-xing HE Chang LIANG Ji HOU Feng Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme-Collaborative Initiative Graduate CollegeNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Electronic Materials and Advanced Instrumentation Tianjin 300072China

Aqueous zinc ion batteries are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy stor-age due to their high safety,cost-effectiveness,and environ-mental ***,uncontrolled zinc dendrite growth and side reactions of the zinc anode decrease the sta-bility of Zn *** report the synthesis of an air-oxid-ized carbon nanotube(O-CNT)film by chemical vapor de-position followed by heat treatment in air which is used as a protective layer on the Zn foil to suppress zinc dendrite *** increase in the hydrophilicity of the O-CNT film caused by air oxidation facilitates zinc deposition between the film and the anode instead of deposition on the film *** porous structure of the O-CNT film homogenizes the Zn^(2+)ion flux and the electric field on the surface of the Zn foil,leading to the uniform deposition of *** a result,a O-CNT@Zn symmetric cell has a much better cycling stability with a life of more than 3000 h at 1 mA cm^(−2) with a capacity of 1 mAh cm^(−2),and values of more than 2000 h and 1 mAh cm^(−2) at 5 mA cm^(−2).In addition,a O-CNT@Zn||Mn^(2+)inserted hydrated vanadium pentoxide(MnVOH)full cell has a better rate per-formance than a Zn||MnVOH cell,achieving a high discharge capacity of 194 mAh g^(−1) at a high current density of 8 A g^(−1).In a long-term cycling test,the O-CNT@Zn||MnVOH full cell has a capacity retention of 58.8%after 2000 cycles at a current density of 5 A·g^(−1).

关键词： Carbon nanotubes Zn metal anodes Dendrite-free Hydrophilic Surface functionalization

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VR-Fi: Positioning and Recognizing Hand Gestures via VR-embedded Wi-Fi Sensing

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年

作者： Wang, Hongbo Li, Xin Li, Jiachun Zhu, Haojin Luo, Jun Collaborative InitiativeInterdisciplinary Graduate Programme 639798 Singapore College of Computing and Data Science 639798 Singapore Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai200240 China

Accurate gesture-based interactions are crucial for enhancing the immersive experience in VR (virtual reality) systems;they in turn necessitate gesture positioning and recognition in physical world. However, existing VR gesture recognition methods are predominantly vision-based, incurring high computational demands and raising privacy concerns. Meanwhile, Wi-Fi-based gesture recognition methods, deemed as promising complement to vision-based ones, typically lack gesture positioning capabilities. To this end, we propose VR-Fi, a gesture positioning and recognition system leveraging VR(-headset)-embedded Wi-Fi. To position gestures across different areas, VR-Fi innovates in a frequency-hopping bandwidth expansion (FHBE) technique to improve spatial resolution for locating a target. Additionally, VR-Fi innovates in neural models to process the FHBE-enhanced Wi-Fi CSI (channel state information) and enable the multi-task requirements of the joint positioning and recognition of hand gestures. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that VR-Fi achieves a positioning accuracy of 94.47%, a recognition accuracy of 92.13%, and a joint accuracy of 89.47%. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency hopping

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Power Characterization of a 1200-V/800-V 22-kVA 30-kHz Unity-Gain Dual-Active-Bridge Converter Prototype

Power Characterization of a 1200-V/800-V 22-kVA 30-kHz Unity...

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Annual IEEE Conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

作者： Radhika Sarda Abishek Sethupandi Madasamy Palavesha Thevar Howe Li Yeo Praveenkumar Palani Vaisambhayana B. Sriram Anshuman Tripathi Energy Research Institute at NTU Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme Nanyang Technological University Singapore Amperesand Singapore Energy Research Institute at NTU Nanyang Technological University Singapore

ISBN: (数字)9798331516116

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516123

Dual-active-bridge (DAB) converters are crucial for enabling high-frequency operation and providing isolation in applications such as solid-state transformers (SSTs). While unity-gain DAB converters, with input and output voltages matched, are theoretically expected to achieve high efficiency across all power levels with inherent zero-voltage switching (ZVS) ability, the increased stored energies in the device output capacitance (C oss ) reduce efficiency at low loading conditions because of incomplete ZVS (iZVS). Triple-phase shift modulation provides an opportunity for efficiency improvement and is widely studied for non-unity gain DAB converters. The calculation of duty cycles for TPS scheme in existing literature cannot be applied directly for unity-gain DAB converters. This article aims to provide a simple formula for calculation of duty cycles to ensure minimum peak current for unity-gain DAB converters. The proposed calculation of duty ratios is evaluated experimentally with a 1200-V/800-V 22-kVA 30-kHz DAB converter prototype offering up to 10% improvement of efficiency at light loads and ensuring ZVS at all power levels.

关键词： Impedance matching Loading Modulation Prototypes Zero voltage switching Capacitance Transformers Power electronics Inductors Load modeling

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Laser assisted phase transformation of carbon-based transition metal oxide electrode for high-performance supercapacitor application

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Mingzhen Xiu Jianghong Zhang Yu Lu Xun Cao Kang Huang Siyu Zhu Bowei Zhang Yu Liang Chunwang Zhao Junsheng Wu Yizhong Huang School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Energy Research Institute Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme Nanyang Technological University Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment Agency for Science Technology and ResearchSingapore Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Materials Science and Technology Shenyang University of Chemical Technology School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy Foshan University

Transitional metal oxides have a wide range of applications due to their superior *** enhanced performance of metal oxide relies on their desirable oxidation states,which is challenging to achieve and requires complex *** study demonstrates a facile strategy enabling rapid phase transformation of transition metal *** approach involves synthesis of a tetragonal Mn3O4/carbon cloth composite using the liquid plasma discharge deposition （LPDD） technique,followed by laser irradiation with the presence of ethylene glycol under an N2gas *** resulting face-centered cubic MnO/carbon cloth electrode exhibits an excellent capacitance of 1,125 F g-1at 2 A g-1,with remarkable capacitance retention of 95%after10,000 *** approach can be extended to other transition metals including Co,Cu,Cr,Fe,Ni,and *** simulations reveal the significance of ethylene glycol and the underlying mechanism associated with the phase transformation of transition metal *** present study offers a powerful technique for the phase transformation of transition metal oxide which can guide the development of new electrode materials with enhanced electrochemical properties for high-performance energy storage applications.

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Catalytic ring-strain release toward a facial and efficient synthesis of versatile C-glycosides

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第7期36卷

作者： Zhang, Yuhan Zhang, Xiao-Lin Ding, Han Xu, Yuan Liu, Xue-Wei School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore Collaborative Initiatives Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637335 Singapore

C-glycosides have been demonstrated to have distinct biological functions and therefore display notable pharmacological values, whereas the access to the versatile structural analog of C-glycosides is a significant challenge to their advancement as therapeutic agents. We herein disclose a facial and efficient catalytic C-glycosylation using a glycosyl ortho-2,2-dimethoxycarbonylcyclopropylbenzoate (CCBz) as the donor. The trailblazing glycosyl donor can be simply activated by a non-toxic and easily accessible Sc(III) catalyst. The ring-strain release of the incorporated donor-acceptor cyclopropane (DAC) serves as a powerful driving force of the glycosylation system. The adaptability of current methods to different types of donors and acceptors was exemplified. Examinations on the synthetic potential were done with the one-pot synthesis of free C-indolyl-glycosides and the subsequent biological studies, unlocking the antibacterial potentials of these compounds. © 2025

关键词： C-glycoside C-glycosidic bond C-glycosylation Donor-acceptor cyclopropane Ring-strain release

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Lithium recovery from seawater desalination brines using ion-sieve electrospun nanofibrous membranes: the role of nanofiber design

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Chemical Engineering Journal 2025年 513卷

作者： Nadzri, Naeem Lim, Yu Jie Liao, Xiangjun Liang, Yejin Goh, Kunli Liao, Yuan Goto, Atsushi Wang, Rong Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme Graduate College Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Membrane Technology Center Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University Singapore College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin300350 China School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

The increasing demand for lithium (Li) necessitates sustainable extraction from alternative sources such as desalination brines. This study developed and evaluated electrospun nanofibrous membranes with lithium ion-sieves, H1.6Mn1.6O4 (HMO) and H2TiO3 (HTO), for lithium recovery from seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) brines. Three distinct nanofiber morphologies, namely – direct-blend, mesoporous, and electrospray – were fabricated to optimize adsorbent distribution and accessibility. Mesoporous membranes enhanced adsorption by creating accessible pores via sacrificial polymer elution, achieving 13.5 % capacity increase over powder adsorbents. Electrospray membranes, despite maximizing adsorbent surface exposure, showed a 25.6 % capacity reduction due to particle agglomeration. Static tests demonstrated HTO's higher lithium selectivity, but slower kinetics compared to HMO. Dynamic experiments revealed mesoporous HMO/PAN membranes as optimal, achieving a 82.7-fold lithium enrichment (from 0.34 to 28.11 mg L−1) and a dynamic capacity of 2.11 ± 0.16 mg g−1 over six cycles. Mesoporous HMO/PAN membranes were able to concentrate 3.7 times more lithium in the first cycle compared to the HMO packed bed configuration (7.78 mg L−1 eluted compared to 2.12 mg L−1). High separation factors (4198 for Na+, 4131 for Mg2+, 1829 for Ca2+, and 1113 for K+) underscored exceptional selectivity of the ion-sieve embedded membranes. Continuous adsorption–desorption tests confirmed the membranes’ robustness and reusability. These results demonstrate the critical role of nanofiber design in optimizing adsorption capacity, selectivity, and kinetics, enabling scalable lithium recovery from desalination brines. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Mesopores

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