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One of these wolves is not like the other: morphological effects and conservation implications of captivity in Mexican wolves

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ANIMAL CONSERVATION 2022年第1期25卷 77-90页

作者： Siciliano-Martina, L. Light, J. E. Riley, D. G. Lawing, A. M. Texas A&M Univ Interdisciplinary PhD Program Ecol & Evolutionary College Stn TX 77843 USA Texas State Univ Dept Biol San Marcos TX 78666 USA Texas A&M Univ Dept Ecol & Conservat Biol College Stn TX 77843 USA Texas A&M Univ Dept Anim Sci College Stn TX 77843 USA

Maintaining animal populations in captivity can be a useful way to conserve species, especially those that are extinct in the wild or endangered in their native habitats. These animals could be reintroduced into the wild from captivity if conditions improve. However, captive populations of endangered species are often established with few wild-caught individuals and are maintained in novel habitats, conditions which may make these populations prone to morphological divergence. Changes in cranial morphology, in particular, may limit reintroduction success because these morphological changes may alter cranial functionality related to capturing and consuming prey. To assess whether unintentional morphological changes occur in captivity, we examined the crania and mandibles of 275 specimens of wild, captive and reintroduced Mexican wolves Canis lupus baileyi. We detected significant differences in skull size and shape among these populations. Captive specimens displayed the greatest overall shape variation and were significantly differentiated from the wild population in regions of the skull that are essential to cranial functionality. The reintroduced population displayed the narrowest trait distribution, with cranial morphology that grouped consistently with the captive morphotype. The small number of individuals of the founding population along with the increased variation in cranial morphology among captive Mexican wolves suggests that morphological changes in captivity may be related to genetic changes such as genetic drift or relaxed selection. This study helps to define the changes that may occur in captivity, the potential mechanisms behind these shifts, and the ways in which morphological variation in captive populations may impact conservation initiatives.

关键词： captivity geometric morphometrics reintroductions functional morphology wolf Canis lupus baileyi translocations

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"Empowering, Humbling, and of Course Arousing": A Qualitative Analysis of Experiences with Power in Sexual Relationships

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SEXUALITY & CULTURE-AN interdisciplinary JOURNAL 2021年第4期25卷 1204-1226页

作者： Livingston, Tyler N. Vik, Tennley A. Univ Nevada Interdisciplinary Social Psychol PhD Program 1664 N Virginia StMailstop 1300 Reno NV 89557 USA Univ Nevada Dept Commun Studies Reno NV 89557 USA

Past quantitative research has used a narrative-writing method of conceptual priming to examine the perceptual and behavioral effects of feeling powerful or powerless. The current qualitative study examined the content of those narratives. Guided by perspectives on power from communication studies and psychology, this study utilized the constant comparative method to analyze young people's experiences with felt power. Participants responded to a brief writing prompt to recall and describe a situation in which they felt powerful (i.e., they controlled others) or powerless (i.e., others controlled them) according to random assignment. Although participants could write about any social situation of their choosing within the confines of power or powerlessness, many participants (n = 121) wrote about romantic or sexual relationships. Among these participants, themes of control, regret, and self-protection emerged in powerful narratives, whereas themes of guilt, fear of not being believed, and growth emerged in powerless narratives. Findings suggested that power and sexuality interact in a variety of social contexts, some of which extant theories of power do not predict. Future research should attempt to account for these relationships to build more comprehensive theories of power related specifically to sexual interactions.

关键词： Power Sex Narrative Manipulation Control Growth

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Perspectives of older adults with chronic illness on person-centered practice at an inpatient hospital department: a descriptive study

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BMC GERIATRICS 2024年第1期24卷 1页

作者： Vareta, Diana Ventura, Filipa Familia, Carlos Oliveira, Celia Univ Lisbon UL PhD Program P-1600214 Lisbon Portugal Nursing Sch Lisbon ESEL P-1600214 Lisbon Portugal Egas Moniz Univ Inst Egas Moniz Interdisciplinary Res Ctr CiiEM P-2829511 Quinta Da Granja Monte De Capari Portugal Nursing Sch Coimbra ESEnfC Hlth Sci Res Unit Nursing UICISA E Coimbra Portugal Egas Moniz Univ Inst Lab Mol Pathol & Forens Biochem P-2829511 Quinta Da Granja Monte De Capari Portugal Nursing Sch Lisbon ESEL P-1600096 Lisbon Portugal

BackgroundThe growing aging trend associated with a higher prevalence of chronic illnesses is increasing the demand for the development of person-centered practice in specific care settings. Knowing the person's perception of the care and the care experience is essential to improving inpatient care toward person-centeredness. This study aims to characterize the perceptions of person-centered practice of hospitalized older adults with chronic illness at a Portuguese inpatient hospital *** quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional approach was followed. Data were collected using a sociodemographic and health history questionnaire and the Person-Centered Practice Inventory - Care (PCPI-C). The effect of the different variables on each PCPI-C construct was determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsThe results show that person-centered practice was positively perceived in the five constructs of the person-centered processes domain (M = 3.92;SD = 0.47). The highest-scored construct was working with the person's beliefs and values (M = 4.12;SD = 0.51), and the lowest was working holistically (M = 3.68;SD = 0.70). No significant effect of the independent variables was found to influence the perceptions of any of the constructs in the person-centered processes *** results might indicate that person-centered processes are perceived uniquely by each person through individualized therapeutic relationships rather than a pattern of care shared by hospitalized older adults.

关键词： Patient-centred care Person-centered practice inventory - care Aged Inpatient Noncommunicable diseases

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Effect of moderate and Severe Hypoxic exposure coupled with fatigue on psychomotor vigilance testing, muscle tissue oxygenation, and muscular performance

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CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021年第0期4卷 243-251页

作者： Smith, Cory M. Salmon, Owen F. Jenkins, Jasmin R. Univ Texas El Paso Human & Environm Physiol Lab El Paso TX 79968 USA Univ Texas El Paso Interdisciplinary Hlth Sci PhD Program El Paso TX USA

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of fatigue on muscular performance, oxygenation saturation, and cognition following acute hypoxic exposure at Normoxia, Moderate Hypoxia (MH), and Severe Hypoxia (SH).Methods: Twelve males performed 3 sets of leg extensions to failure under Normoxia (FiO2: 21%), MH (Fi02: 15.4%), and SH (Fi02: 12.9%). Heart rate, peripheral oxygenation saturation, total saturation index, psychomotor vigilance testing reaction time, psychomotor vigilance error rate, maximum strength, and repetitions to failure were measured throughout each ***: The primary findings indicated that MH and SH resulted in significant decreases in psychomotor vigi-lance test performance (MH: 388.25-427.17 ms, 0.41-0.33 error rate;SH: 398.17-445.42 ms reaction time, 0.25-1.00 error rate), absolute muscle tissue oxygen saturation (Abs-StO2) (MH:67.22% compared to SH:57.56%), but similar muscular strength, heart rate, and patterns of muscle tissue oxygen saturation responses (StO2%) during fatigue when compared to Normoxia. There was an acute decrease in the ability to remain vigilant and/or respond correctly to visual stimuli as indicated by the worsened reaction time (PVTRT) during MH (FiO2: 15.4%) and increased PVTRT and error rate (PVTE) during SH (FiO2: 12.9%) ***: Acute hypoxic exposure in the current study was not a sufficient stimuli to elicit hypoxic-related changes in HR, muscular strength (1-RM), or repetitions to failure. The SpO2 responses were hypoxic-level dependent with increasing levels of hypoxia resulting in greater and more sustained reductions in SpO2. The combined SpO2 and StO2 responses at MH and SH suggested a balance between the muscles metabolic demand remaining lower than the muscle oxygen diffusion capacity. During the SH condition, Abs-StO2 suggested greater metabolic stress than Normoxia and MH conditions during the fatiguing leg extensions. The patterns of responses for StO2% during the th

关键词： Altitude PVT NIRS TSI FiO2

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Final esthetic result of ceramic restorations cemented with different colors of cement

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CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DENTAL RESEARCH 2022年第1期8卷 257-261页

作者： Gomes, Catarina Martins, Francisco Reis, Jose Alexandre Perez Albacete-Martinez, Carlos Mauricio, Paulo Durao Univ Catolica Murcia UCAM Hlth Sci PhD Program Campus Jeronimos 135 Murcia 30107 Spain Inst Univ Egas Moniz IUEM Interdisciplinary Res Ctr Egas Moniz Ciiem Almada Portugal Univ Catolica Murcia UCAM Oral Surg & Oral Implantol Dept Murcia Spain

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the color changes of lithium disilicate ceramics when cemented with different brands of cement by varying the thickness of the ceramic. Materials and Methods: Forty ceramic discs, shade A2, were fabricated with 0.5 and 0.8 mm thickness. Forty composite resin discs, shade A3, were also produced. The ceramic samples were cemented to the composite resin discs, with two colors of resin cement, Neutral and Warm. A spectrophotometer evaluation was made. Translucency and color change analysis was performed by calculating the Delta E. A two-way analysis of variance test and multiple comparisons were performed using the Bonferroni method with a 95% confidence interval. Results: There are statistically significant differences between the two ceramic thicknesses with different brands of cement (p < .001). In addition, using the translucency analysis it was found that there are statistically significant differences between the two ceramic thicknesses in both types of cement (p < .001). Conclusions: The use of different cementation materials on lithium disilicate ceramics appears to have little visible influence at the clinical level. Different ceramic thicknesses have a clinically visible influence on the final restoration color.

关键词： ceramics color dental porcelain resin cements

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ADP enhances the allosteric activation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase by calmodulin

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2023年第17期120卷 e2300902120-e2300902120页

作者： Piserchio, Andrea Long, Kimberly J. Browning, Luke S. Bohanon, Amanda L. Isiorho, Eta A. Dalby, Kevin N. Ghose, Ranajeet CUNY City Coll Dept Chem & Biochem New York NY 10031 USA Univ Texas Div Chem Biol & Med Chem Austin TX 78712 USA Univ Texas Interdisciplinary Life Sci Grad Program Austin TX 78712 USA Macromol Crystallizat Facil CUNY Adv Sci Res Ctr New York NY 10031 USA Grad Ctr CUNY PhD Program Biochem New York NY 10016 USA Grad Ctr CUNY PhD Program Chem New York NY 10016 USA Grad Ctr CUNY PhD Program Phys New York NY 10016 USA

Protein translation, one of the most energy-consumptive processes in a eukaryotic cell, requires robust regulation, especially under energy-deprived conditions. A critical component of this regulation is the suppression of translational elongation through reduced ribosome association of the GTPase eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) resulting from its specific phosphorylation by the calmodulin (CaM)-activated & alpha;- kinase eEF-2 kinase (eEF-2K). It has been suggested that the eEF-2K response to reduced cellular energy levels is indirect and mediated by the universal energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through direct stimulatory phosphorylation and/or downregulation of the eEF-2K-inhibitory nutrient-sensing mTOR pathway. Here, we provide structural, biochemical, and cell-biological evidence of a direct energy-sensing role of eEF-2K through its stimulation by ADP. A crystal structure of the nucleotide-bound complex between CaM and the functional core of eEF-2K phosphorylated at its primary stimulatory site (T348) reveals ADP bound at a unique pocket located on the face opposite that housing the kinase active site. Within this basic pocket (BP), created at the CaM/eEF-2K interface upon complex formation, ADP is stabilized through numerous interactions with both interacting partners. Biochemical analyses using wild-type eEF-2K and specific BP mutants indicate that ADP stabilizes CaM within the active complex, increasing the sensitivity of the kinase to CaM. Induction of energy stress through glycolysis inhibition results in significantly reduced enhancement of phosphorylated eEF-2 levels in cells expressing ADP-binding compromised BP mutants compared to cells expressing wild-type eEF-2K. These results suggest a direct energy-sensing role for eEF-2K through its cooperative interaction with CaM and ADP.

关键词： protein translation calmodulin alpha-kinase serine threonine kinase

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Transcription factor-based biosensors and inducible systems in non-model bacteria: current progress and future directions

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CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020年 64卷 39-46页

作者： Kim, Nancy M. Sinnott, Riley W. Sandoval, Nicholas R. Tulane Univ Interdisciplinary Bioinnovat PhD Program New Orleans LA 70118 USA Tulane Univ Dept Chem & Biomol Engn New Orleans LA 70118 USA

Genetic diversity within the geobiosphere encompasses enormous sensing capabilities and many non-model bacteria are of biotechnological interest. Biosensing, or more generally inducible, systems are a vital component of metabolic engineering, as they allow tight control of gene expression as well as the basis for high-throughput screens on non-growth-related phenotypes. While these inducible systems, primarily transcription factor/promoter pairs, have been utilized extensively in Escherichia coli, progress in other bacteria is limited because of differences in transcription machinery, physiological compatibility of parts and proteins, and other nuances. Here, we provide an overview of the available genetic biosensing elements in non-model organisms and state-of-the-art efforts to engineer them, and then discuss challenges preventing these methods from common use in non-model bacteria.

关键词： Transcription factors

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H2S-sensing properties of flame-synthesized RuO2-decorated WO3 nanoparticulate spin-coated films

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MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL SOLID-STATE MATERIALS 2024年 299卷

作者： Siriwalai, Mameaseng Punginsang, Matawee Inyawilert, Kanittha Wisitsoraat, Anurat Liewhiran, Chaikarn Chiang Mai Univ Fac Sci PhD Program Nanosci & Nanotechnol Internat Program Interdisciplinary Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Chiang Mai Univ Grad Sch Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Chiang Mai Univ Ctr Excellence Mat Sci & Technol Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Chiang Mai Univ Off Res Adm Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Chiang Mai Univ Fac Sci Dept Phys & Mat Sci Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Natl Sci & Technol Dev Agcy NSTDA Natl Secur & Dual Use Technol Ctr Khlong Luang 12120 Phathum Thani Thailand Chiang Mai Univ Fac Sci Program Nanosci & Nanotechnol Internat Program Interdisciplinary Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand

This work aimed to develop effective and reliable H2S gas sensors based on flame-synthesized RuO2-decorated WO3 spin-coated films. Inclusive material characterizations unveiled the decoration of 1-3 nm RuO2 nanoparticles on 10-25 nm WO3 nanoparticles with 0-1 wt% Ru. Sensing layers coated with 1-6 cycles were tested towards 0.25-10 ppm H2S at 200-400 degrees C under various humidity conditions (0-80 %RH). The sensors with four spin-coated layers and 0.2 wt% Ru presented a reproducibly optimum response of -71.0 with a fair response time of - 15.1 s to 10 ppm H2S in dry ambient at 350 degrees C. Additionally, the optimal sensor exhibited high H2S selectivity with respect to CH3SH, CH3SCH3, C3H6O, C2H5OH, CH3OH, CH2O, C6H6, C8H10, NO2, NO, H2, CH4, CO2, C2H2, HCOOH, CH3COOH, and CH3CHOHCOOH. Furthermore, the sensors displayed decent repeatability and satisfactory medium-term stability of resistance and response. Therefore, flame-synthesized RuO2-loaded WO3 nanoparticles were promising for effective and practical H2S sensing.

关键词： Flame spray pyrolysis RuO2 WO3 H2S Gas sensors

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Effect of supplementation with ruminal probiotics on growth performance, carcass characteristics, plasma metabolites, methane emissions, and the associated rumen microbiome changes in beef cattle

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JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023年第1期101卷 skac308-skac308页

作者： Pittaluga, Alejandro M. Yang, Fan Gaffney, James R. Embree, Mallory Relling, Alejandro E. Ohio State Univ Dept Anim Sci Wooster OH 44691 USA Native Microbials Inc San Diego CA 92121 USA Ohio State Univ Dept Anim Sci Interdisciplinary PhD Program Nutr Columbus OH 43210 USA

Lay Summary Greenhouse gas emissions are a major concern in the beef industry. This study examined the effects of supplementation with ruminal probiotics consisting of three native ruminal microbes (NRM) for their influence on methane reduction and growth performance of beef cattle. Eighty Angus x SimAngus-crossbred cattle were grouped by sex and weight, randomly assigned to a treatment group, control or NRM supplementation, and subsequently fed commercially relevant diets for at least 134 d with or without NRM supplementation until they reached a target finishing weight. Methane emissions and growth performance metrics were recorded at regular intervals. Cattle-fed diets with NRM had a greater average daily gain during most part of the experimental period, required fewer days to reach the finishing weight, and emitted less methane than cattle in the control treatment. Supplementing NRM can be a viable method to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while improving the performance of beef cattle-fed concentrates-based diets. Alternatives to effectively mitigate methane emissions of beef cattle are needed. This experiment investigated the dietary inclusion of ruminal probiotics as a potential anti-methanogenic feed additive and its effect on the growth performance of beef cattle. To evaluate the effect of supplementing beef cattle with a ruminal probiotic consisting of native rumen microbes (NRM;Chordicoccus furentiruminis, Prevotella albensis, and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens) on methane (CH4) emissions, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and plasma metabolites, Angus x SimAngus-crossbred steers (n = 32;8 per pen) and heifers (n = 48;12 per pen) with an initial body weight (BW) of 353 +/- 64 kg were used in randomized complete block design. Cattle were blocked by sex and BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments (2 pens per treatment). Treatments consisted of diets offered for ad libitum intake with (NRM) or without (CON) the inclusion of the ruminal probio

关键词： beef cattle growth performance methane emissions native rumen microbe

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Data Analytics for Environmental Science and Engineering Research

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021年第16期55卷 10895-10907页

作者： Gupta, Suraj Aga, Diana Pruden, Amy Zhang, Liqing Vikesland, Peter Virginia Tech Interdisciplinary PhD Program Genet Bioinformat & Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Univ Buffalo State Univ New York Dept Chem Buffalo NY 14226 USA Virginia Tech Via Dept Civil & Environm Engn Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Virginia Tech Dept Comp Sci Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

The advent of new data acquisition and handling techniques has opened the door to alternative and more comprehensive approaches to environmental monitoring that will improve our capacity to understand and manage environmental systems. Researchers have recently begun using machine learning (ML) techniques to analyze complex environmental systems and their associated data. Herein, we provide an overview of data analytics frameworks suitable for various Environmental Science and Engineering (ESE) research applications. We present current applications of ML algorithms within the ESE domain using three representative case studies: (1) Metagenomic data analysis for characterizing and tracking antimicrobial resistance in the environment;(2) Nontarget analysis for environmental pollutant profiling;and (3) Detection of anomalies in continuous data generated by engineered water systems. We conclude by proposing a path to advance incorporation of data analytics approaches in ESE research and application.

关键词： environmental science and engineering data analytics machine learning metagenomics nontarget analysis anomaly detection water

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