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Death penalty decision-making: Fundamentalist beliefs and the evaluation of aggravating and mitigating circumstances

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LEGAL AND CRIMINOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019年第1期24卷 103-122页

作者： Yelderman, Logan A. West, Matthew P. Miller, Monica K. Prairie View A&M Univ Dept Psychol POB 519MS 2600 Prairie View TX 77446 USA Univ Nevada Dept Criminal Justice Las Vegas NV 89154 USA Univ Nevada Dept Criminal Justice Interdisciplinary Social Psychol PhD Program Reno NV 89557 USA

Purpose Jurors' religious characteristics are related to death penalty attitudes and verdicts. Jurors' religious characteristics might also relate to endorsements of aggravating circumstances (aggravators) and mitigating circumstances (mitigators)-factors that make a defendant more or less deserving of the death penalty, respectively. The purpose of this research was to assess the extent to which religious fundamentalism was related to endorsement and weighing of aggravators and mitigators and subsequent death penalty decisions while controlling for relevant religious and demographic characteristics. Methods Two studies were conducted. Study 1 included a regression analysis in which participants filled out religious and demographic measures via an online survey. In Study 2, participants acted as mock jurors in a death penalty trial in which the defendant was already found guilty. Mock jurors read the case facts and attorney arguments and then weighed aggravators and mitigators before recommending a sentence for the defendant. Results In Study 1, fundamentalism negatively predicted mitigator endorsement, intrinsic religiosity negatively predicted aggravator endorsement, and orthodoxy positively predicted aggravator endorsement. In Study 2, fundamentalism was related to death penalty sentences, and this was mediated by people's weighing of aggravators and mitigators. Specifically, fundamentalism was related to a lower likelihood of choosing a life sentence because fundamentalism was negatively related to weighing mitigators over aggravators. Conclusions Results support and explain prior research linking fundamentalism with punitiveness in death penalty cases. Such findings support the "eye for an eye" punishment philosophy associated with fundamentalist beliefs. Theoretical and legal implications are discussed.

关键词： religion fundamentalism death penalty aggravating and mitigating circumstances attitudes

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EXPONENTIAL STABILITY AND NUMERICAL TREATMENT FOR PIEZOELECTRIC BEAMS WITH MAGNETIC EFFECT

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ESAIM-MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS-MODELISATION MATHEMATIQUE ET ANALYSE NUMERIQUE 2018年第1期52卷 255-274页

作者： Ramos, Anderson J. A. Goncalves, Cledson S. L. Correa Neto, Silverio S. Fed Univ Para PhD Program Math Augusto Correa St 01 BR-66075110 Belem Para Brazil Fed Univ Para Fac Math Interdisciplinary Innovat Lab LabX Salinopolis PA Brazil

In this paper, we consider a one-dimensional dissipative system of piezoelectric beams with magnetic effect, inspired by the model studied by Morris and Ozer (Proc. of 52nd IEEE Conference on Decision & Control (2013) 3014-3019). Our main interest is to analyze the issues relating to exponential stability of the total energy of the continuous problem and reproduce a numerical counterpart in a totally discrete domain, which preserves the important decay property of the numerical energy.

关键词： Piezoelectric beams magnetic effect exponential decay finite-difference discretization

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Changes in Soil Pest Populations Caused by Sugarcane Straw Removal in Brazil

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BIOENERGY RESEARCH 2019年第4期12卷 878-887页

作者： Quassi de Castro, Sergio Gustavo Dinardo-Miranda, Leila Luci Fracasso, Juliano Vilela Bordonal, Ricardo Oliveira Santos Menandro, Lauren Maine Junqueira Franco, Henrique Coutinho Nunes Carvalho, Joao Luis Brazilian Ctr Res Energy & Mat CNPEM Brazilian Biorenewables Natl Lab LNBR 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St BR-13083100 Sao Paulo SP Brazil Agron Inst Campinas IAC Sugarcane Ctr Antonio Duarte Nogueira Rd Km 321 BR-14001970 Sao Paulo SP Brazil Univ Campinas UNICAMP Interdisciplinary PhD Program Bioenergy 80 Monteiro Lobato St BR-13083862 Sao Paulo SP Brazil

The adoption of green cane harvesting system without burning has triggered the increase of pest infestations in sugarcane fields. This makes straw removal a promising alternative for pest control in sugarcane fields. However, further research is needed to understand the impacts of straw removal on pest infestation under field conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of root spittlebug (Mahanarva fimbriolata) and sphenophorus (Sphenophorus levis) under different rates of straw removal and contrasting edaphoclimatic conditions in the Sao Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. Eight field experiments were conducted throughout the sugarcane cropping cycle (two crop seasons) and were arranged in a randomized block design with four replicates. The experimental design included four straw removal rates: total removal, low removal, high removal, and no removal. The incidence of pests was evaluated during September and March (spring/summer seasons in the Southern Hemisphere) for root spittlebug and April to August (autumn/winter) for sphenophorus populations. Straw removal reduced root spittlebug infestation and this effect was more evident in clayey soils. The incidence of root spittlebug was three times higher in clayey soils compared to sandy soils. Straw removal did not influence sphenophorus population but reduced damages in sugarcane plants especially in clayey soils. The damage caused by sphenophorus was three times higher in clayey than in sandy soils. This study emphasizes that straw removal by itself is not a feasible strategy to control the root spittlebug and sphenophorus infestations in sugarcane cultivated areas of Brazil, thus an integrated management strategy should be a high priority.

关键词： Mahanarva fimbriolata Sphenophorus levis Straw management Ratoon damage Saccharum spp

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Antioxidation and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Ability of Coffee Pulp Extract by Ethanol

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JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2021年第1期2021卷

作者： Chen, Cheng-You Shih, Chia-Hung Lin, Tzu-Che Zheng, Ji-Hong Hsu, Chien-Chieh Chen, Kai-Meng Lin, Yung-Sheng Wu, Chin-Tung Natl United Univ PhD Program Mat & Chem Engn Miaoli 360001 Taiwan Natl United Univ Dept Chem Engn Miaoli 360001 Taiwan Council Agr Miaoli Dist Agr Res & Extens Stn Miaoli 360001 Taiwan Natl Pingtung Univ Sci & Technol Dept Plant Ind Pingtung 912301 Taiwan Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Coll Management Dept Bussiness Adm Touliu 640301 Yunlin Taiwan Natl Yang Ming Chino Tung Univ Inst Food Safety & Hlth Risk Assessment Taipei 112304 Taiwan Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Coll Future Bachelor Program Interdisciplinary Studies Touliu 640301 Yunlin Taiwan

Background. Following petroleum, coffee is the second most commonly traded commodity globally. It is also a popular good with economic value, as well as value in terms of leisure and culture. However, coffee processing generates a large amount of waste, resulting in environmental concerns. Therefore, in this study, ethanol was used to extract coffee waste (coffee pulp). High-performance liquid chromatography was conducted to examine the caffeine content and chlorogenic acid content, and the antioxidant capacity (i.e., the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH-free radical scavenging capacity, ABTS-free radical scavenging capacity, and reductive capacity) and the tyrosinase inhibition capacity of the coffee pulp extracted using ethanol were comprehensively evaluated. Results. The results showed that the coffee pulp extract obtained using 70% ethanol had the highest tyrosinase inhibition capacity, whereas that obtained using 50% ethanol had the most satisfactory antioxidant capacity (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH-free radical scavenging capacity, ABTS-free radical scavenging capacity, and reductive capacity). Conclusion. The results revealed that coffee pulp has superior antioxidant capacity and tyrosinase inhibition capacity when extracted by ethanol. Increasing the economic value of coffee pulp can solve the environmental concerns caused by coffee waste.

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Cartilaginous fishes offer unique insights into the evolution of the nuclear receptor gene repertoire in gnathostomes

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GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY 2020年 295卷 113527-113527页

作者： Fonseca, Elza Machado, Andre M. Vilas-Arrondo, Nair Gomes-dos-Santos, Andre Verissimo, Ana Esteves, Pedro Almeida, Tereza Themudo, Goncalo Ruivo, Raquel Perez, Montse da Fonseca, Rute Santos, Miguel M. Froufe, Elsa Roman-Marcote, Esther Venkatesh, Byrappa Castro, L. Filipe C. Univ Porto CIIMAR CIMAR Interdisciplinary Ctr Marine & Envir Av Gen Norton De Matos S-N P-4450208 Matosinhos Portugal Univ Porto Dept Biol FCUP Fac Sci P-4169007 Porto Portugal Inst Espanol Oceanog Ctr Oceanog Vigo AQUACOV Vigo 36390 Spain Univ Vigo Fac Biol PhD Program Marine Sci Tehchol & Management Do MA UVIGO Vigo 36200 Spain Univ Porto Associate Lab CIBIO Res Ctr Biodivers & Genet Resources InBIO P-4485661 Vairao Portugal Univ Copenhagen Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate GLOBE Inst Copenhagen Denmark ASTAR Comparat Genom Lab Biopolis Inst Mol & Cell Biol Singapore 138673 Singapore

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are key transcription factors that originated in the common ancestor of metazoans. The vast majority of NRs are triggered by binding to either endogenous (e.g. retinoic acid) or exogenous (e.g. xenobiotics) ligands, and their evolution and expansion is tightly linked to the function of endocrine systems. Importantly, they represent classic targets of physiological exploitation by endocrine disrupting chemicals. The NR gene repertoire in different lineages has been shaped by gene loss, duplication and mutation, denoting a dynamic evolutionary route. As the earliest diverging class of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates), cartilaginous fishes offer an exceptional opportunity to address the early diversification of NR gene families and the evolution of the endocrine system in jawed vertebrates. Here we provide an exhaustive analysis into the NR gene composition in five elasmobranch (sharks and rays) and two holocephalan (chimaeras) species. For this purpose, we generated also a low coverage draft genome assembly of the chimaera small-eyed rabbitfish, Hydrolagus affinis. We show that cartilaginous fish retain an archetypal NR gene repertoire, similar to that of mammals and coincident with the two rounds of whole genome duplication that occurred in the gnathostome ancestor. Furthermore, novel gene members of the non-canonical NR0B receptors were found in the genomes of this lineage. Our findings provide an essential view into the early diversification of NRs in gnathostomes, paving the way for functional studies.

关键词： Nuclear receptors Genome Gene loss Gene duplication

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Relationship of athletic and academic identity to concussion reporting intentions

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MUSCULOSKELETAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2019年 42卷 186-192页

作者： Wayment, Heidi A. Huffman, Ann H. Lane, Taylor S. Lininger, Monica R. No Arizona Univ Psychol Sci 1100 S Beaver St Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA No Arizona Univ WA Franke Coll Business 101 E McConnell Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA No Arizona Univ Phys Therapy & Athlet Training 208 E Pine Knoll Dr Flagstaff AZ USA No Arizona Univ Interdisciplinary Hlth PhD Program 1100 S Beaver St Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA

Background: Understanding concussed athletes' motivations for reporting concussion symptoms is important for health care professionals who are charged with the care, management, and prevention of future injury. Objectives: To examine if athletic and academic identity predict concussion symptom reporting intentions above and beyond traditional socio-cognitive predictors. Design: Cross-sectional study using self-report measures during the 2016 collegiate football season. Method: In a sample of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I American football athletes (N = 205) we examined the relationship of athletic and academic identity with three indices of symptom reporting behavior: reporting during a game, reporting 24 h after a game, and reporting on behalf of a teammate. We used descriptive statistical analyses, correlations, and linear regression to examine hypotheses. Results: Controlling for traditional predictors, athletic identity was associated with a lower likelihood to report symptoms during a game (beta = -0.22, t = -3.28, p < .001) or within 24 h (beta = -0.28, t = -4.12, p < .001). Academic identity was positively associated with reporting intentions during a game (beta = 0.12, t = 1.68, p < .05), 24 h later (beta = 0.13, t = 1.85, p < .05), and on behalf of a teammate (beta = 0.22, t = -3.36, p < .001). Conclusions: Athletic and academic identities offer additional insight into athletes' motivation for concussion symptom reporting intentions, above and beyond traditional socio-cognitive predictors. Discussion focuses on the benefit of incorporating these important self-identities into educational health interventions to improve their impact.

关键词： Athletic self-identity Academic identity Concussion-reporting intentions

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Cultural Differences in Shame and Guilt as Understandable Reasons for Suicide

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PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS 2018年第3期121卷 396-429页

作者： Crowder, Marisa K. Kemmelmeier, Markus Univ Nevada Interdisciplinary Social Psychol PhD Program Reno NV 89557 USA Univ Nevada Dept Sociol Reno NV 89557 USA

According to the World Health Organization, a major barrier to suicide prevention work is the social stigma surrounding suicide. Since clinical research has long shown that shame and guilt are often involved in suicide and suicide ideation, the present two studies explore the extent to which individuals associate shame and guilt with suicide ideation and behavior according to their cultural background. Using a scenario approach, 1,147 Americans in two separate studies read about a traumatic situation in which the target person experienced intense shame or intense guilt. A mini meta-analysis of these studies showed that all participants were more likely to link the experience of shame to suicidality than guilt. Additionally, participants from U.S. dignity states were more likely to report suicide ideation when the target experienced guilt as opposed to shame. Our findings support the notion that the centrality of the emotions of shame and guilt varies relative to the social context, which has implications on how others perceive suicide.

关键词： Shame guilt suicide honor culture

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A mitochondrial genome assembly of the opal chimaera,Chimaera opalescensLuchetti, Iglésias et Sellos 2011, using PacBio HiFi long reads

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Mitochondrial DNA Part B 2022年第3期7卷 434-437页

作者： Nair Vilas-Arrondo André Gomes-dos-Santos Montse Pérez Francisco Baldó Ana Veríssimo Diana Catarino André M. Machado Esther Román-Marcote Rafael Bañón Elsa Froufe L. Filipe C. Castro a AQUACOV Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO CSIC) Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo Vigo Spainb UVIGO PhD Program “Marine Science Technology and Management” (Do*MAR) Faculty of Biology University of Vigo Vigo Spain c CIIMAR/CIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research University of Porto Matosinhos Portugald Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Porto Porto Portugal a AQUACOV Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO CSIC) Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo Vigo Spain e Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO CSIC) Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz Cádiz Spain f BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIO Vairão Portugal g Ocean Sciences Institute - Okeanos Universidade dos Açores Horta Portugal h Servizo de Planificación Consellería do Mar Xunta de Galicia Santiago de Compostela SpainBIOPESLE Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO CSIC) Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo Vigo Spain g Ocean Sciences Institute - Okeanos Universidade dos Açores Horta Portugali Grupo de Estudos do Medio Mariño (GEMM) Ribeira Spain c CIIMAR/CIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research University of Porto Matosinhos Portugal

Chondrichthyans (sharks, rays and chimeras) are a fascinating and highly vulnerable group of early branching gnathostomes. However, they remain comparatively poorly sampled from the point of view of molecular resources, with deep water taxa being particularly data deficient. The development of long-read sequencing technologies enables the analysis of phylogenetic relationships through a precise and reliable assembly of complete mtDNA genomes. The sequencing and characterization of the complete mitogenome of the opal chimeraChimera opalescensLuchetti, Iglésias et Sellos 2011, using the long-read technique PacBio HiFi is presented. The entire mitogenome was 23,411 bp long and shows the same overall content, i.e. 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA and 2 ribosomal RNA genes, as all other examined Chondrichthyan mitogenomes. Phylogenetic reconstructions using all available Chondrichthyan mitogenomes, including 11 Holocephali (chimeras and ratfishes), placesC. opalescenswithin the Chimaeridae family. Furthermore, the results reinforce previous findings, showing the genusChimeraas paraphyletic and thus highlighting the need to expand molecular approaches in this group of cartilaginous fishes.

关键词： Chondrichthyes Chimaeridae short-nosed chimeras PacBio

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Biosynthesis of mycobacterial methylmannose polysaccharides requires a unique 1-O-methyltransferase specific for 3-O-methylated mannosides

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2019年第3期116卷 835-844页

作者： Ripoll-Rozada, Jorge Costa, Mafalda Manso, Jose A. Maranha, Ana Miranda, Vanessa Sequeira, Andre Rita Ventura, M. Macedo-Ribeiro, Sandra Barbosa Pereira, Pedro Jose Empadinhas, Nuno Univ Porto Inst Biol Mol & Celular IBMC P-4200135 Porto Portugal Univ Porto Inst Invest & Inovacao Saude P-4200135 Porto Portugal Univ Coimbra Ctr Neurosci & Cell Biol CNC P-3004504 Coimbra Portugal Univ Coimbra Inst Interdisciplinary Res IIIUC PhD Program Expt Biol & Biomed PDBEB P-3030789 Coimbra Portugal Univ Nova Lisboa Inst Tecnol Quim Biol Bioorgan Chem Grp P-2780157 Oeiras Portugal Univ Coimbra Inst Interdisciplinary Res IIIC P-3030789 Coimbra Portugal

Mycobacteria are a wide group of organisms that includes strict pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as environmental species known as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), some of which-namely Mycobacterium avium-are important opportunistic pathogens. In addition to a distinctive cell envelope mediating critical interactions with the host immune system and largely responsible for their formidable resistance to antimicrobials, mycobacteria synthesize rare intracellular polymethylated polysaccharides implicated in the modulation of fatty acidmetabolism, thus critical players in cell envelope assembly. These are the 6-O-methylglucose lipopolysaccharides (MGLP) ubiquitously detected across the Mycobacterium genus, and the 3-O-methylmannose polysaccharides (MMP) identified only in NTM. The polymethylated nature of these polysaccharides renders the intervening methyltransferases essential for their optimal function. Although the knowledge of MGLP biogenesis is greater than that of MMP biosynthesis, the methyltransferases of both pathways remain uncharacterized. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a unique S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent sugar 1-O-methyltransferase (MeT1) from Mycobacterium hassiacum that specifically blocks the 1-OH position of 3,3'-di-O-methyl-4a-mannobiose, a probable early precursor ofMMP, whichwe chemically synthesized. The highresolution 3D structure of MeT1 in complex with its exhausted cofactor, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, together with mutagenesis studies and molecular docking simulations, unveiled the enzyme's reaction mechanism. The functional and structural properties of this unique sugar methyltransferase further our knowledge of MMP biosynthesis and provide important tools to dissect the role of MMP in NTM physiology and resilience.

关键词： Mycobacterium polymethylated polysaccharides sugar methyltransferase S-adenosyl-L-methionine 3D structure

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Individual Differences Relate to Support for Insanity and Postpartum Depression Legal Defenses: The Mediating Role of Moral Disengagement

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PSYCHIATRY PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW 2018年第2期25卷 219-236页

作者： Wood, Emily F. Trescher, Sarah A. Miller, Monica K. McDermott, Christine M. Univ Nevada Interdisciplinary Social Psychol PhD Program Reno NV 89557 USA Univ Nevada Dept Criminal Justice Reno NV 89557 USA

Postpartum depression defense (PPDD) is a form of insanity defense often used when mothers harm their children. Although courts have determined that insanity defenses, including PPDD, can be used as legitimate criminal defenses, such defenses are often misunderstood among jurors and laypersons. The current survey of 467 undergraduates examines relationships between individual differences and support for PPDD and the insanity defense. Need for cognition was found to be positively related to support for PPDD and the insanity defense, while legal authoritarianism (LA) was found to be negatively related to support for both defenses. Faith in intuition is negatively related to support for the insanity defense. In this sample, women are more likely than men to support the PPDD, but not the insanity defense. Additionally, relationships between support and both the need for cognition and LA are partially mediated by moral disengagement, which is negatively related to support for PPDD and insanity defenses. These results replicate a model used in different legal contexts. Implications for legal and academic communities are discussed.

关键词： faith in intuition insanity defense legal authoritarianism mediation moral disengagement need for cognition postpartum depression

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