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Justification-Suppression and Normative Window of Prejudice as Determinants of Bias Toward Lesbians, Gays, and Bisexual Adoption Applicants

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JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2019年第4期66卷 465-486页

作者： DeVault, Alicia Miller, Monica K. Univ Nevada Interdisciplinary Social Psychol PhD Program Mailstop 1300 Reno NV 89557 USA Univ Nevada Dept Criminal Justice Reno NV 89557 USA

Despite gains in equality for lesbians, gays, and bisexuals (LGB), these couples still face discrimination in adoption scenarios. Guided by the normative window of prejudice and the justification-suppression model, participants read about a suitable or unsuitable couple applying to adopt a child. Participants indicated whether the couple should be allowed to adopt the child and how committed the couple is to being parents. Heterosexuals were perceived as less committed parents compared to LGB parents;sexual orientation was not related to adoption decisions. There was a significant interaction between sexual orientation and suitability for perceptions of commitment to parenting: in the suitable condition, heterosexuals were perceived as less committed parents compared to gays;in the unsuitable condition, heterosexuals were perceived as less committed parents compared to bisexuals. This interaction was nonsignificant for adoption decisions. Future research should determine if these findings relate to other sexual orientations or gender identities.

关键词： Lesbian gay bisexual adoption commitment justification-suppression normative window

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Analysis of human serum and urine for tentative identification of potentially carcinogenic pesticide-associated N-nitroso compounds using high-resolution mass spectrometry

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ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022年 205卷 112493页

作者： Sweeney, Crystal L. Smith, Nathan K. Sweeney, Ellen Cohen, Alejandro M. Kim, Jong Sung Dalhousie Univ Fac Grad Studies Interdisciplinary PhD Program Halifax NS Canada Dalhousie Univ Fac Med Hlth & Environm Res Ctr HERC Lab 1348 Summer St Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada Dalhousie Univ Fac Med Dept Community Hlth & Epidemiol Halifax NS Canada Dalhousie Univ Atlantic PATH Halifax NS Canada Dalhousie Univ Fac Med Prote & Mass Spectrometry Core Facil Halifax NS Canada

Human serum and urine samples were analyzed for a suite of nitrosatable pesticides and potentially carcinogenic pesticide-associated N-nitroso (PANN) compounds. Formation of PANN compounds may occur in vivo after consumption of food or water containing trace amounts of nitrosatable pesticide residues and nitrate. Using a modified version of the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method, nine nitrosatable pesticides and byproducts were extracted from serum and urine from 64 individuals from two different sample populations in Atlantic Canada: (i) Prince Edward Island, a region where nitrate and trace amounts of nitrosatable pesticides have been detected in groundwater;and (ii) Halifax, Nova Scotia, a non-agricultural urban area. Samples were then analyzed using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with highresolution accurate mass (HRAM) single-stage orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS), which allows for semi-targeted analysis and tentative identification of a virtually limitless number of exposure biomarkers. Two nitrosatable target analytes, ethylenethiourea (ETU) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) were found in serum, while atrazine (ATR) and ETU were detected in urine. Five and six PANN compounds were tentatively identified in serum and urine, respectively. The two PANN compounds that were most frequently tentatively identified in serum were N-nitroso dimethoate (N-DIM) and N-nitroso omethoate (N-OME) with detection frequencies of 78% and 95%, respectively. This is the first biomonitoring study of its kind to investigate PANN compounds in human serum and urine.

关键词： compounds Serum Urine Biomonitoring Pesticide-associated N-nitroso (PANN) UHPLC HRAM orbitrap MS

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Enzymes as an environmental bottleneck in cellulosic ethanol production: Does on-site production solve it?

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JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2022年 369卷

作者： Nogueira, G. P. Capaz, R. S. Franco, T. T. Dias, M. O. S. Cavaliero, C. K. N. Brazilian Ctr Res Energy & Mat CNPEM Brazilian Biorenewables Natl Lab LNBR Campinas Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas Interdisciplinary Ctr Energy Planning NIPE Campinas Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas Bioenergy PhD Program Campinas Brazil Univ Fed Itajuba Itajuba Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas Fac Mech Engn Campinas Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas Chem Engn Sch Campinas Brazil Univ Fed Sao Paulo Inst Sci & Technol Sao Jose Dos Campos Brazil

With the progressive implementation of Low-Carbon Policies based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodologies to assess climate change mitigation, biofuels' potential environmental advantages could finally be translated into economic revenues, especially for residue-based production chains. This implies, however, tackling environmental hotspots along the Life Cycle, such as the use of enzymes, an important input in cellulosic ethanol production. While relevant, however, aspects of enzyme manufacturing, crucial to the LCA results, are often oversimplified in databases or even undisclosed, which might render the accounting for this flow unreliable. A potential solution for this is to model enzyme production, disclosing aspects such as carbon source uptakes, energy consumption and purification steps, all of which may carry significant environmental burdens, especially for fossil-reliant procedures. Integrating these steps into the biorefinery process design as an on-site operation, however, would allow access to renewable energy and carbon sources for enzyme production, potentially reducing their burden in the final biofuel LCA profile, when compared with off-site supply. This work, then, aims to evaluate the effect of inserting on-site enzyme production within a stand-alone second-generation (2G) biorefinery, using sugarcane straw as feedstock, to produce ethanol and electricity, as opposed to off-site enzyme supply from manufacturers. The results show that adopting on-site production can reduce the overall environmental impact profile for cellulosic ethanol, in comparison to off-site supply, even though off-site data present significant variability among databases and literature. This trend persisted for varied enzyme dosages in the saccharification process and for different inventories to model off-site supply. The reference inventories for offsite supply lack transparency and details, while also displaying large discrepancies between impact indicators, indicating t

关键词： Sugarcane straw Biorefinery design and simulation Life cycle assessment On -site production

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Soil pH does not interfere with nitrification inhibitor efficiency for reducing N2O emissions from soils treated with concentrated vinasse and urea

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GEODERMA 2022年 426卷

作者： Oliveira, Bruna G. Lourenco, Kesia S. Carvalho, Joao Luis N. Gonzaga, Leandro C. Teixeira, Maria Carolina Tamara, Ana Flavia Cantarella, Heitor Agron Inst Campinas IAC Soils & Environm Resources Ctr Av Barao de Itapura 1481 BR-13020970 Campinas SP Brazil Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO Microbial Ecol Dept Droevendaalsesteeg 10 NL-6708 PB Wageningen Netherlands Brazilian Ctr Res Energy & Mat CNPEM Brazilian Biorenewables Natl Lab LNBR Rua Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10000 BR-13083100 Campinas SP Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas Interdisciplinary PhD Program Bioenergy UNICAMP Campinas SP Brazil

This study addresses the assessment of potential nitrification inhibitor (NI) 3,4-dimethylpyrazol-phosphate for mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the joint application of concentrated vinasse (CV) and urea in soils under different pHs. An incubation experiment was performed under controlled conditions to evaluate the effect of the organo-mineral fertilization containing CV and Urea (N rate: 120 kg N ha(-1)) on N2O emissions, as well as the efficiency of the NI addition, at different soil pHs (4.5 and 6.0). The treatments were: Control;Urea;Urea + NI;CV;CV + Urea;and CV + Urea + NI. The soil pH greatly influenced the N2O production with emissions 3.8-fold higher at pH 6.0 than at pH 4.5. Besides, the joint application of CV + Urea increased the N2O emissions by 1.3 and 2.9-fold (185 and 1141 mg N m(-2)) compared to Urea treatment (138 and 391 mg N m(-2)) at pH 4.5 and 6.0, respectively. The addition of NI was efficient under both soil pHs, decreasing N2O emissions by 92 and 88 % in the Urea treatment and 71 % and 91 % in the CV + Urea treatment at pH 4.5 and 6.0, respectively. Our results indicate that soil pH has a large influence on N2O emissions and little effect on the NI efficiency.

关键词： Concentrated vinasse Bioenergy Nitrous oxide Residue management

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Socio-demographic inequalities and excess non-COVID-19 mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: a data-driven analysis of 1 069 174 death certificates in Mexico

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022年第6期51卷 1711-1721页

作者： Antonio-Villa, Neftali Eduardo Bello-Chavolla, Omar Yaxmehen Fermin-Martinez, Carlos A. Aburto, Jose Manuel Fernandez-Chirino, Luisa Ramirez-Garcia, Daniel Pisanty-Alatorre, Julio Gonzalez-Diaz, Armando Vargas-Vazquez, Arsenio Barquera, Simon Gutierrez-Robledo, Luis Miguel Seiglie, Jacqueline A. Inst Nacl Geriatria Div Invest Anillo Perif 2767 Mexico City 10200 DF Mexico Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Fac Med MD PhD PECEM Program Mexico City DF Mexico Univ Oxford Leverhulme Ctr Demog Sci Dept Sociol Oxford England Univ Southern Denmark Interdisciplinary Ctr Populat Dynam Odense Denmark Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Fac Chem Mexico City DF Mexico Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Mexico City DF Mexico Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Fac Med Dept Salud Publ Mexico City DF Mexico Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Fac Ciencias Polit Sociales & Sociales Mexico City DF Mexico Natl Inst Publ Hlth Hlth & Nutr Res Ctr Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico Massachusetts Gen Hosp Diabet Unit Boston MA 02114 USA Harvard Med Sch Dept Med Boston MA 02115 USA

Background In 2020, Mexico experienced one of the highest rates of excess mortality globally. However, the extent of non-COVID deaths on excess mortality, its regional distribution and the association between socio-demographic inequalities have not been characterized. Methods We conducted a retrospective municipal and individual-level study using 1 069 174 death certificates to analyse COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 deaths classified by ICD-10 codes. Excess mortality was estimated as the increase in cause-specific mortality in 2020 compared with the average of 2015-2019, disaggregated by primary cause of death, death setting (in-hospital and out-of-hospital) and geographical location. Correlates of individual and municipal non-COVID-19 mortality were assessed using mixed effects logistic regression and negative binomial regression models, respectively. Results We identified a 51% higher mortality rate (276.11 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants) compared with the 2015-2019 average period, largely attributable to COVID-19. Non-COVID-19 causes comprised one-fifth of excess deaths, with acute myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes as the two leading non-COVID-19 causes of excess mortality. COVID-19 deaths occurred primarily in-hospital, whereas excess non-COVID-19 deaths occurred in out-of-hospital settings. Municipal-level predictors of non-COVID-19 excess mortality included levels of social security coverage, higher rates of COVID-19 hospitalization and social marginalization. At the individual level, lower educational attainment, blue-collar employment and lack of medical care assistance prior to death were associated with non-COVID-19 deaths. Conclusion Non-COVID-19 causes of death, largely chronic cardiometabolic conditions, comprised up to one-fifth of excess deaths in Mexico during 2020. Non-COVID-19 excess deaths occurred disproportionately out-of-hospital and were associated with both individual- and municipal-level socio-demographic inequalities.

关键词： Excess mortality inequalities social lag COVID-19 Mexico

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A rationally engineered decoder of transient intracellular signals

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 2021年第1期12卷 1886-1886页

作者： Lormeau, Claude Rudolf, Fabian Stelling, Joerg Swiss Fed Inst Technol Dept Biosyst Sci & Engn Mattenstr 26 CH-4058 Basel Switzerland Swiss Fed Inst Technol SIB Swiss Inst Bioinformat Mattenstr 26 CH-4058 Basel Switzerland Life Sci Zurich Grad Sch Interdisciplinary PhD Program Syst Biol Zurich Switzerland

Cells can encode information about their environment by modulating signaling dynamics and responding accordingly. Yet, the mechanisms cells use to decode these dynamics remain unknown when cells respond exclusively to transient signals. Here, we approach design principles underlying such decoding by rationally engineering a synthetic short-pulse decoder in budding yeast. A computational method for rapid prototyping, TopoDesign, allowed us to explore 4122 possible circuit architectures, design targeted experiments, and then rationally select a single circuit for implementation. This circuit demonstrates short-pulse decoding through incoherent feedforward and positive feedback. We predict incoherent feedforward to be essential for decoding transient signals, thereby complementing proposed design principles of temporal filtering, the ability to respond to sustained signals, but not to transient signals. More generally, we anticipate TopoDesign to help designing other synthetic circuits with non-intuitive dynamics, simply by assembling available biological components. Cells encode information by modulating signal dynamics. Here the authors developed a rapid prototyping tool, TopoDesign, to engineer a synthetic short-pulse decoder in yeast.

关键词： Gene regulatory networks Synthetic biology

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Multi-site investigation of gut microbiota in CDKL5 deficiency disorder mouse models: Targeting dysbiosis to improve neurological outcomes

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Cell Reports 2025年第4期44卷 115546页

作者： Damiani, Francesca Giuliano, Maria Grazia Cornuti, Sara Putignano, Elena Tognozzi, Andrea Suckow, Vanessa Kalscheuer, Vera M. Pizzorusso, Tommaso Tognini, Paola Laboratory of Biology BIO@SNS Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 Pisa 56126 Italy Health Science Interdisciplinary Center Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33 Pisa 56127 Italy Institute of Neuroscience National Research Council Via G. Moruzzi 1 Pisa 56124 Italy PhD Program in Clinical and Translational Science University of Pisa Via Savi 10 Pisa 56126 Italy Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics Ihnestraße 63 Berlin 14195 Germany

Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder (CDD) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder often associated with gastrointestinal (GI) issues and subclinical immune dysregulation, suggesting a link to the gut microbiota. We analyze the fecal microbiota composition in two CDKL5 knockout (KO) mouse models at postnatal days (P) 25, 32 (youth), and 70 (adulthood), revealing significant microbial imbalances, particularly during juvenile stages. To investigate the role of the intestinal microbiota in CDD and assess causality, we administer antibiotics, which lead to improved visual cortical responses and reduce hyperactivity. Additionally, microglia morphology changes, indicative of altered surveillance and activation states, are reversed. Strikingly, fecal transplantation from CDKL5 KO to wild-type (WT) recipient mice successfully transfers both visual response deficits and hyperactive behavior. These findings show that gut microbiota alterations contribute to the severity of neurological symptoms in CDD, shedding light on the interplay between microbiota, microglia, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. © 2025

关键词： antibiotics CDKL5 CP: Microbiology CP: Neuroscience dysbiosis fecal transplantation gut microbiota gut-brain axis microglia neurodevelopmental disorder

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Cellular recovery after prolonged warm ischaemia of the whole body

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NATURE 2022年第7922期608卷 405-+页

作者： Andrijevic, David Vrselja, Zvonimir Lysyy, Taras Zhang, Shupei Skarica, Mario Spajic, Ana Dellal, David Thorn, Stephanie L. Duckrow, Robert B. Ma, Shaojie Duy, Phan Q. Isiktas, Atagun U. Liang, Dan Li, Mingfeng Kim, Suel-Kee Daniele, Stefano G. Banu, Khadija Perincheri, Sudhir Menon, Madhav C. Huttner, Anita Sheth, Kevin N. Gobeske, Kevin T. Tietjen, Gregory T. Zaveri, Hitten P. Latham, Stephen R. Sinusas, Albert J. Sestan, Nenad Yale Sch Med Dept Neurosci New Haven CT 06510 USA Yale Sch Med New Haven Dept Surg New Haven CT USA Yale Sch Med Dept Genet New Haven CT 06510 USA Yale Univ Dept Biomed Engn New Haven CT USA Yale Sch Med Yale Translat Res Imaging Ctr Dept Med New Haven CT USA Yale Univ Sch Med Dept Neurol New Haven CT 06510 USA Yale Sch Med Dept Neurosurg New Haven CT USA Yale Sch Med Med Scientist Training Program MD PhD New Haven CT USA Yale Sch Med Dept Nephrol New Haven CT USA Yale Sch Med Dept Pathol New Haven CT USA Yale Univ Interdisciplinary Ctr Bioeth New Haven CT USA Yale Sch Med Vasc Biol & Therapeut Program New Haven CT USA Yale Sch Med Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging New Haven CT USA Yale Sch Med Dept Psychiat New Haven CT 06510 USA Yale Sch Med Dept Comparat Med New Haven CT 06510 USA Yale Sch Med Program Cellular Neurosci Neurodegenerat & Repair New Haven CT 06510 USA Yale Child Study Ctr New Haven CT 06519 USA

After cessation of blood flow or similar ischaemic exposures, deleterious molecular cascades commence in mammalian cells, eventually leading to their death(1,2). Yet with targeted interventions, these processes can be mitigated or reversed, even minutes or hours post mortem, as also reported in the isolated porcine brain using BrainEx technology(3). To date, translating single-organ interventions to intact, whole-body applications remains hampered by circulatory and multisystem physiological challenges. Here we describe OrganEx, an adaptation ofthe BrainEx extracorporeal pulsatile-perfusion system and cytoprotective perfusate for porcine whole-body settings. After 1 h of warm ischaemia, OrganEx application preserved tissue integrity, decreased cell death and restored selected molecular and cellular processes across multiple vital organs. Commensurately, single-nucleustranscriptomic analysis revealed organ- and cell-type-specific gene expression patternsthat are reflective of specific molecular and cellular repair processes. Our analysis comprises a comprehensive resource of cell-type-specific changes during defined ischaemic intervals and perfusion interventions spanning multiple organs, and it reveals an underappreciated potential for cellular recovery after prolonged whole-body warm ischaemia in a large mammal.

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Research Note: Association of temporal expression of myostatin with hypertrophic muscle growth in different Japanese quail lines

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POULTRY SCIENCE 2020年第6期99卷 2926-2930页

作者： Kim, Dong-Hwan Choi, Young Min Suh, Yeunsu Shin, Sangsu Lee, Joonbum Hwang, Seongsoo Lee, Kichoon Ohio State Univ Dept Anim Sci Columbus OH 43210 USA Kyungpook Natl Univ Dept Anim Sci Sangju 37224 South Korea Kyungpook Natl Univ Dept Anim Biotechnol Sangju 37224 South Korea Ohio State Univ Interdisciplinary PhD Program Nutr Columbus OH 43210 USA Natl Inst Anim Sci RDA Anim Biotechnol Div Jeonbuk 55365 South Korea

Myostatin (MSTN) negatively regulates in muscle growth and development. Among alternative splicing isoforms of avian MSTN, MSTN-A has anti-myogenic activities and MSTN-B functions as a pro-myogenic factor. In this study, different lines of Japanese quail were used: a random bred control (RBC) and a heavy weight (HW) quail line with muscle hypertrophy. The objectives of the current study are to compare temporal expression of the MSTN isoforms in pectoralis major muscle (PM) between 2 quail lines and to relate MSTN expression with temporal changes in muscle growth and total amounts of DNA in PM. Gains of body weight (BW) and PM weight were greater until post -hatch day (D) 28 (P < 0.001), and the fold increases in total DNA contents of PM were greater in the HW line compared with the RBC line during D7 to D28 (P < 0.05). PCR analysis showed that MSTN-A expression was greater at 14 D (E14) of embryonic age (P < 0.01), D7 (P = 0.052), and D14 (P < 0.01) in the RBC line compared with the HW line. At D28 and D75, expression of MSTN-A was greater in the HW line compared with the RBC line (P < 0.05). MSTN-B expression was barely detectable from E14 to D14 and measurable from D28 to D75 in the muscle of both lines. Ratios of the MSTN-B/-A form ranging from 0.15 to 0.29 indicate a minor expression of the B form. Taken together, the lesser expression levels of MSTN-A at E14, D7, and D14 are associated with the fast growth of PM, and greater MSTN-A expression at D28 and D75 are associated with a slowdown of PM growth in the HW line. These data indicate a negative association of MSTN expression with PM growth and provide a scientific basis for potential usage of MSTN expression as a selection marker for greater muscle growth in poultry.

关键词： myostatin hypertrophy HW quail muscle development MSTN isoforms

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A unified qualitative-quantitative method to evaluate the impact of being a near-peer health educator

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022年第Sup3期32卷 ckac131.369-ckac131.369页

作者： Arva, D. Cseh, A. Meszaros, A. Major, D. Jeney, A. Dunai, D. Zorgo, S. Semmelweis Univ Fac Med Dept Publ Hlth Budapest Hungary Ivan Franko Natl Univ Lviv Balt Black Sea Reg Studies Programme Fac Int Relat Lvov Ukraine Eotvos Lorand Univ Fac Social Sci Interdisciplinary Social Res PhD Program Budapest Hungary Maastricht Univ Fac Hlth Med & Life Sci Care & Publ Hlth Res Inst Maastricht Netherlands

Grasping the complexity of public health interventions is of increasing interest. program evaluation may involve previously known and unknown variables; the former are best explored with quantitative, the latter with qualitative methods. As part of the impact evaluation of the Balassagyarmat Health Education program (BEP), a near-peer education intervention targeting adolescents from a disadvantaged region of Hungary, we aimed to understand the complex effects of being an educator on medical students’ knowledge about the biopsychosocial model of health. Thus, we developed a unified method that enables us to conduct an exploratory study on the effects of our intervention, then quantify and model that qualitative data. We started the method design with literature review and consultations with methodological and public health experts. We then refined the research questions based on a focus-group discussion held with 6 peer educators. After a set of pilot-interviews, we chose simulation interviewing as our knowledge elicitation procedure, then finalized the protocol with the help of additional piloting. In this unified method, simulation interviews are administered to peer educators and aligned controls, and cognitive task analysis is performed with the help of visual stimuli. Codes are developed inductively and, along with segmentation procedures, applied deductively to the entire dataset via the Reproducible Open Coding Kit. Resulting quantified narratives are further processed with Epistemic Network Analysis. The relative frequency of code co-occurrence in each segment is modelled with networks enabling the qualitative and statistical comparison of data between subsamples. Building on the benefits of qualitative and quantitative approaches, this method offers a complex evaluation of the impact of health education interventions. By strengthening the methods of program evaluation we aim to facilitate the development of more effective *** messages • Qualit

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