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Behavioral Alterations in Mice Exposed to Manganese via Drinking Water: Effects of Sex and a Lipopolysaccharide Challenge

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY 2025年第4期45卷 669-684页

作者： Ludwig, Helaina D. Carpenter, Jessica M. Filipov, Nikolay M. Univ Georgia Dept Physiol & Pharmacol Athens GA 30602 USA Univ Georgia Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program Athens GA 30602 USA Univ Georgia Neurosci PhD Program Athens GA 30602 USA

Manganese (Mn) is an essential and important metal;however, overexposures lead to adverse neurological outcomes. Nonoccupational Mn overexposure occurs primarily through consumption of Mn-contaminated drinking water (DW). Sex differences in terms of nervous and immune systems' responsiveness to excessive Mn in the DW are understudied. Thus, this study investigated behavioral and sex differences in response to Mn DW treatment (0.4 g Mn/L for up to 8 weeks) and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge of adult C57BL/6 mice with GFP-tagged monocytes/microglia. After 6 weeks, in motor function tests, Mn exposure resulted in decreased activity and gait deficits. In two different mood tests (open field test [OFT]/elevated zero maze), Mn-exposed mice exhibited decreased fear/anxiety-like behavior. Two weeks after behavioral assessment, when mice were challenged with LPS, circulating inflammatory cytokines, and acute phase proteins increased in both sexes. After 8 weeks of Mn exposure, liver and brain Mn levels were increased, but Mn alone did not affect circulating cytokines in either sex. Notably, Mn-exposed/LPS-challenged males had potentiated plasma cytokine output, whereas the reverse was seen in females. Males, but not females, continued to exhibit increased fearlessness (i.e., increased OFT center time), even when challenged with LPS. Overall, our results show that Mn DW exposure increases brain Mn levels and it leads to behavioral alterations in both sexes. However, males might be more susceptible to the effect of Mn on mood, and this effect is recalcitrant to an inflammagen challenge. Mn augmented post-LPS cytokine production only in males, further indicating that important Mn effects are sex-biased.

关键词： acute phase proteins behavioral deficits cytokines LPS manganese sex differences

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Nucleotide-level characterization and improvement of l-arabinose- and l-rhamnose-inducible systems in E. coli using a high-throughput approach

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NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 2025年第7期53卷 gkaf224页

作者： Kim, Nancy M. Peng, Danqia Sandoval, Nicholas R. Tulane Univ Interdisciplinary Bioinnovat PhD Program New Orleans LA 70118 USA Tulane Univ Dept Chem & Biomol Engn New Orleans LA 70118 USA

The commonly used arabinose- and rhamnose-inducible Escherichia coli promoters, PBAD and PRha, exhibit tight regulation through activation via their respective transcription factors, AraC and RhaS, alongside the cyclic AMP receptor protein. The mechanisms of these promoters have been characterized on a parts level, but nucleotide-level analysis has yet to be elucidated. Therefore, we describe here a massively parallel reporter assay that maps regulatory sites at the nucleotide level. The relative importance of nucleotides in each binding site is revealed, including loci not included in previous annotations. For PBAD, we confirm known sites and reveal novel binding sites involved in modulating gene expression. In PRha, we refine the length and sequence specificity of rhaI half-sites, updating previous annotations and providing nucleotide level insights into RhaS-mediated regulation. Mutations that lead to increased promoter strength, wider dynamic range, and altered basal expression are identified for both promoters. Engineered versions of PBAD and PRha promoters based on this data show improvements in dynamic range alongside a seven- and three-fold increase in promoter strength, respectively, with a slight increase in basal expression for the PBAD promoters and no significant increase for PRha. This work expands the genetic parts "toolkit" and increases the understanding of these important commonly used promoters.

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Expression of prestige through authentic pride, not dominance through hubristic pride, promotes fairness in ultimatum bargaining

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2025年第1期15卷 1-13页

作者： Kusano, Kodai Kemmelmeier, Markus New York Univ Abu Dhabi Div Sci Psychol Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Univ Nevada Interdisciplinary Social Psychol PhD Program Reno NV USA

This study examines how people react to different types of high social rank displays during negotiations. We focused on two ways people display high rank: dominance (using force or intimidation) and prestige (demonstrating competence and earning respect). In a pre-registered experiment (N = 309), we tested whether these displays would influence people to make fair offers in a negotiation game. Participants first competed in tasks where they were outperformed by their negotiation partner, creating a power difference. They then decided how much money to share with this partner. We found that participants offered more money to partners who displayed prestige after demonstrating superior performance. However, when partners displayed dominance despite similar superior performance, participants did not increase their offers compared to a neutral condition without power differences, and this pattern persisted even under compliance pressure. A path model revealed that expressions of authentic pride (associated with prestige), but not hubristic pride (associated with dominance), explained why participants made fairer offers. These findings suggest that earning and showing respect through prestige is more effective than asserting dominance when negotiating from a position of power.

关键词： Negotiation Power Dominance Prestige Pride

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Not exactly twins: Authoritarians and populists differ in their attitudes toward trust in government, elitism, pluralism, political identification, and identity fusion

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SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2025年第1期66卷 121-130页

作者： Jami, Waleed A. Bridgewater State Univ Dept Psychol 131 Summer St Bridgewater MA 02324 USA Univ Nevada Interdisciplinary Social Psychol PhD Program Reno NV USA

Introduction Authoritarianism and populism are used regularly to describe the individuals responsible for anti-democratic action. These two constructs share some similarities with regard to how they hinder democracy and at times have been used interchangeably to describe such issues. However, authoritarians and populists may differ with regard to their political identification, as well as how they view the government and the existing establishment. Objectives With a US college sample, this study's goal was to examine how authoritarianism and populist attitudes influence views on pluralism, elitism, trust in government, identity fusion, and political identification (identification with American political parties). Results The findings indicated that right-wing authoritarians trusted the government, endorsed elitist attitudes, but were low on pluralism;this pattern was the opposite for those high on populist attitudes. Left-wing authoritarianism was related only to low pluralism. Moreover, low trust in the government partially mediated the link between populist attitudes and pluralism. Results also indicated that right-wing and left-wing authoritarians identified with the Republican and Democratic parties, respectively, whereas political identification was unrelated to populist attitudes. Furthermore, identity fusion partially mediated the link between right-wing authoritarianism and identification with the Republican Party. Conclusion Authoritarianism and populist attitudes may explain different motivations for anti-democratic thought and behaviors. This study contributes to ongoing debates found in contemporary populism and authoritarianism research as well as different solutions to addressing their rise in mainstream politics.

关键词： Populism authoritarianism identification identity fusion pluralism individual differences

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Predicting Thermal Resistance of Packaging Design by Machine Learning Models

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MICROMACHINES 2025年第3期16卷 350-350页

作者： Lai, Jung-Pin Lin, Shane Lin, Vito Kang, Andrew Wang, Yu-Po Pai, Ping-Feng Natl Chi Nan Univ Interdisciplinary Program Educ Nantou 54561 Taiwan Siliconware Precis Ind Co Ltd 123Sec 3Da Fong Rd Taichung 42749 Taiwan Natl Chi Nan Univ Dept Informat Management Nantou 54561 Taiwan Natl Chi Nan Univ PhD Program Strategy & Dev Emerging Ind Nantao 54561 Taiwan

Thermal analysis is an indispensable aspect of semiconductor packaging. Excessive operating temperatures in integrated circuit (IC) packages can degrade component performance and even cause failure. Therefore, thermal resistance and thermal characteristics are critical to the performance and reliability of electronic components. Machine learning modeling offers an effective way to predict the thermal performance of IC packages. In this study, data from finite element analysis (FEA) are utilized by machine learning models to predict thermal resistance during package testing. For two package types, namely the Quad Flat No-lead (QFN) and the Thin Fine-pitch Ball Grid Array (TFBGA), data derived from finite element analysis, are employed to predict thermal resistance. The thermal resistance values include theta JA, theta JB, theta JC, Psi JT, and Psi JB. Five machine learning models, namely the light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), random forest (RF), XGBoost (XGB), support vector regression (SVR), and multilayer perceptron regression (MLP), are applied as forecasting models in this study. Numerical results indicate that the XGBoost model outperforms the other models in terms of forecasting accuracy for almost all cases. Furthermore, the forecasting accuracy achieved by the XGBoost model is highly satisfactory. In conclusion, the XGBoost model shows significant promise as a reliable tool for predicting thermal resistance in packaging design. The application of machine learning techniques for forecasting these parameters could enhance the efficiency and reliability of IC packaging designs.

关键词： machine learning prediction thermal resistance packaging design

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Effect of multispecies fungal extract supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and the rumen microbiome composition of beef cattle fed forage-based diets

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JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2025年第103期103卷 skae387页

作者： Pittaluga, Alejandro M. Miccoli, Florencia E. Guerrero, Leandro D. Relling, Alejandro E. Ohio State Univ Dept Anim Sci Wooster OH 43210 USA Univ Nacl Lomas Zamora Fac Ciencias Agr Lomas De Zamora Argentina Inst Invest Ingn Genet & Biol Mol Buenos Aires Argentina Ohio State Univ Interdisciplinary PhD Program Nutr Columbus OH 43210 USA

Our objective was to evaluate the effect of a multispecies fungal extract (MFE) on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), fermentation characteristics, and rumen microbiome composition of beef cattle fed forage-based diets. For experiment 1, ruminally cannulated Angus x SimAngus cows (n = 4;body weight [BW] = 569 +/- 21 kg) were used in a randomized crossover design with two 21-d study periods and a 23-d washout period to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of an MFE on in situ digestion, ruminal fermentation, and the composition of the rumen microbiome. Treatments consisted of a forage-based diet with or without the inclusion of a MFE. Rumen samples were collected on days 5, 10, and 20. Experiment 2 evaluated different inclusion rates of the MFE in a randomized complete block design using Angus x SimAngus-crossbred steers (n = 80;BW = 370 +/- 44 kg). Steers were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to one of four treatments (2 pens/treatment): diet with no MFE, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.08% of the MFE (dry matter [DM] basis). Steers were fed a forage-based diet for 122 d. Subsets of 10 steers/treatment were randomly selected for the determination of ATTD on d 20, 40, and 60. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. In exp 1, adding the MFE to the diet tended to increase the ruminal disappearance rate of the DM on day 10 (P = 0.06). No interactions or treatment effects were observed for the short-chain fatty acid profile of the rumen fluid (P >= 0.13). Metagenomic analysis of the rumen microbiome showed an MFE x d interaction for the Fibrobacter genus (P = 0.01), which on day 20 was less abundant in the rumen of cows fed the MFE. In exp 2, steers supplemented with 0.04% of MFE had a lower average daily gain and were lighter at the end of the experiment (cubic, P <= 0.04) compared to steers supplemented with 0.02% MFE. Steers fed the diet with 0.02% of MFE had the greatest gain-to-feed ratio among the MFE-supplemented groups (cub

关键词： apparent total tract digestion beef cattle multispecies fungal feed additive rumen microbiome

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The effect of a presumption of guilt on police guilt judgments

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PSYCHOLOGY CRIME & LAW 2025年第4期31卷 462-483页

作者： Yang, Yueran Madon, Stephanie Cabell, Jean J. Kruger, Sarah A. Guyll, Max Univ Nevada Dept Psychol Reno NV USA Univ Nevada Interdisciplinary Social Psychol PhD Program Reno NV USA Arizona State Univ Dept Psychol Glendale AZ USA Univ Nevada Dept Psychol 1664 N Virginia St Reno NV 89557 USA

Police conduct pre-interrogation interviews with suspects whom they presume might be guilty. This research tested whether a presumption of guilt causes police to misclassify innocent suspects as guilty during pre-interrogation interviews by virtue of biasing their interpretation of suspects' emotional states. In two experiments, college students (n = 33) and police officers (n = 33) each watched eight videos in which an experimenter interviewed a student who was either factually guilty or factually innocent of having cheated on a problem-solving task. After watching each video, participants reported their judgments of the interviewed student's emotional state and guilt-status. The results indicated that both college students and police officers reported higher guilt judgments when they presumed the interviewed students to be guilty versus innocent. Additionally, participants' perceptions of the interviewed students' emotional states mediated this effect. Factual guilt-status did not influence judgments rendered by either college students or police officers. The results suggest that police may be susceptible to misclassifying innocent suspects as guilty when they hold a presumption of guilt at the outset of a pre-interrogation interview.

关键词： pre-interrogation interview confirmation bias guilt judgment police interrogation

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Acceptance and Commitment Teletherapy for Mixed Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A case Study

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CLINICAL CASE STUDIES 2025年第1期24卷 3-20页

作者： Roberts, Max Z. Tifft, Eric D. Forsyth, John P. Boswell, James F. SUNY Albany Clin Psychol PhD Program Albany NY 12222 USA SUNY Albany Psychol Albany NY 12222 USA SUNY Albany Anxiety Disorders Res Program Albany NY 12222 USA SUNY Albany Clin Training Albany NY 12222 USA Smuel S Stratton Vet Affairs Med Ctr Interdisciplinary Pain Clin Albany NY USA

The present case details a successful treatment response to 21 sessions of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) delivered via teletherapy for mixed anxiety and depressive symptomology during the COVID-19 pandemic. The client ("Natalie"), a 19-year-old, White, cisgender female, presented to a university training clinic reporting primary problematic anxiety consistent with a diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. The therapist conceptualized Natalie's anxiety through the ACT psychological flexibility model, wherein Natalie's challenges appeared to be maintained by experiential avoidance and lack of committed action. This case highlights (a) the unique challenges of treating someone with pervasive anxiety amid the uncertain context of the COVID-19 pandemic, (b) repeated assessment of transdiagnostic processes to inform intervention focus, and (c) the process of ACT teletherapy. Symptom, process, and outcome measures taken bi-weekly throughout therapy suggested theoretically consistent and reliable treatment responses. Clinical implications of the case are discussed.

关键词： Acceptance and Commitment therapy (ACT) anxiety depression transdiagnostic therapy process-based therapy (PBT) teletherapy COVID-19 pandemic

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Microstructural evolution in a one-directional phase transforming ultrahigh temperature ceramic laminate composite

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JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY 2025年第1期45卷

作者： Large, Michael J. Stotts, J. Carter Weinberger, Christopher Thompson, Gregory B. Univ Alabama Interdisciplinary Mat Sci PhD Program Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA Colorado State Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Ft Collins CO 80526 USA Colorado State Univ Dept Mech Engn Ft Collins CO 80523 USA Univ Alabama Alabama Mat Inst Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA Univ Alabama Dept Met & Mat Engn Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

A metal-ceramic multilayer composite composed of Zr and ZrC films was magnetron sputter deposited and annealed at 1325 degrees C to demonstrate its ability to phase transform into a single phase, substoichiometric ultrahigh temperature ceramic carbide. The pre-annealed laminate microstructure comprised columnar grains for both the Zr and ZrC layers, common to thin film deposition. Upon annealing, the diffusion of carbon facilitated the precipitation of multiple equiaxed carbide grains that consumed the former Zr layers. As this carbon diffused from ZrC, it resulted in the carbide undergoing a lattice contraction where the elastic strains facilitated a decohesion between the carbide grain boundaries. This decohesion is shown to be mitigated by increasing the ratio of the initial ZrC layer-to-Zr layer thicknesses. Finally, oxygen, found to be a minor impurity in the ethylene hydrocarbon gas used to reactively deposit ZrC, facilitated irregular zirconia precipitation within the evolving microstructure during the anneal.

关键词： Thin film Composite ZrC Phase transformation

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Non-Medical Characteristics Affect Referral for Advanced Heart Failure Services: a Retrospective Review

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JOURNAL OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC HEALTH DISPARITIES 2025年第1期12卷 374-383页

作者： Kelty, Catherine E. Dickinson, Michael G. Lyerla, Rob Chillag, Kata Fogarty, Kieran J. Western Michigan Univ Interdisciplinary Hlth Sci PhD Program Kalamazoo MI 49008 USA Corewell Hlth Frederik Meijer Heart & Vasc Inst Grand Rapids MI 49506 USA Indiana Univ Sch Med Div Nephrol Indianapolis IN 46202 USA Davidson Coll Dept Publ Hlth Davidson NC USA

BackgroundPatients with advanced heart failure (AHF) are extensively evaluated before heart transplantation or left ventricular assist device (LVAD) eligibility. Patients are assessed for medical need and psychosocial or economic factors that may affect success post-treatment. For patients to be evaluated, however, they first must be referred. This study investigated social and economic factors affecting AHF referral, specialist visits, or *** with heart failure (n = 24,258) were reviewed at one large hospital system over 4 years. Independent variables age, sex, marital status, race/ethnicity, preferred language, smoking, and insurance status were assessed for the outcomes of referral, clinic visit, and treatment by Chi-square and ANOVA. In-house and 1-year mortality were evaluated by logistic regression, and time-to-event was assessed by the Cox proportional hazards *** (HR 0.934, 95% CI 0.925-0.943), male (HR 2.216, 95% CI 1.544-3.181), and publicly insured (HR 1.298 [95% CI 1.038, 1.623]) patients were more likely to be referred, while unmarried (HR 0.665, 95% CI 0.488-0.905) and smoking (HR 0.549, 95% CI 0.389-0.776) patients had fewer referrals. Younger, married, and nonsmoking patients were more likely to have a clinic visit. Younger age, White race, and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity were associated with receiving a heart transplant, and LVAD recipients were more likely Hispanic/Latino ethnicity. Advanced age, Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, and smoking were associated with 1-year mortality after heart failure *** in access exist before evaluation for AHF therapies. Improving access at the levels of referral and evaluation is a necessary step toward achieving equity in organ allocation.

关键词： Heart failure Heart transplantation Referral and consultation

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