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Soil Erosion Satellite-Based Estimation in Cropland for Soil Conservation

REMOTE SENSING 2023年第1期15卷 20页

作者： Gallo, Bruna Cristina Graziano Magalhaes, Paulo Sergio Dematte, Jose A. M. Cervi, Walter Rossi Nunes Carvalho, Joao Luis Barbosa, Leandro Carneiro Bellinaso, Henrique de Mello, Danilo Cesar Veloso, Gustavo Vieira Alves, Marcelo Rodrigo Fernandes-Filho, Elpidio Inacio Francelino, Marcio Rocha Goncalves Reynaud Schaefer, Carlos Ernesto Univ Estadual Campinas Interdisciplinary PhD Program Bioenergy BR-13083862 Campinas SP Brazil Brazilian Ctr Energy & Mat Res CNPEM Brazilian Biorenewables Natl Lab LNBR BR-13083100 Campinas SP Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas Interdisciplinary Ctr Energy Planning BR-13083862 Campinas SP Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Luiz de Queiroz Coll Agr Dept Soil Sci BR-13418900 Piracicaba SP Brazil Wageningen Univ & Res Wageningen Econ Res NL-6708 PB Wageningen Netherlands Univ Fed Vicosa Dept Soil Sci BR-36570900 Vicosa MG Brazil Univ West Sao Paulo UNOESTE Dept Environm & Reg Dev Rod Raposo TavaresKm 572 Limoeiro BR-19067175 Presidente Prudente SP Brazil

Intensive cropland expansion for an increasing population has driven soil degradation worldwide. Modeling how agroecosystems respond to variations in soil attributes, relief and crop management dynamics can guide soil conservation. This research presents a new approach to evaluate soil loss by water erosion in cropland using the RUSLE model and Synthetic Soil Image (spectroscopy technique), which uses time series remotely sensed environmental, agricultural and anthropic variables, in the southeast region of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The availability of the open-access satellite images of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Landsat satellite images provided ten years of rainfall data and 35 years of exposed soil surface. The bare soil surface and agricultural land use were extracted, and the multi-temporal rainfall erosivity was assessed. We predict soil maps' attributes (texture and organic matter) through innovative soil spectroscopy techniques to assess the soil erodibility and soil loss tolerance. The erosivity, erodibility, and topography obtained by the Earth observations were adopted to estimate soil erosion in four scenarios of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) residue coverage (0%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) in five years of the sugarcane cycle: the first year of sugarcane harvest and four subsequent harvesting years from 2013 to 2017. Soil loss tolerance means 4.3 Mg ha(-1) exceeds the minimum rate in 40% of the region, resulting in a total soil loss of similar to 6 million Mg yr(-1) under total coverage management (7 Mg ha(-1)). Our findings suggest that sugarcane straw production has not been sufficient to protect the soil loss against water erosion. Thus, straw removal is unfeasible unless alternative conservation practices are adopted, such as minimum soil tillage, contour lines, terracing and other techniques that favor increases in organic matter content and soil flocculating cations. This research also identifies a spatiotemporal erosion-prone area that

关键词： soil degradation RUSLE remote sensing crop residue bioenergy sustainable land use

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The Impact of Michigan's Nonmedical Vaccine Exemption Rule Change on Philosophical Exemption Rates

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JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH 2020年第1期45卷 148-153页

作者： Mashinini, Duduzile P. Fogarty, Kieran J. Potter, Rachel C. Lagerwey, Mary D. Western Michigan Univ Interdisciplinary Hlth Sci PhD Program 1903 West Michigan Ave Kalamazoo MI 49008 USA Michigan Dept Hlth & Human Serv Div Immunizat Lansing MI USA Western Michigan Univ WMU Bronson Sch Nursing Kalamazoo MI 49008 USA

To examine school factors associated with philosophical exemption rates among kindergarteners in Michigan from 2014, before Michigan's implementation of administrative rule 325.176 (12), to 2015, after the rule change revising the process for receiving nonmedical exemptions from school entry vaccines. The study explored the extent to which the factors-school type, geographical location, and socioeconomics-were associated with philosophical exemptions among kindergarteners before and after the rule change, using negative binomial regression and Spearman's Rho correlation. Philosophical exemptions decreased from 2014 to 2015 for all school types but remained highest among rural private schools. Urban private schools had the second highest exemptions with rates 2.22 times higher than those of urban public schools. Exemption rates among rural charter schools were double those of urban public schools, while rural public schools' rates were 1.22 times higher than those of urban public schools. Free and reduced school lunch eligibility had a strong inverse association with philosophical exemptions for both 2014 and 2015, with higher philosophical exemptions being associated with higher socioeconomic schools. Philosophical exemption rates decreased in the wake of the rule change;however, high philosophical exemptions, post rule change, were still associated with private schools, rural locations, and high socioeconomic status schools.

关键词： Philosophical vaccine exemptions Nonmedical exemptions Immunization policy Vaccinations Vaccine waivers

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TNF-NF-κB-p53 axis restricts in vivo survival of hPSC-derived dopamine neurons

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CELL 2024年第14期187卷 3671-3689页

作者： Kim, Tae Wan Koo, So Yeon Riessland, Markus Chaudhry, Fayzan Kolisnyk, Benjamin Cho, Hyein S. Russo, Marco Vincenzo Saurat, Nathalie Mehta, Sanjoy Garippa, Ralph Betel, Doron Studer, Lorenz Sloan Kettering Inst Canc Res Ctr Stem Cell Biol New York NY 10065 USA Sloan Kettering Inst Canc Res Dev Biol Program New York NY 10065 USA Daegu Gyeongbuk Inst Sci & Technol DGIST Dept Interdisciplinary Engn Daegu 42988 South Korea Aligning Sci Parkinsons ASAP Collaborat Res Networ Chevy Chase MD 20815 USA Weill Cornell Neurosci PhD Program New York NY USA SUNY Stony Brook Ctr Nervous Syst Disorders Dept Neurobiol & Behav Stony Brook NY 11794 USA Tri Inst PhD Program Computat Biol New York NY USA Rockefeller Univ Lab Mol & Cellular Neurosci 1230 York Ave New York NY 10065 USA Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr Gene Editing & Screening Core Facil New York NY USA Univ Miami Miller Sch Med Sylvester Comprehens Canc Ctr Miami FL 33136 USA Weill Cornell Med Dept Med Div Hematol & Oncol New York NY USA Weill Cornell Med Inst Computat Biomed New York NY USA

Ongoing, early-stage clinical trials illustrate the translational potential of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)based cell therapies in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, an unresolved challenge is the extensive cell death following transplantation. Here, we performed a pooled CRISPR-Cas9 screen to enhance postmitotic dopamine neuron survival in vivo . We identified p53-mediated apoptotic cell death as a major contributor to dopamine neuron loss and uncovered a causal link of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-nuclear factor kB (NF-kappa B) signaling in limiting cell survival. As a translationally relevant strategy to purify postmitotic dopamine neurons, we identified cell surface markers that enable purification without the need for genetic reporters. Combining cell sorting and treatment with adalimumab, a clinically approved TNF-alpha inhibitor, enabled efficient engraftment of postmitotic dopamine neurons with extensive reinnervation and functional recovery in a preclinical PD mouse model. Thus, transient TNF-alpha inhibition presents a clinically relevant strategy to enhance survival and enable engraftment of postmitotic hPSC-derived dopamine neurons in PD.

关键词： cell therapy cell purification genetic screen Parkinson’s disease transplantation cell survival TNF-α inhibition TP53 apoptosis dopamine neurons

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Collaboration gaps and regional tourism networks in rural coastal communities

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JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM 2020年第4期28卷 625-645页

作者： Stoddarta, Mark C. J. Catano, Gary Ramos, Howard Vodden, Kelly Lowery, Brennan Butters, Leanna Mem Univ Newfoundland Dept Sociol St John NB Canada Dalhousie Univ Dept Sociol & Social Anthropol Halifax NS Canada Mem Univ Newfoundland Environm Policy Inst Corner Brook NF Canada Mem Univ Newfoundland Interdisciplinary PhD Program Corner Brook NF Canada

Tapping into and creating broad networks is integral to connecting communities and destinations to wider flows of tourists and ensuring local benefits from tourism development. However, little research has probed how communities build these connections. This article examines how tourism stakeholders perceive and practice the work of network-building and assess the challenges they face in pursuing this work in regional tourism development. Drawing on survey and focus group data from Atlantic Canada, we identify "collaboration gaps" between the perceived value of network-building and related social practices. Social practice theory is used to analyse tourism network-building and explain why collaboration gaps exist and persist. Our analysis found three gaps: between meaning and practice;vertical collaboration gaps related to the scale of network-building;and horizontal collaboration gaps related to the range of actors involved in tourism networks. These collaboration gaps can be addressed through a focus on meaning, competencies, and materials as means to foster successful collaborations and overcome gaps.

关键词： Regional development tourism networks rural tourism collaboration Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador

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Circulating microRNA levels differ in the early stages of insulin resistance in prepubertal children with obesity

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LIFE SCIENCES 2023年第0期312卷 000-000页

作者： Santos, Diana Porter-Gill, Patricia Goode, Grace Delhey, Leanna Sorensen, Anja Elaine Rose, Shannon Borsheim, Elisabet Dalgaard, Louise Torp Carvalho, Eugenia Inst Interdisciplinary Res PhD program Expt Biol & Biomed Coimbra Portugal Univ Coimbra Ctr Neurosci & Cell Biol Coimbra Portugal Univ Coimbra Inst Interdisciplinary Res Coimbra Portugal Arkansas Childrens Res Inst Little Rock AR USA Roskilde Univ Dept Sci & Environm Roskilde Denmark Univ Arkansas Med Sci Dept Pediat Little Rock AR USA Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr Little Rock AR USA Univ Arkansas Med Sci Dept Geriatr Little Rock AR USA APDP Portuguese Diabet Assoc Lisbon Portugal Univ Coimbra Fac Med Ctr Neurosci & Cell Biol Polo 1Rua Larga1 Andar P-3004504 Coimbra Portugal

Aims: The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity escalates the risk for related complications. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested as good predictive markers of insulin resistance in those with obesity. The aim was to identify a circulating miRNA profile that reflects insulin resistance in prepubertal children with obesity. Material and methods: Plasma miRNAs were measured in prepubertal children (n = 63, 5-9 years) using TaqMan Advanced miRNA Human Serum/Plasma plates and then were validated by RT-qPCR. Subjects were divided into normal weight (n = 20, NW) and overweight or obese (n = 43, OW/OB) groups according to their BMI z-scores. The OW/OB group was further subdivided into insulin sensitive or metabolically healthy obese (n = 26, MHO) and insulin resistant or metabolically unhealthy obese (n = 17, MUO) according to HOMA-IR. Key findings: While no differences were observed in the fasting plasma glucose levels, serum insulin levels were significantly elevated in the OW/OB compared to the NW group. Of 188 screened miRNAs, eleven were differentially expressed between the NW and OW/OB groups. Validation confirmed increased circulating levels of miR-146a-5p and miR-18a-5p in the OW/OB group, which correlated with BMI z-score. Interestingly, miR146a-5p was also correlated with HOMA-IR index. While only miR-18a-5p was upregulated in the OW/OB children, independently of their degree of insulin sensitivity, miR-146-5p, miR-423-3p and miR-152-3p were associated with insulin resistance. Significance: The present study provides evidence of molecular alterations that occur early in life in prepubertal obesity. These alterations may potentially be crucial for targeted prevention or prompt precision therapeutic development and subsequent interventions.

关键词： Prepubertal obesity Insulin resistance microRNAs Early molecular alterations

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Intralobular and Interlobular Parietal Functional Network Correlated to MI-BCI Performance

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING 2020年第12期28卷 2671-2680页

作者： Phang, Chun-Ren Ko, Li-Wei Natl Chiao Tung Univ Int PhD Program Interdisciplinary Neurosci Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Natl Chiao Tung Univ Coll Biol Sci & Technol Ctr Intelligent Drug Syst & Smart Biodevices IDS2 Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Natl Chiao Tung Univ Inst Bioinformat & Syst Biol Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Kaohsiung Med Univ Drug Dev & Value Creat Res Ctr Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan

Brain-computer interface (BCI) brings hope to patients suffering from neuromuscular diseases, by allowing the control of external devices using neural signals from the central nervous system. However, a portion of individuals was unable to operate BCI with high efficacy. This research aimed to study the brain-wide functional connectivity differences that contributed to BCI performance, and investigate the relationship between task-related connectivity strength and BCI performance. Functional connectivity was estimated using pairwise Pearson's correlation from the EEG of 48 subjects performing left or right hand motor imagery (MI) tasks. The classification accuracy of linear support vector machine (SVM) to distinguish both tasks were used to represent MI-BCI performance. The significant differences in connectivity strengths were examined using Welch's T-test. The association between accuracy and connection strength was studied using correlation model. Three intralobular and fourteen interlobular connections from the parietal lobe showed a correlation of 0.31 and -0.34 respectively. Results indicate that alpha wave connectivity from 8 Hz to 13 Hz was more related to classification performance compared to high-frequency waves. Subject-independent trial-based analysis shows that MI trials executed with stronger intralobular and interlobular parietal connections performed significantly better than trials with weaker connections. Further investigation from an independent MI dataset reveals several similar connections that were correlated with MI-BCI performance. The functional connectivity of the parietal lobe could potentially allow prediction of MI-BCI performance and enable implementation of neurofeedback training for users to improve the usability of MI-BCI.

关键词： Electroencephalography Correlation Support vector machines Feature extraction Task analysis Brain modeling Performance evaluation EEG brain-computer interface motor imagery BCI performance brain connectivity network

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Global Cortical Network Distinguishes Motor Imagination of the Left and Right Foot

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IEEE ACCESS 2020年 8卷 103734-103745页

作者： Phang, Chun-Ren Ko, Li-Wei Natl Chiao Tung Univ Coll Biol Sci & Technol Int PhD Program Interdisciplinary Neurosci Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Natl Chiao Tung Univ Ctr Intelligent Drug Syst & Smart Biodevices IDS2 Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Natl Chiao Tung Univ Inst Bioinformat & Syst Biol Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Kaohsiung Med Univ Drug Dev & Value Creat Res Ctr Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan

Conventional passive lower limb rehabilitation is suboptimal since the brain is not actively involved in the training. An autonomous motor imagery brain-computer interface (MI-BCI) could potentially improve rehabilitation outcomes. However, motor cortex regions associated with the individual feet are anatomically close to each other. This presents a difficulty in distinguishing the left and right foot MI during rehabilitation therapy. To overcome this difficulty, we extracted functional connectivity to measure the global cortical network via electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Fourteen spatial connections (P3-Fp1, P3-F3, P3-F7, P3-C3, T5-F7, T5-C3, T5-T3, Fp2-T5, Fp2-P3, T6-Fp2, T6-T4, Cz-Fp1, Cz-F7 and Fp2-F7) found across twelve subjects significantly differed between the left and right foot MI, evidencing nonlocalized brain activity during MI. Foot MI were distinguished using machine learning algorithms in terms of the time- and frequency-domain connectivities extracted from Pearson's correlation, multivariate autoregression (MVAR), bandpass correlation, and partial directed coherence (PDC) models. The results showed that connectivity extracted by pairwise Pearson's correlation could be distinguished with 86.26 +/- 9.95%, while in the frequency-domain, the gamma band presented the best classification accuracy of 73.55 +/- 17.11%. We attempted to simulate asynchronous real-time classification paradigms in order to evaluate the classification performance of connectivity features compared to common spatial pattern (CSP) and band power (BP). The results indicate correlation-connectivity has the best outcome, attaining an accuracy of 80.75 +/- 9.51% in asynchronous classification.

关键词： Brain-computer interface brain connectivity networks machine learning EEG foot motor imagery

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Assessing the Alignment of Large Language Models With Human Values for Mental Health Integration: Cross-Sectional Study Using Schwartz's Theory of Basic Values

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JMIR MENTAL HEALTH 2024年第1期11卷 e55988页

作者： Hadar-Shoval, Dorit Asraf, Kfir Mizrachi, Yonathan Haber, Yuval Elyoseph, Zohar Max Stern Yezreel Valley Coll Psychol Dept Tel Adashim Israel Max Stern Yezreel Valley Coll Jane Goodall Inst Tel Adashim Israel Tel Aviv Univ Lab AI Machine Learning Business & Data Analyt Tel Aviv Israel Bar Ilan Univ PhD Program Hermeneut & Cultural Studies Interdisciplinary Studies Unit Ramat Gan Israel Max Stern Yezreel Valley Coll Ctr Psychobiol Res Psychol Dept Tel Adashim Israel Imperial Coll London Fac Med Dept Brain Sci Fulham Palace Rd London W6 8RF England

Background: Large language models (LLMs) hold potential for mental health applications. However, their opaque alignment processes may embed biases that shape problematic perspectives. Evaluating the values embedded within LLMs that guide their decision -making have ethical importance. Schwartz's theory of basic values (STBV) provides a framework for quantifying cultural value orientations and has shown utility for examining values in mental health contexts, including cultural, diagnostic, and therapist -client dynamics. Objective: This study aimed to (1) evaluate whether the STBV can measure value -like constructs within leading LLMs and (2) determine whether LLMs exhibit distinct value -like patterns from humans and each other. Methods: In total, 4 LLMs (Bard, Claude 2, Generative Pretrained Transformer [GPT]-3.5, GPT-4) were anthropomorphized and instructed to complete the Portrait Values Questionnaire-Revised (PVQ-RR) to assess value -like constructs. Their responses over 10 trials were analyzed for reliability and validity. To benchmark the LLMs' value profiles, their results were compared to published data from a diverse sample of 53,472 individuals across 49 nations who had completed the PVQ-RR. This allowed us to assess whether the LLMs diverged from established human value patterns across cultural groups. Value profiles were also compared between models via statistical tests. Results: The PVQ-RR showed good reliability and validity for quantifying value -like infrastructure within the LLMs. However, substantial divergence emerged between the LLMs' value profiles and population data. The models lacked consensus and exhibited distinct motivational biases, reflecting opaque alignment processes. For example, all models prioritized universalism and self -direction, while de-emphasizing achievement, power, and security relative to humans. Successful discriminant analysis differentiated the 4 LLMs' distinct value profiles. Further examination found the biased value

关键词： large language models LLMs large language model LLM machine learning ML natural language processing NLP deep learning ChatGPT Chat-GPT chatbot chatbots chat-bot chat-bots Claude values Bard artificial intelligence AI algorithm algorithms predictive model predictive models predictive analytics predictive system practical model practical models mental health mental illness mental illnesses mental disease mental diseases mental disorder mental disorders mobile health mHealth eHealth mood disorder mood disorders

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Regulation of circadian rhythm and sleep by miR-375-timeless interaction in Drosophila

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FASEB JOURNAL 2020年第12期34卷 16536-16551页

作者： Xia, Xiju Fu, Xiaonan Du, Juan Wu, Binbin Zhao, Xianguo Zhu, Jinsong Zhao, Zhangwu China Agr Univ Coll Plant Protect Dept Entomol Beijing 100193 Peoples R China China Agr Univ Coll Plant Protect MOA Key Lab Pest Monitoring & Green Management Beijing 100193 Peoples R China Virginia Tech Interdisciplinary PhD Program Genet Bioinformat & Blacksburg VA USA Virginia Tech Dept Biochem 340 West Campus Dr Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

MicroRNAs are important coordinators of circadian regulation that mediate the fine-tuning of gene expression. Although many studies have shown the effects of individual miRNAs on the circadian clock, the global functional miRNA-mRNA interaction network involved in the circadian system remains poorly understood. Here, we used CLEAR (Covalent Ligation of Endogenous Argonaute-bound RNAs)-CLIP (Cross-Linking and Immuno-Precipitation) to explore the regulatory functions of miRNAs in the circadian system by comparing the miRNA-mRNA interactions betweenDrosophilawild-type strainW(1118)and a mutant of the key circadian transcriptional regulator Clock (Clk(jrk)). This experimental approach unambiguously identified tens of thousands of miRNA-mRNA interactions in both the head and body. The miRNA-mRNA interactome showed dramatic changes in theClk(jrk)flies. Particularly, among similar to 300 miRNA-mRNA circadian relevant interactions, multiple interactions involving core clock genespdp1,tim,andvridisplayed distinct changes as a result of theClkmutation. Based on the CLEAR-CLIP analysis, we found a novel regulation of the circadian rhythm and sleep by themiR-375-timelessinteraction. The results indicated thatClkdisruption abolished normal rhythmic expression ofmiR-375and the functional regulation occurred in the l-LNv neurons, wheremiR-375modulated the circadian rhythm and sleep via targetingtimeless. This work provides the first global view of miRNA regulation in the circadian rhythm.

关键词： CLEAR-CLIP circadian rhythm miRNAs miR-375 sleep

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Using a combination of gangliosides and cell surface vimentin as surface biomarkers for isolating osteosarcoma cells in microfluidic devices

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JOURNAL OF BONE ONCOLOGY 2021年 28卷 100357-100357页

作者： Fasanya, Henrietta O. Dopico, Pablo J. Yeager, Zachary Fan, Z. Hugh Siemann, Dietmar W. Univ Florida Dept Radiat Oncol Gainesville FL 32611 USA Univ Florida Coll Med MD PhD Program Gainesville FL USA Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn Interdisciplinary Microsyst Grp Gainesville FL USA J Crayton Pruitt Family Dept Biomed Engn Gainesville FL USA

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor and the third leading cause of pediatric cancer deaths. Liquid biopsies are an alternative to current diagnostic imaging modalities that can be used to monitor treatment efficacy and the development of metastases. This study addresses the use of novel biomarkers to detect circulating osteosarcoma cells. Procedures: Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the relative expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), ganglioside 2 and 3 (GD2/3), and cell surface vimentin (CSV) on a panel of OS cell lines. A microfluidic device was used to affirm the efficacy of GD2/3 and CSV to capture CTCs. Once captured, CTCs on the device are enumerated and the capture efficiency for each marker is measured. Patient samples were captured using the LFAM chip. Results: We report the evaluation of GD2, GD3, and CSV as markers for OS cell capture in cell lines and in patient samples. The results of our capture studies correlate with our flow cytometry data and have shown a low capture efficiency of OS cells using EpCAM antibodies, while showing a moderate capture efficiency of OS cells using the GD2, GD3, and CSV antibodies independently. The combination of biomarkers demonstrate a high capture efficiency of approximately 80%. This is further supported by the detection of 1-1.5 CTCs per mL of blood using GD2 + CSV in OS patient samples. Conclusions: The combination of GD2 + CSV significantly increased the capture efficacy of OS cells. The detection of CTCs through routine blood sampling may be used clinically for earlier detection of metastases and monitoring the therapeutic effect of treatments in metastatic osteosarcomas. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier GmbH. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// ***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Osteosarcoma Circulating tumor cells Ganglioside GD2 Ganglioside GD3 Vimentin

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