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Examining the impact of 28-week multicomponent and strength exercises on brain health, salivary stress, and mental well-being in frail older women: A controlled trial analysis

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PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR 2025年 294卷 114868-114868页

作者： Furtado, Guilherme Eustaquio Barros, Marcelo Paes de Rodrigues, Rafael N. Bachi, Andre Luis Lacerda Chupel, Matheus Uba Rocha, Saulo Vasconcelos Vieira, Rodolfo P. Hogervorst, Eef Teixeira, Ana Maria Ferreira, Jose Pedro Polytech Univ Coimbra Rua Misericordia P-3045093 Coimbra Portugal Polytech Univ Coimbra Ctr Studies Nat Resources Environm & Soc CERNAS P-3045601 Coimbra Portugal Polytech Univ Coimbra SPRINT Sport Phys Act & Hlth Res & INnovat Ctr Coimbra Portugal Cruzeiro do Sul Univ Inst Phys Act Sci & Sports ICAFE MSc PhD Interdisciplinary Program Hlth Sci BR-01506000 Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Coimbra FCDEF UC Fac Sport Sci & Phys Educ Res Unit Sport & Phys Act UID PTD 04213 2020 Coimbra Portugal Santo Amaro Univ UNISA Postgrad Program Hlth Sci BR-04829300 Sao Paulo Brazil Sunnybrook Res Inst Hurvitz Brain Sci Res Program Biol Sci Toronto ON Canada State Univ Feira de Santana Transnordestina Ave S-N BR-44036900 Feira De Santana Bahia Brazil Fed Univ Sao Paulo UNIFESP Postgrad Program Sci Human Movement & Rehabil Ave Ana Costa 95 BR-11060001 Santos SP Brazil Evangel Univ Goias UniEvangel Postgrad Programs Humam Movement & Rehabil & Pharm Ave Univ Km 35 BR-75083515 Anapolis GO Brazil Loughborough Univ Appl Cognit Res NCSEM Loughborough England

Background: In recent years, the efficacy of various physical exercise programs in enhancing functional fitness among frail older adults has gained recognition. However, limited research has concurrently explored the longterm effects of exercise on brain health, stress biomarkers, and mental well-being. This study aimed to investigate the impact of two distinct chair-based exercise programs on salivary stress hormones and psychological wellbeing in frail older women over a 28-week period. Methods: A total of 140 individuals participated in the enrollment phase, with 84 eligible participants randomly assigned to three groups. Following the intervention, data from 60 participants were analyzed across the multicomponent exercise (MCE, n = 23), elastic band muscle-strength exercise (ESE, n=19), and non-exercise control (CG n=18) groups. Salivary biomarkers of alpha-amylase (alpha-AMY) Cortisol (COR), alpha-amylase/cortisol ratio, psychological indicators and physical frailty (PF) and functional fitness were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results: Salivary COR levels exhibited a significant time x group interaction, with a moderate increase in MCE, a small decrease in ESE, and a substantial increase in CGne. Salivary alpha-AMY levels varied significantly over time and by group, with a small decrease in both exercise groups and a moderate increase in CGne. The alpha-AMY /COR ratio also displayed a significant interaction effect. Additionally, significant improvements were observed in PF compound scores, general self-efficacy, attitudes toward aging, and reductions in perceived stress and depressive symptoms (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Notably, the MCE program demonstrated greater benefits than ESE. The observed associations between changes in alpha-AMY levels, mental well-being, and functional fitness indicators contribute novel evidence on the psychophysiological adaptations to long-term exercise. Importantly, reductions in PF scores correlated with improvements in se

关键词： Psychological frailty Neuroendocrine Cortisol Alpha-amylase Saliva samples Brain health

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Aberrant hippocampal transmission and behavior in mice with a stargazin mutation linked to intellectual disability

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MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY 2022年第5期27卷 2457-2469页

作者： Caldeira, G. L. Inacio, A. S. Beltrao, N. Barreto, C. A., V Rodrigues, M., V Rondao, T. Macedo, R. Gouveia, R. P. Edfawy, M. Guedes, J. Cruz, B. Louros, S. R. Moreira, I. S. Peca, J. Carvalho, A. L. Univ Coimbra CNC Ctr Neurosci & Cell Biol P-3004504 Coimbra Portugal Univ Coimbra IIIUC Inst Interdisciplinary Res P-3030789 Coimbra Portugal Univ Coimbra PhD Program Expt Biol & Biomed PDBEB Coimbra Portugal Univ Coimbra Dept Life Sci P-3000456 Coimbra Portugal HEMEX AG Liestal Switzerland Champalimaud Ctr Unknown Champalimaud Res Lisbon Portugal Univ Edinburgh Ctr Discovery Brain Sci Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland

Mutations linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as intellectual disability (ID), are frequently found in genes that encode for proteins of the excitatory synapse. Transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) are AMPA receptor auxiliary proteins that regulate crucial aspects of receptor function. Here, we investigate a mutant form of the TARP family member stargazin, described in an ID patient. Molecular dynamics analyses predicted that the ID-associated stargazin variant, V143L, weakens the overall interface of the AMPAR:stargazin complex and impairs the stability of the complex. Knock-in mice harboring the V143L stargazin mutation manifest cognitive and social deficits and hippocampal synaptic transmission defects, resembling phenotypes displayed by ID patients. In the hippocampus of stargazin V143L mice, CA1 neurons show impaired spine maturation, abnormal synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation specifically in basal dendrites, and synaptic ultrastructural alterations. These data suggest a causal role for mutated stargazin in the pathogenesis of ID and unveil a new role for stargazin in the development and function of hippocampal synapses.

关键词： Biochemistry Cell biology Molecular biology Neuroscience

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Uncovering cell-type-specific immunomodulatory variants and molecular phenotypes in COVID-19 using structurally resolved protein networks

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CELL REPORTS 2024年第11期43卷 114930页

作者： Chhibbar, Prabal Roy, Priyamvada Guha Harioudh, Munesh K. McGrail, Daniel J. Yang, Donghui Singh, Harinder Hinterleitner, Reinhard Gong, Yi-Nan Yi, S. Stephen Sahni, Nidhi Sarkar, Saumendra N. Das, Jishnu Univ Pittsburgh Sch Med Dept Immunol Ctr Syst Immunol Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA Univ Pittsburgh Ctr Syst Immunol Sch Med Dept Computat & Syst Biol Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA Univ Pittsburgh Sch Med Integrat Syst Biol PhD Program Pittsburgh PA USA Univ Pittsburgh Sch Publ Hlth Human Genet PhD Program Pittsburgh PA USA Univ Pittsburgh Sch Med Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet Pittsburgh PA USA Cleveland Clin Ctr Immunotherapy & Precis Immuno Oncol Cleveland OH USA Cleveland Clin Lerner Res Inst Cleveland OH USA Univ Pittsburgh Sch Med Dept Immunol Pittsburgh PA USA Univ Texas Austin Della Med Sch Livestrong Canc Inst Dept Oncol Austin TX USA Univ Texas Austin Oden Inst Computat Engn & Sci ICES Dept Biomed Engn Austin TX 78712 USA Univ Texas Austin Interdisciplinary Life Sci Grad Programs Austin TX USA UT MD Anderson Canc Ctr Dept Epigenet & Mol Carcinogenesis Houston TX 77030 USA Baylor Coll Med Program Quantitat & Computat Biosci QCB Houston TX USA Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr Dept Bioinformat & Computat Biol Houston TX USA

Immunomodulatory variants that lead to the loss or gain of specific protein interactions often manifest only as organismal phenotypes in infectious disease. Here, we propose a network-based approach to integrate genetic variation with a structurally resolved human protein interactome network to prioritize immunomodulatory variants in COVID-19. We find that, in addition to variants that pass genome-wide significance thresholds, variants at the interface of specific protein-protein interactions, even though they do not meet genome-wide thresholds, are equally immunomodulatory. The integration of these variants with single-cell epigenomic and transcriptomic data prioritizes myeloid and T cell subsets as the most affected by these variants across both the peripheral blood and the lung compartments. Of particular interest is a common coding variant that disrupts the OAS1-PRMT6 interaction and affects downstream interferon signaling. Critically, our framework is generalizable across infectious disease contexts and can be used to implicate immunomodulatory variants that do not meet genome-wide significance thresholds.

关键词： systems immunology protein networks host-viral interactions GWAS machine learning

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An ultraefficient surface functionalized Ti3C2Tx MXene piezocatalyst: synchronous hydrogen evolution and wastewater treatment

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Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2023年第6期12卷 3340-3351页

作者： Lai, Sz-Nian Chen, Winston Yenyu Yen, Chao-Chun Liao, Yin-Song Chen, Po-Han Stanciu, Lia Wu, Jyh Ming Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University 101 Section 2 Kuang Fu Road Hsinchu300 Taiwan PhD Program in Prospective Functional Materials Industry National Tsing Hua University 101 Section 2 Kuang Fu Road Hsinchu300 Taiwan High Entropy Materials Center National Tsing Hua University 101 Section 2 Kuang Fu Road Hsinchu300 Taiwan Tsing Hua Interdisciplinary Program National Tsing Hua University 101 Section 2 Kuang Fu Road Hsinchu300 Taiwan School of Materials Engineering Purdue University 610 Purdue Mall West LafayetteIN47907 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Road Taichung402 Taiwan

The Ti3C2Tx surface contains hydroxyl groups that can be modified through self-assembled monolayers by using (3-chloropropyl) trimethoxysilane (CPTMS) and fluoroalkylsilane (FOTS). This study demonstrates that an ultrahigh level of piezoelectricity can be achieved by modifying the Si-O bond of organo-silane headgroups in Ti3C2Tx. The theoretical calculation of surface functionalized Ti3C2Tx-FOTS reveals that its Si-O bond causes localized lattice distortion and enhances the noncentrosymmetric structure on the Ti3C2Tx surface. Ti3C2Tx-FOTS exhibits significantly higher butterfly loops than pristine Ti3C2Tx. The calculated rate constant of Ti3C2Tx-FOTS for dye degradation was 0.9 min−1, 15-fold higher than that of Ti3C2Tx-CPTMS and 111-fold higher than that of pristine Ti3C2Tx. The hydrogen evolution rate of Ti3C2Tx-FOTS is 900.46 μmo1 g−1 h−1, three times higher than that of Ti3C2Tx. The bifunctional surface functionalized Ti3C2Tx-FOTS can simultaneously catalyse the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and decomposition of wastewater, demonstrating that Ti3C2Tx-FOTS, obtained through the surface engineering of Ti3C2Tx, is a superior piezocatalyst. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

关键词： Rate constants

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Oligodendrocyte-selective deletion of the eIF2α kinase Perk/Eif2ak3 limits functional recovery after spinal cord injury

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GLIA 2024年第7期72卷 1259-1272页

作者： Saraswat Ohri, Sujata Forston, Michael D. Myers, Scott A. Brown, Brandon L. Andres, Kariena R. Howard, Russell M. Gao, Yonglin Liu, Yu Cavener, Douglas R. Hetman, Michal Whittemore, Scott R. Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Res Ctr Louisville KY USA Univ Louisville Dept Neurol Surg Sch Med Louisville KY 40292 USA Univ Louisville Dept Interdisciplinary Program Translat Neurosci Sch Med Louisville KY USA Univ Louisville Dept Anat Sci & Neurobiol Sch Med Louisville KY USA Penn State Univ Dept Biol University Pk PA USA Univ Louisville Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol Sch Med Louisville KY USA Univ Louisville MD PhD Program Sch Med Louisville KY USA Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Res Ctr 511 S Floyd StMDR 616 Louisville KY 40202 USA Norton Neurosci Inst 210 Gray StSuite 1102 Louisville KY 40202 USA Univ Penn Dept Pathol Ctr Cell & Mol Therapeut Ctr Epilepsy & Neurodev Disorders ENDDChildrens H Philadelphia PA USA

After spinal cord injury (SCI), re-establishing cellular homeostasis is critical to optimize functional recovery. Central to that response is PERK signaling, which ultimately initiates a pro-apoptotic response if cellular homeostasis cannot be restored. Oligodendrocyte (OL) loss and white matter damage drive functional consequences and determine recovery potential after thoracic contusive SCI. We examined acute (<48 h post-SCI) and chronic (6 weeks post-SCI) effects of conditionally deleting Perk from OLs prior to SCI. While Perk transcript is expressed in many types of cells in the adult spinal cord, its levels are disproportionately high in OL lineage cells. Deletion of OL-Perk prior to SCI resulted in: (1) enhanced acute phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha, a major PERK substrate and the critical mediator of the integrated stress response (ISR), (2) enhanced acute expression of the downstream ISR genes Atf4, Ddit3/Chop, and Tnfrsf10b/Dr5, (3) reduced acute OL lineage-specific Olig2 mRNA, but not neuronal or astrocytic mRNAs, (4) chronically decreased OL content in the spared white matter at the injury epicenter, (5) impaired hindlimb locomotor recovery, and (6) reduced chronic epicenter white matter sparing. Cultured primary OL precursor cells with reduced PERK expression and activated ER stress response showed: (1) unaffected phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha, (2) enhanced ISR gene induction, and (3) increased cytotoxicity. Therefore, OL-Perk deficiency exacerbates ISR signaling and potentiates white matter damage after SCI. The latter effect is likely mediated by increased loss of Perk(-/-) OLs.

关键词： ISR oligodendrocytes Perk SCI

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Assessing the Aesthetic Performance of CAD/CAM Provisional Restorative Materials: A Spectrophotometric Analysis

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POLYMERS 2024年第18期16卷 2636页

作者： Silverio, Sonia Gomes, Catarina Martins, Francisco Reis, Jose Alexandre Mauricio, Paulo Durao de Val, Jose Eduardo Mate-Sanchez Univ Catolica Murcia UCAM Hlth Sci PhD Program Campus Los Jeronimos N 135 Murcia 30107 Spain Egas Moniz Sch Hlth & Sci Egas Moniz Ctr Interdisciplinary Res CiiEM Campus Univ P-2829511 Almada Portugal Univ Catolica Murcia UCAM Int Res Inst Biomat Fac Hlth Sci Dept Mat Sci & Engn Murcia 30107 Spain

Achieving color match between natural teeth and restorative materials is crucial in dentistry. Factors such as the light source, brightness, and opacity influence tooth color, determined by light absorption and scattering within the material. Advances in CAD/CAM systems have enhanced prosthodontic treatments, particularly with new temporary materials, but data on their color stability and masking ability remains limited. However, data on the color stability and masking ability of these CAD/CAM materials is limited. Telio (R) CAD-Temp and VITA CAD-Temp (R) blocks were cut into slices and polished. Composite resin specimens were prepared using a custom-designed metal resin former and light-cured. Samples were paired randomly and assigned to experimental groups based on base type and thickness (n = 30). Samples were stored in a controlled environment for 24 h before color evaluation using an EasyShade (R) V spectrophotometer. Color difference (Delta E) was calculated using L*, a*, and b* values. Statistical analyses included the Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene's test, and three-way ANOVA, with post-hoc comparisons using the Bonferroni method (alpha = 0.05). Delta E was classified according to perceptibility (PT = 1.2) and acceptability (AT = 2.7) values.

关键词： provisionals dental veneers spectrophotometry dental materials

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Sepsis and multiple sclerosis: Causative links and outcomes

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IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS 2021年 238卷 40-46页

作者： Miljkovic, Dorde Stanisavljevic, Suzana Jensen, Isaac J. Griffith, Thomas S. Badovinac, Vladimir P. Univ Belgrade Inst Biol Res Sinisa Stankovic Dept Immunol Natl Inst Republ Serbia Belgrade 11000 Serbia Univ Iowa Dept Pathol Dept Microbiol & Immunol Interdisciplinary Program Immunol Iowa City IA 52242 USA Univ Minnesota Masonic Canc Ctr Minneapolis VA Hlth Care SystCtr Immunol Microbiol Immunol & Canc Biol PhD ProgramDept Ur Minneapolis MN 55417 USA

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by an acute cytokine storm followed by prolonged dysfunction of the immune system in the survivors. Post-septic lymphopenia and functional deficits of the remaining immune cells lead to increased susceptibility to secondary infections and other morbid conditions causing late death in the patients. This state of post-septic immunoparalysis may also influence disorders stemming from inappropriate or overactive immune responses, such as autoimmune and immunoinflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis. In addition, ongoing autoimmunity likely influences the susceptibility to and outcome of sepsis. This review article addresses the bidirectional relationship between sepsis and multiple sclerosis, with a focus on the immunologic mechanisms of the interaction and potential directions for future studies.

关键词： Sepsis Multiple sclerosis Gut microbiota

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Multilocation changes in soil carbon stocks from sugarcane straw removal for bioenergy production in Brazil

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GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY 2021年第7期13卷 1099-1111页

作者： Tenelli, Sarah Bordonal, Ricardo Oliveira Cherubin, Mauricio Roberto Cerri, Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Carvalho, Joao Luis Nunes Brazilian Ctr Res Energy & Mat LNBR CNPEM LNBR CNPEM Brazilian Biorenewables Natl Lab Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St 10000 BR-13083100 Campinas SP Brazil UNICAMP Univ Campinas Interdisciplinary PhD Program Bioenergy Campinas SP Brazil Univ Sao Paulo ESALQ USP Coll Agr Luiz Queiroz Dept Soil Sci Piracicaba SP Brazil

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) straw has been identified as a valuable asset for bioenergy production, but it is also a primary carbon input for sustaining soil resources. Therefore, excessive removal of this crop residue can potentially decrease soil organic carbon (SOC) and have negative environmental consequences. Most crop residue management studies focus on site-specific responses which are important, but do not provide comprehensive assessments across the multiple edaphoclimatic conditions needed by decision makers to guide sustainable sugarcane straw management. Temporal modifications in SOC stocks induced by straw removal were quantified in 10 field experiments located in south-central of Brazil. Each field experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications, including four straw removal rates: total (TR), high (HR), low (LR) and no removal (NR). Soil sampling was performed to a 30 cm depth at the trial establishment (baseline) and after 2 and 4 consecutive years of straw removal. The data indicate that about 19% and 25% of the C added via straw were retained in areas of sandy and clay soils, respectively, and show that excessive removal rates depleted SOC stocks across the evaluated sites. Furthermore, regardless of removal rate, maintenance of straw on sandy soils was not sufficient to sustain SOC stocks, which were depleted by 2.3, 1.9, 1.5, and 1.4 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) for the TR, HR, LR, and NR. Our measured data provide scientific information to support policy and management decisions for straw-derived bioenergy in Brazil. They also suggest straw removal from clay soils will be less deleterious to SOC stocks than from sandy soils, where removal should be avoided.

关键词： bioenergy Saccharum spp sandy soils soil organic matter straw removal sugarcane monocropping

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Neuropsychological and Anatomical-Functional Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Post-Stroke Patients with Cognitive Impairment and Aphasia: A Systematic Review

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NEUROPSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2024年 1-15页

作者： Pezoa-Pena, Ignacio Julio-Ramos, Teresa Cigarroa, Igor Martella, Diana Solomons, Daniel Toloza-Ramirez, David Univ Autonoma Chile Masters Program Neurosci Temuco Chile Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile Fac Med Speech & Language Therapy Sch Hlth Sci DeptLab Language Rehabil & Stimulat LARE Santiago Chile Univ Valparaiso PhD Program Hlth Sci & Engn Valparaiso Chile Univ Catolica Silva Henriquez Escuela kinesiol Fac Ciencias Salud Santiago Chile Univ Arturo Prat Fac Ciencias Salud Victoria Chile Univ Loyola Fac Ciencias Sociales & Humanas Dept Psicol Campus Sevilla Seville Spain Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile Inst Biol & Med Engn Santiago Chile Millenium Inst Intelligent Healthcare Engn iHEALTH Santiago Chile Univ Andres Bello Exercise & Rehabil Sci Inst Fac Rehabil Sci Sch Speech Therapy Fernandez Concha 700 Santiago 7591538 Chile Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile Fac Med Interdisciplinary Ctr Neurosci Santiago Chile

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been found to be promising in the neurorehabilitation of post-stroke patients. Aphasia and cognitive impairment (CI) are prevalent post-stroke;however, there is still a lack of consensus about the characteristics of interventions based on TMS and its neuropsychological and anatomical-functional benefits. Therefore, studies that contribute to creating TMS protocols for these neurological conditions are necessary. To analyze the evidence of the neuropsychological and anatomical-functional TMS effects in post-stroke patients with CI and aphasia and determine the characteristics of the most used TMS in research practice. The present study followed the PRISMA guidelines and included articles from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and EMBASE databases, published between January 2010 and March 2023. In the 15 articles reviewed, it was found that attention, memory, executive function, language comprehension, naming, and verbal fluency (semantic and phonological) are the neuropsychological domains that improved post-TMS. Moreover, TMS in aphasia and post-stroke CI contribute to greater frontal activation (in the inferior frontal gyrus, pars triangularis, and opercularis). Temporoparietal effects were also found. The observed effects occur when TMS is implemented in repetitive modality, at a frequency of 1 Hz, in sessions of 30 min, and that last more than 2 weeks in duration. The use of TMS contributes to the neurorehabilitation process in post-stroke patients with CI and aphasia. However, it is still necessary to standardize future intervention protocols based on accurate TMS characteristics.

关键词： Transcranial magnetic stimulation Stroke Aphasia Post-stroke cognitive impairment Brain activation Neuropsychology

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White matter microstructural integrity mediates associations between prenatal endocrine-disrupting chemicals exposure and intelligence in adolescents

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NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2025年 45卷 103758-103758页

作者： Wang, Shi-Ming Wen, Hui-Ju Huang, Fan Sun, Chien-Wen Huang, Chih-Mao Wang, Shu-Li Natl Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ Dept Biol Sci & Technol 1001 Univ Rd Hsinchu Taiwan Natl Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ Ctr Intelligent Drug Syst & Smart Biodevices IDS2 Hsinchu Taiwan Natl Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ Dept Comp Sci Hsinchu Taiwan Acad Sinica Inst Earth Sci Taipei Taiwan Natl Hlth Res Inst Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci Miaoli Taiwan Natl Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ Univ Syst Taiwan Int PhD Program Interdisciplinary Neurosci Hsinchu Taiwan Natl Def Med Ctr Grad Inst Life Sci Taipei Taiwan Natl United Univ Dept Safety Hlth & Environm Engn Miaoli Taiwan

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are well-known endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that potentially affect child neurodevelopment. We aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal exposure to PFAS and PAEs on macro- and micro-structural brain development and intelligence in adolescents using multimodal neuroimaging techniques. We employed structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and various diffusion MRI techniques, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), to assess the gray-matter macrostructure and whitematter microstructural integrity and complexity. Participants were drawn from a birth cohort of 52 mother-child pairs in central Taiwan recruited in 2001, and the adolescent intelligence quotient (IQ) scores were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Nine PFAS concentrations of cord blood and maternal serum samples were obtained from the children's mothers during the third trimester of pregnancy (27-40 weeks) using a liquid chromatography system coupled to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer, while maternal urinary phthalates were used to evaluate PAEs exposure. Our results showed significant associations between prenatal exposure to PFAS and phthalates with changes in specific fronto-parietal regions of the adolescent male brain, including reduced cortical thickness in the inferior frontal gyrus and right superior parietal cortex, which are involved in language, memory, and executive function. A dose-response association was observed, with higher levels of PFAS and PAE exposure modulating altered white-matter fiber integrity in the superior cerebellar peduncle and inferior cerebellar peduncle of the male and female adolescent brains. In addition, higher levels of prenatal exposure to EDCs were associated with lower IQ scores in adolescents. Mediation analyses further revealed that white-matter microstructure

关键词： Phthalic acid esters (PAE) Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) Intelligence quotient (IQ) Mediation analysis

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