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Autonomous People: Identity, Agency, and Automated Driving

JOURNAL OF URBAN TECHNOLOGY 2021年第3-4期28卷 25-44页

作者： Dunn, Peter T. Univ Washington Interdisciplinary PhD Program Urban Design & Plan Seattle WA 98195 USA

The prevailing discourse on autonomous vehicles (AVs) has not yet developed a sophisticated conceptualization of autonomy and has given insufficient attention to the autonomy of people. In response, this article shifts our attention away from the AV's autonomy and towards that of its user. Autonomy is conceived here as the socially and materially situated capacity of an individual to identify and act on one's own values and desires, a capacity that is desirable for collective political life. This definition is drawn selectively from a survey of thought illustrating the richness of this concept. I then examine how studies of transportation have already made use of certain themes of autonomy in understanding mobility practices beyond dominant utilitarian models. This sets up an examination of AVs, where the existing literature tends to use a narrow conceptualization of autonomy. I then briefly examine two examples of unsettled questions in AV development, discretionary user controls and shared ride systems, in light of autonomy. The goal of this article is both to show how autonomy can be productive in understanding mobility practices, and to argue for personal autonomy as a normative value worth pursuing in the technical, political, and social development of automated mobility systems.

关键词： Autonomy agency autonomous vehicles mobility

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The effect of a presumption of guilt on police guilt judgments

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PSYCHOLOGY CRIME & LAW 2025年第4期31卷 462-483页

作者： Yang, Yueran Madon, Stephanie Cabell, Jean J. Kruger, Sarah A. Guyll, Max Univ Nevada Dept Psychol Reno NV USA Univ Nevada Interdisciplinary Social Psychol PhD Program Reno NV USA Arizona State Univ Dept Psychol Glendale AZ USA Univ Nevada Dept Psychol 1664 N Virginia St Reno NV 89557 USA

Police conduct pre-interrogation interviews with suspects whom they presume might be guilty. This research tested whether a presumption of guilt causes police to misclassify innocent suspects as guilty during pre-interrogation interviews by virtue of biasing their interpretation of suspects' emotional states. In two experiments, college students (n = 33) and police officers (n = 33) each watched eight videos in which an experimenter interviewed a student who was either factually guilty or factually innocent of having cheated on a problem-solving task. After watching each video, participants reported their judgments of the interviewed student's emotional state and guilt-status. The results indicated that both college students and police officers reported higher guilt judgments when they presumed the interviewed students to be guilty versus innocent. Additionally, participants' perceptions of the interviewed students' emotional states mediated this effect. Factual guilt-status did not influence judgments rendered by either college students or police officers. The results suggest that police may be susceptible to misclassifying innocent suspects as guilty when they hold a presumption of guilt at the outset of a pre-interrogation interview.

关键词： pre-interrogation interview confirmation bias guilt judgment police interrogation

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"You're just not real". LGBTQ plus youth and the struggle for identity in school

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EDUCATIONAL REVIEW 2025年第4期77卷 1085-1104页

作者： Harris, Richard Wilson-Daily, Ann E. Kemmelmeier, Markus Copsey-Blake, Meggie Univ Reading Inst Educ 4 Redlands Rd Reading RG1 5EX England Univ Barcelona Fac Educ Barcelona Spain Univ Nevada Interdisciplinary Social Psychol PhD Program Reno NV USA Univ Nevada Grad Sch Reno NV USA

This study explores the challenges of students who identify as LGBTQ+ in six secondary schools in the south of England. Drawing on survey data from five schools (n = 257), and focus groups in six schools with 33 students, this study looks at the way that school culture and school climate operate and how these impact on the experiences of LGBTQ+ youngsters. This paper examines how school culture and climate serve to challenge, and occasionally affirm, LGBTQ+ identities, and how LGBTQ+ youngsters try to mediate the challenges raised by the culture and climate within schools. The comparison between schools shows that some provide more inclusive environments, but this is often at the level of the school climate, rather than the overall culture. Generally, schools should be looking to create more inclusive school cultures that are affirming of young people's LGBTQ+ identities.

关键词： LGBTQ plus Identity School culture School climate

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Acceptance and Commitment Teletherapy for Mixed Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A case Study

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CLINICAL CASE STUDIES 2025年第1期24卷 3-20页

作者： Roberts, Max Z. Tifft, Eric D. Forsyth, John P. Boswell, James F. SUNY Albany Clin Psychol PhD Program Albany NY 12222 USA SUNY Albany Psychol Albany NY 12222 USA SUNY Albany Anxiety Disorders Res Program Albany NY 12222 USA SUNY Albany Clin Training Albany NY 12222 USA Smuel S Stratton Vet Affairs Med Ctr Interdisciplinary Pain Clin Albany NY USA

The present case details a successful treatment response to 21 sessions of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) delivered via teletherapy for mixed anxiety and depressive symptomology during the COVID-19 pandemic. The client ("Natalie"), a 19-year-old, White, cisgender female, presented to a university training clinic reporting primary problematic anxiety consistent with a diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. The therapist conceptualized Natalie's anxiety through the ACT psychological flexibility model, wherein Natalie's challenges appeared to be maintained by experiential avoidance and lack of committed action. This case highlights (a) the unique challenges of treating someone with pervasive anxiety amid the uncertain context of the COVID-19 pandemic, (b) repeated assessment of transdiagnostic processes to inform intervention focus, and (c) the process of ACT teletherapy. Symptom, process, and outcome measures taken bi-weekly throughout therapy suggested theoretically consistent and reliable treatment responses. Clinical implications of the case are discussed.

关键词： Acceptance and Commitment therapy (ACT) anxiety depression transdiagnostic therapy process-based therapy (PBT) teletherapy COVID-19 pandemic

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Microstructural evolution in a one-directional phase transforming ultrahigh temperature ceramic laminate composite

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JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY 2025年第1期45卷

作者： Large, Michael J. Stotts, J. Carter Weinberger, Christopher Thompson, Gregory B. Univ Alabama Interdisciplinary Mat Sci PhD Program Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA Colorado State Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Ft Collins CO 80526 USA Colorado State Univ Dept Mech Engn Ft Collins CO 80523 USA Univ Alabama Alabama Mat Inst Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA Univ Alabama Dept Met & Mat Engn Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

A metal-ceramic multilayer composite composed of Zr and ZrC films was magnetron sputter deposited and annealed at 1325 degrees C to demonstrate its ability to phase transform into a single phase, substoichiometric ultrahigh temperature ceramic carbide. The pre-annealed laminate microstructure comprised columnar grains for both the Zr and ZrC layers, common to thin film deposition. Upon annealing, the diffusion of carbon facilitated the precipitation of multiple equiaxed carbide grains that consumed the former Zr layers. As this carbon diffused from ZrC, it resulted in the carbide undergoing a lattice contraction where the elastic strains facilitated a decohesion between the carbide grain boundaries. This decohesion is shown to be mitigated by increasing the ratio of the initial ZrC layer-to-Zr layer thicknesses. Finally, oxygen, found to be a minor impurity in the ethylene hydrocarbon gas used to reactively deposit ZrC, facilitated irregular zirconia precipitation within the evolving microstructure during the anneal.

关键词： Thin film Composite ZrC Phase transformation

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UNDRIP rights to guide the governance of the Northern Low-impact Shipping Corridors initiative

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MARINE POLICY 2023年第1期155卷

作者： Wang, Weishan Dalhousie Univ Interdisciplinary PhD Program Marine Affairs Program Halifax NS Canada

Canada's governance of Arctic shipping activities is characterized by a collaborative framework that involves various stakeholders, including different governments and departments at various levels, as well as nongovernmental stakeholders, such as industry partners, Indigenous organizations, and community members. Especially with Canada's commitment to implement the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), the need to consider how Inuit rights can guide Arctic shipping governance has become paramount. The Northern Low-Impact Shipping Corridors initiative is Canada's comprehensive governance initiative for Arctic shipping activities, that considers the need to engage Inuit. However, few studies have focused on how Inuit rights, which are affirmed in the UNDRIP, can reshape, and guide the development and governance of the Corridors initiative. The objective of this article is to fill this knowledge gap, regarding the integration of Inuit rights into Arctic shipping governance. It starts with an overview of the impacts of Arctic shipping on Inuit communities, followed by an analysis of interactions between UNDRIP rights and shipping governance. The article draws upon existing literature on UNDRIP and Arctic shipping to identify several critical UNDRIP rights that are applicable to Arctic shipping governance. Using the Corridors initiative as a case study, this article examines the potential implications of several UNDRIP rights in terms of Inuit participation in decision-making and the governance of the corridors.

关键词： UNDRIP Canadian arctic Inuit rights Shipping governance Corridors

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Necessity for Validation of Effectiveness of Selected Guide RNA In Silico for Application of CRISPR/Cas9

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MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021年第2期63卷 140-149页

作者： Kim, Dong-Hwan Lee, Joonbum Suh, Yeunsu Lee, Kichoon Ohio State Univ Dept Anim Sci Columbus OH 43210 USA Ohio State Univ Interdisciplinary PhD Program Nutr Columbus OH 43210 USA

Selection of guide RNA (gRNA) is important to increase the efficiency of gene editing in the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Due to the variation in actual efficiency of insertion/deletion (indel) mutation among selected gRNAs in silico, reliable methods for validation of efficiency of gRNA need to be developed. Three gRNAs with high on-target scores (72.0 for target 1, 65.4 for target 2, and 62.9 for target 3) were designed to target the quail retinol binding protein 7 (qRbp7) gene, and indel efficiencies were predicted by the Sanger sequencing and Inference of CRISPR Edits (ICE) analysis of sorted cell populations receiving the CRISPR/Cas9 vector. Unlike the order of on-target scores among 3 gRNAs, predicted rates of indel mutations were highest in gRNA2, intermediate in gRNA1, and lowest in gRNA3. This was confirmed by actual indel mutation rates, 51.8% in gRNA2, 31% in gRNA1, and 12.9% in gRNA3, which were calculated by sequencing individual allele cloned into a vector. These data showed a rapid and reliable method for estimation of the efficiency of selected gRNAs, providing a critical necessary step for successful gene editing for further applications.

关键词： Guide RNA CRISPR Cas9 Gene editing Validation Sequencing Quail cells

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Judges' perceptions of facility dogs in the courtroom

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JUVENILE AND FAMILY COURT JOURNAL 2022年第1期73卷 41-55页

作者： Meyer, Arial R. McDermott, Christine M. Miller, Monica K. Marsh, Shawn Univ Nevada Criminal Justice Reno NV 89557 USA Univ Nevada Interdisciplinary PhD Program Reno NV 89557 USA Univ Nevada Reno NV 89557 USA

We examined judges' perceptions of facility dogs used to comfort witnesses during testimony in courtrooms. Content analysis of an open-ended survey question revealed that most judges support facility dog use to some degree, especially for children and in family, dependency, or juvenile courts. Perceived benefits included providing emotional support for witnesses who then could be calmer and provide better testimony (e.g., more accurate, more truthful, clearer). Perceived drawbacks included potential disruption, access issues for those allergic to or afraid of dogs, and bias. We discuss future research and implications for judges, advocates, and researchers.

关键词： facility dogs vulnerable witness judges perceptions support trial aid testimony courtroom dogs therapy dogs

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Perfomance Evalution for the FBMC-OQAM in the mobile fading channel

Perfomance Evalution for the FBMC-OQAM in the mobile fading ...

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IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Taiwan (ICCE-TW)

作者： Chen, Yao-Tien Wang, Hsuan-Fu Ming Chi Univ Technol Int PhD Program Innovat Technol Biomed Engn & Med Devices New Taipei Taiwan Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Bachelor Program Interdisciplinary Studies Touliu 64002 Yunlin Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9781665470506

ISBN: (纸本)9781665470506

Compared to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multi-plexing (OFDM), Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) waveforms have better spectral characteristics and good interference immunity. The FBMC-OQAM technology combining Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) and Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OQAM) has the characteristics of high spectral efficiency and no synchronization in wireless communication systems. The simulation shows that the SER performance decreases as the modulation's order increases. Furthermore, the minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalization outperforms better than the zero-forcing (ZF) equalization.

关键词： Wireless communication Spectral efficiency Quadrature amplitude modulation OFDM Modulation Filter banks Mean square error methods

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Global scale exploration of human faecal and sewage resistomes as a function of socio-economic status

NATURE WATER

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NATURE WATER 2024年第10期2卷 975-987页

作者： Gupta, Suraj Wu, Xiaowei Pruden, Amy Zhang, Liqing Vikesland, Peter Virginia Tech Interdisciplinary PhD Program Genet Bioinformat & Blacksburg VA USA Virginia Tech Dept Stat Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Virginia Tech Via Dept Civil & Environm Engn Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Virginia Tech Dept Comp Sci Blacksburg VA USA

Prior studies have shown that socio-economic indicators collectively explain most of the variance in sewage resistomes. However, the relationship between human faecal and sewage resistomes has not been well characterized. We investigated common and discriminating features between human faecal and sewage microbiomes and resistomes by analysing 451 publicly available metagenomic samples from 69 countries (240 human faecal samples from 23 countries and 211 urban sewage samples from 60 countries) representing different socio-economic statuses. We found that sewage and human faecal resistome compositions were distinct, with sewage exhibiting higher relative antibiotic resistance gene abundance and total diversity than human faeces. The ANOSIM test revealed stronger separation by socio-economic status in sewage samples (R = 0.47) compared to faecal samples (R = 0.17). The distinctions between human faecal and sewage resistomes revealed in this study are key considerations in the advancement of sewage surveillance efforts aimed at informing the antibiotic resistance status of human populations.

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