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Effect of multispecies fungal extract supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and the rumen microbiome composition of beef cattle fed forage-based diets

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JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2025年第103期103卷 skae387页

作者： Pittaluga, Alejandro M. Miccoli, Florencia E. Guerrero, Leandro D. Relling, Alejandro E. Ohio State Univ Dept Anim Sci Wooster OH 43210 USA Univ Nacl Lomas Zamora Fac Ciencias Agr Lomas De Zamora Argentina Inst Invest Ingn Genet & Biol Mol Buenos Aires Argentina Ohio State Univ Interdisciplinary PhD Program Nutr Columbus OH 43210 USA

Our objective was to evaluate the effect of a multispecies fungal extract (MFE) on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), fermentation characteristics, and rumen microbiome composition of beef cattle fed forage-based diets. For experiment 1, ruminally cannulated Angus x SimAngus cows (n = 4;body weight [BW] = 569 +/- 21 kg) were used in a randomized crossover design with two 21-d study periods and a 23-d washout period to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of an MFE on in situ digestion, ruminal fermentation, and the composition of the rumen microbiome. Treatments consisted of a forage-based diet with or without the inclusion of a MFE. Rumen samples were collected on days 5, 10, and 20. Experiment 2 evaluated different inclusion rates of the MFE in a randomized complete block design using Angus x SimAngus-crossbred steers (n = 80;BW = 370 +/- 44 kg). Steers were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to one of four treatments (2 pens/treatment): diet with no MFE, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.08% of the MFE (dry matter [DM] basis). Steers were fed a forage-based diet for 122 d. Subsets of 10 steers/treatment were randomly selected for the determination of ATTD on d 20, 40, and 60. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. In exp 1, adding the MFE to the diet tended to increase the ruminal disappearance rate of the DM on day 10 (P = 0.06). No interactions or treatment effects were observed for the short-chain fatty acid profile of the rumen fluid (P >= 0.13). Metagenomic analysis of the rumen microbiome showed an MFE x d interaction for the Fibrobacter genus (P = 0.01), which on day 20 was less abundant in the rumen of cows fed the MFE. In exp 2, steers supplemented with 0.04% of MFE had a lower average daily gain and were lighter at the end of the experiment (cubic, P <= 0.04) compared to steers supplemented with 0.02% MFE. Steers fed the diet with 0.02% of MFE had the greatest gain-to-feed ratio among the MFE-supplemented groups (cub

关键词： apparent total tract digestion beef cattle multispecies fungal feed additive rumen microbiome

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Necessity for Validation of Effectiveness of Selected Guide RNA In Silico for Application of CRISPR/Cas9

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MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021年第2期63卷 140-149页

作者： Kim, Dong-Hwan Lee, Joonbum Suh, Yeunsu Lee, Kichoon Ohio State Univ Dept Anim Sci Columbus OH 43210 USA Ohio State Univ Interdisciplinary PhD Program Nutr Columbus OH 43210 USA

Selection of guide RNA (gRNA) is important to increase the efficiency of gene editing in the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Due to the variation in actual efficiency of insertion/deletion (indel) mutation among selected gRNAs in silico, reliable methods for validation of efficiency of gRNA need to be developed. Three gRNAs with high on-target scores (72.0 for target 1, 65.4 for target 2, and 62.9 for target 3) were designed to target the quail retinol binding protein 7 (qRbp7) gene, and indel efficiencies were predicted by the Sanger sequencing and Inference of CRISPR Edits (ICE) analysis of sorted cell populations receiving the CRISPR/Cas9 vector. Unlike the order of on-target scores among 3 gRNAs, predicted rates of indel mutations were highest in gRNA2, intermediate in gRNA1, and lowest in gRNA3. This was confirmed by actual indel mutation rates, 51.8% in gRNA2, 31% in gRNA1, and 12.9% in gRNA3, which were calculated by sequencing individual allele cloned into a vector. These data showed a rapid and reliable method for estimation of the efficiency of selected gRNAs, providing a critical necessary step for successful gene editing for further applications.

关键词： Guide RNA CRISPR Cas9 Gene editing Validation Sequencing Quail cells

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Effect of weaning strategy and backgrounding management on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and mRNA expression in the longissimus muscle of beef steers

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JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023年第101期101卷 skad074页

作者： Pittaluga, Alejandro M. Kieffer, Justin Relling, Alejandro E. Ohio State Univ Dept Anim Sci Wooster OH 44691 USA Ohio State Univ Dept Anim Sci Interdisciplinary PhD Program Nutr Columbus OH 43210 USA

We evaluate the effect of the weaning strategy (WS;early, 130 +/- 21 d vs. normal, 187 +/- 20 d) and backgrounding management (BGM) on growth, carcass characteristics, and relative mRNA expression in the longissimus muscle (LM) of beef steers. One hundred and twenty Angus x SimAngus-crossbred steers (body weight (BW) = 130 +/- 11.2 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design. Steers, blocked by age and BW, were randomly assigned to one treatment (2 x 2 factorial). Treatments consisted of early weaned (EW) or normal weaned (NW) steers subsequently backgrounded (BG) on either a forage-based (FB) or concentrates-based (CB) diet. The EW steers (d 0) were ad libitum-fed a grain-based diet for 49 d until nursing calves were NW. Steers were ad libitum-fed either a FB diet for 214 d or a CB diet for 95 d afterward. Steers were finished on a high-grain diet until harvested at an estimated constant 12th-rib fat thickness (1.5 cm). Expression of mRNA in the LM was measured over time. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. The EW steers were heavier (P < 0.01) at the beginning of the backgrounding and finishing period. When the finishing phase began, steers FB were heavier (P < 0.01) than CB steers. There was a tendency for a WS x BGM interaction (P = 0.08) for final BW, where NW-FB steers were heavier than the steers on the other three treatments, which do not differ between them. In the finishing phase, steers BG on a FB diet had greater dry matter intake and average daily gain, but lower gain-to-feed ratio (P < 0.01). There was a WS x BGM interaction (P = 0.03) for days on feed (DOF) in the finishing diet, where backgrounding steers in a FB diet decreased DOF required to reach the harvesting target among EW steers, but not within NW steers. No interactions or treatment effects (P >= 0.17) were detected for marbling score (MS). For ZFP423, EW steers showed a greater mRNA expression on d 112 and a lower expression on d 255 than NW steers (P < 0.01). In d 57, steer

关键词： backgrounding management early weaning longissimus muscle marbling score

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Effect of supplementation with ruminal probiotics on growth performance, carcass characteristics, plasma metabolites, methane emissions, and the associated rumen microbiome changes in beef cattle

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JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023年第1期101卷 skac308-skac308页

作者： Pittaluga, Alejandro M. Yang, Fan Gaffney, James R. Embree, Mallory Relling, Alejandro E. Ohio State Univ Dept Anim Sci Wooster OH 44691 USA Native Microbials Inc San Diego CA 92121 USA Ohio State Univ Dept Anim Sci Interdisciplinary PhD Program Nutr Columbus OH 43210 USA

Lay Summary Greenhouse gas emissions are a major concern in the beef industry. This study examined the effects of supplementation with ruminal probiotics consisting of three native ruminal microbes (NRM) for their influence on methane reduction and growth performance of beef cattle. Eighty Angus x SimAngus-crossbred cattle were grouped by sex and weight, randomly assigned to a treatment group, control or NRM supplementation, and subsequently fed commercially relevant diets for at least 134 d with or without NRM supplementation until they reached a target finishing weight. Methane emissions and growth performance metrics were recorded at regular intervals. Cattle-fed diets with NRM had a greater average daily gain during most part of the experimental period, required fewer days to reach the finishing weight, and emitted less methane than cattle in the control treatment. Supplementing NRM can be a viable method to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while improving the performance of beef cattle-fed concentrates-based diets. Alternatives to effectively mitigate methane emissions of beef cattle are needed. This experiment investigated the dietary inclusion of ruminal probiotics as a potential anti-methanogenic feed additive and its effect on the growth performance of beef cattle. To evaluate the effect of supplementing beef cattle with a ruminal probiotic consisting of native rumen microbes (NRM;Chordicoccus furentiruminis, Prevotella albensis, and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens) on methane (CH4) emissions, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and plasma metabolites, Angus x SimAngus-crossbred steers (n = 32;8 per pen) and heifers (n = 48;12 per pen) with an initial body weight (BW) of 353 +/- 64 kg were used in randomized complete block design. Cattle were blocked by sex and BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments (2 pens per treatment). Treatments consisted of diets offered for ad libitum intake with (NRM) or without (CON) the inclusion of the ruminal probio

关键词： beef cattle growth performance methane emissions native rumen microbe

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Effect of grain inclusion rates in diets provided to early-weaned calves and steroidal implants utilization on growth performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers

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TRANSLATIONAL ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023年第1期7卷 txad068页

作者： Pittaluga, Alejandro M. Kieffer, Justin Relling, Alejandro E. Ohio State Univ Dept Anim Sci Columbus OH 43210 USA Ohio State Univ Dept Anim Sci Interdisciplinary PhD Program Nutr Wooster OH 44692 USA

One hundred and twenty-one Angus x SimAngus-crossbred steers (body weight (BW) = 159 & PLUSMN;22 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of different grain inclusion (GI) rates in diets provided to early-weaned calves and steroidal implants (SI) utilization on growth performance and carcass characteristics, particularly intramuscular fat deposition, of beef steers. The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, consisting of two GI rates (35% vs. 58%, dry matter (DM) basis), each one associated or not to steroidal implant utilization (no implants vs. 80 mg trenbolone acetate (TA) + 16 mg estradiol followed by 120 mg TA + 24 mg of estradiol). After being early-weaned (124 & PLUSMN;14 d of age), steers were offered an average of 4.5 kg/d (DM basis) of a concentrate-based diet with a greater or lesser GI rate for 60 d. After being fed a concentrate-based diet with different GI rates for 60 d, steers were fed a common backgrounding diet for 56 d and subsequently fed a common high-grain diet until harvested at a constant final BW (620 kg). Steers were not implanted until the beginning of the backgrounding phase and then re-implanted when initiating the finishing phase. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. There were no GI x SI interactions (P & GE;0.62) for any of the growth performance parameters throughout the experimental period. Implanted steers tended to have a greater average daily gain (P = 0.10) during the finishing phase than nonimplanted steers. For the 12th rib fat thickness and yield grade (YG), a GI x SI interaction (P = 0.03) and a tendency for a GI x SI interaction (P = 0.10) was detected, respectively. Nonimplanted steers fed diets with greater GI rates presented the greatest 12th rib fat thickness and tended to have the greatest YG among treatments. No other interactions (P & GE;0.33) were observed for the hot carcass weight, Longissimus muscle (LM) area, quality grade, marbling s

关键词： beef corn energy feedlot management quality

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Associations of dietary patterns with kidney cancer risk, kidney cancer-specific mortality and all-cause mortality among postmenopausal women

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER 2023年第12期129卷 1978-1987页

作者： Jin, Qi Gheeya, Jinesh Nepal, Sushma Shi, Ni Folefac, Edmund Webb, Maxine Z. Grainger, Elizabeth M. Wei, Lai Prosek, Jason M. Focht, Brian C. Gong, Michael Clinton, Steven K. Tabung, Fred K. Ohio State Univ Interdisciplinary PhD Program Nutr Columbus OH 43210 USA Weber State Univ Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci Ogden UT USA Ohio State Univ Comprehens Canc Ctr Columbus OH 43210 USA Ohio State Univ Coll Med Hematol & Med Oncol Fellowship Program Columbus OH USA Ohio State Univ Coll Med Dept Internal Med Div Med Oncol Columbus OH 43210 USA Ohio State Univ Coll Med Dept Biomed Informat Columbus OH USA Ohio State Univ Coll Med Dept Internal Med Div Nephrol Columbus OH USA Ohio State Univ Coll Educ & Human Ecol Dept Human Sci Columbus OH USA Ohio State Univ Coll Med Dept Urol Columbus OH USA

BackgroundThe empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) and empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) are novel measures of dietary quality associated with insulin hypersecretion or chronic inflammation, respectively, whereas the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) measures adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). We evaluated associations of EDIH, EDIP and HEI-2015 on the risk of both kidney cancer development and *** calculated the dietary scores from baseline food frequency questionnaires among 115,830 participants aged 50-79 years in the Women's Health Initiative. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for kidney cancer risk, kidney cancer-specific mortality and all-cause mortality, per 1-standard deviation increment in dietary pattern *** EDIH was associated with greater risk of kidney cancer development [HR, 1.12;95%CI, (1.01,1.23)], kidney cancer-specific death [1.22(0.99,1.48)], and all-cause mortality, [1.05(1.02,1.08)]. Higher HEI-2015 was associated with lower risk of kidney cancer development, [0.85(0.77, 0.94)], kidney cancer-specific death, [0.84(0.69,1.03)] and all-cause mortality, [0.97(0.95,1.00)]. However, EDIP was not significantly associated with outcomes. Associations did not differ by BMI ***-insulinemic dietary patterns and higher quality diets, are worthy of testing in dietary pattern intervention trials for kidney cancer prevention and improved survivorship.

关键词： Cancer prevention Lifestyle modification

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Consuming a Linoleate-Rich Diet Increases Concentrations of Tetralinoleoyl Cardiolipin in Mouse Liver and Alters Hepatic Mitochondrial Respiration

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JOURNAL OF nutrITION 2024年第3期154卷 856-865页

作者： Mahler, Connor A. Snoke, Deena B. Cole, Rachel M. Angelotti, Austin Sparagna, Genevieve C. Baskin, Kedryn K. Ni, Ai Belury, Martha A. Indiana Biosci Res Inst Lilly Diabet Res Ctr Indianapolis IN USA Univ Vermont Dept Med Larner Coll Med Burlington VT USA Ohio State Univ Interdisciplinary PhD Program Nutr Columbus OH USA Ohio State Univ Dept Food Sci & Technol Columbus OH 43210 USA Univ Colorado Dept Med Div Cardiol Anschutz Med Campus Aurora CO USA Ohio State Univ Dorothy M Davis Heart & Lung Res Inst Diabet & Metab Res Ctr Coll MedDept Physiol & Cell Biol Columbus OH USA Ohio State Univ Coll Publ Hlth Biostat Columbus OH USA

Background: Hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction is a major cause of fat accumulation in the liver. Individuals with fatty liver conditions have hepatic mitochondrial structural abnormalities and a switch in the side chain composition of the mitochondrial phospholipid, cardiolipin, from poly- to monounsaturated fatty acids. Linoleic acid (LA), an essential dietary fatty acid, is required to remodel nascent cardiolipin (CL) to its tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin (L4CL, CL with 4 LA side chains) form, which is integral for mitochondrial membrane structure and function to promote fatty acid oxidation. It is unknown, however, whether increasing LA in the diet can increase hepatic L4CL concentrations and improve mitochondrial respiration in the liver compared with a diet rich in monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids. Objectives: The main aim of this study was to test the ability of a diet fortified with LA-rich safflower oil (SO), compared with the one fortified with lard (LD), to increase concentrations of L4CL and improve mitochondrial respiration in the livers of mice. Methods: Twenty-four (9-wk-old) C57 BL/J6 male mice were fed either the SO or LD diets for similar to 100 d, whereas food intake and body weight, fasting glucose, and glucose tolerance tests were performed to determine any changes in glycemic control. Results: Livers from mice fed SO diet had higher relative concentrations of hepatic L4CL species compared with LD diet-fed mice (P value = 0.004). Uncoupled mitochondria of mice fed the SO diet, compared with LD diet, had an increased baseline oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and succinate-driven respiration (P values = 0.03 and 0.01). SO diet-fed mice had increased LA content in all phospholipid classes compared with LD-fed mice (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings reveal that maintaining or increasing hepatic L4CL may result in increased OCR in uncoupled hepatic mitochondria in healthy mice whereas higher oleate content of CL reduced mitochondrial function sho

关键词： Linoleic acid cardiolipin mitochondria liver diet

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Evaluation of the association between plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, respiratory quotient, and intramuscular fat deposition in feedlot cattle fed different levels of dry matter intake

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TRANSLATIONAL ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022年第3期6卷 txac089页

作者： Ortiz-Fraguada, M. Y. Relling, A. E. Ohio State Univ Dept Anim Sci Wooster OH 44691 USA Interdisciplinary PhD Program Nutr Wooster OH 44691 USA

The objectives of this trial were to evaluate the association between different levels of dry matter intake (DMI) on gas exchange, plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentration, and intramuscular (IM) fat deposition. We used 60 individually fed backgrounded Angus x SimAngus-crossbred steers (n = 30) in a randomized complete block design. Steers (paired by body weight [BW] and gain to feed ratio [G:F]) were randomly allocated to one of the following treatments: ad libitum intake (AI) or restricted intake (RI;the same diet fed at 85% of the AI) of a finishing diet. The diet contained 61% cracked corn, 9% corn silage, 15% distillers' dried grains with solubles, 5% soyhulls, and 10% of a protein-mineral-vitamin premix. Measurements of CO2 emission and consumption of O-2, and respiratory quotient (RQ) were taken using the GreenFeed system (n = 15/treatment). Plasma and gas samples were collected 10 d before slaughter, 1 h before and 2 h after feeding. Plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, GIP, and insulin concentration and gasses (O-2,O- CO2, and RQ) were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS evaluating the fixed effect of treatment, time (repeated measurement) and their interaction, and the random effect of the block. Final BW and carcass characteristics were analyzed with a similar model, without the time statement and its interaction. Compared with RI, AI steers had greater (P < 0.01) DMI and average daily gain (ADG). Steers on AI had greater final BW (P = 0.02), tended to have a greater ribeye area (P = 0.09), and had lower plasma GIP concentration (P = 0.04). There was no treatment effect (P >= 0.11) on G:F, subcutaneous backfat (BF), and IM fat, O-2 consumption, CO2 emission, and RQ. Plasma glucose concentration of AI steers was greater before and after feeding than RI (P < 0.05). In conclusion, feeding steers ad libitum increased DMI, ADG, and plasma glucose and GIP concentration but does not affect G:F, BF, IM fat, CO2 emission

关键词： beef cattle energy intake glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide intramuscular fat deposition respiratory quotient restricted intake

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Role of insulinemic and inflammatory dietary patterns on gut microbial composition and circulating biomarkers of metabolic health among older American men

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GUT MICROBES 2025年第1期17卷 2497400页

作者： Nepal, Sushma Shi, Ni Hoyd, Rebecca Spakowicz, Daniel J. Orwoll, Eric Shikany, James M. Napoli, Nicola Tabung, Fred K. Ohio State Univ Interdisciplinary PhD Program Nutr Columbus OH 43210 USA Ohio State Univ Comprehens Canc Ctr Columbus OH 43210 USA Ohio State Univ Wexner Med Ctr Dept Internal Med Div Med Oncol Columbus OH 43210 USA Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ Dept Med Portland OR USA Univ Alabama Birmingham Heersink Sch Med Div Gen Internal Med & Populat Sci Birmingham AL USA Campus Biomed Univ Rome Dept Med Unit Endocrinol & Diabet Rome Italy Washington Univ Div Bone & Mineral Dis St Louis MO USA Ohio State Univ Coll Publ Hlth Div Epidemiol Columbus OH 43210 USA

Chronic low-grade inflammation and hyperinsulinemia are linked with metabolic dysfunction and dysbiosis. This study investigated the role of dietary inflammatory and insulinemic potential on gut microbiome and circulating health biomarkers in older men. Data from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study were analyzed. Reversed Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (rEDIP), Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia (rEDIH), and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2020 scores were computed from food frequency questionnaire data. Stool samples were profiled using 16S rRNA sequencing. Elastic net regression identified diet-associated microbial profiles and multivariable-adjusted linear regression assessed diet-biomarker associations. Higher rEDIP, rEDIH, and HEI-2020 scores were positively associated with gut microbiota alpha diversity. Specific genera, including Intestinibacter and Lachnospira, associated positively, while Dielma, Peptococcus, Feacalitalea, and Negativibaccilus associated inversely with healthier dietary patterns. When evaluating changes in dietary patterns between baseline and visit 4 (similar to 14 years), these genera tended to define rEDIP, rEDIH more than HEI-2020. In addition, higher dietary quality was linked to better biomarker profiles, including lower creatinine, sodium, triglycerides, and insulin resistance. Beneficial effects of higher dietary quality on health may be mediated by the ability of diet to regulate gut microbial composition and metabolic biomarker profiles.

关键词： Dietary patterns gut microbiome biomarkers of chronic diseases

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Adipogenic and Myogenic Potentials of Chicken Embryonic Fibroblasts in vitro: Combination of Fatty Acids and Insulin Induces Adipogenesis

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LIPIDS 2020年第2期55卷 163-171页

作者： Kim, Dong-Hwan Lee, Joonbum Suh, Yeunsoo Cressman, Michael Lee, Sang Suk Lee, Kichoon Ohio State Univ Dept Anim Sci Columbus OH 43210 USA Ohio State Univ Interdisciplinary PhD Program Nutr Columbus OH 43210 USA Sunchon Natl Univ Dept Anim Sci & Technol Jeonnam 57922 South Korea

The regulation of adipocyte differentiation is an important factor for production efficiency and meat quality in the poultry industry. The purpose of this study was to develop a new in vitro model of adipogenic differentiation of chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEF). In this study, CEF were isolated at embryonic day (E) 5, and adipogenic differentiation was induced with supplementation of fatty acids (FA) and/or insulin (Ins) for 48 h. Oil-Red-O staining showed that lipid accumulation in E5 CEF was greater when supplemented with a combination of FA and Ins (FI) than other treatment groups (p < 0.05). Genes involved in differentiation of preadipocytes, fatty acid transport, and triacylglycerol synthesis were upregulated in the FI group compared to all other treatment groups (p < 0.01). Under myogenic media, the E5 CEF formed myotubes and expressed myogenic markers, myosin heavy chain (MHC), and myogenin (MyoG), suggesting myogenic potential of E5 CEF. To determine the permissive age window for adipogenic differentiation of CEF, E5, E6, and E7 CEF were induced for adipogenesis with FI treatment in 1%, 5%, or 10% chicken serum (CS). Among all embryonic ages, E5 with 10% CS showed the most lipid accumulation and the least myotube formation with the lowest expression of MHC and MyoG. These data indicate both adipogenic and myogenic potentials of E5 CEF, providing a new in vitro model for a better understanding of the processes of adipogenic and myogenic differentiation in chickens.

关键词： Adipogenesis Chicken embryonic fibroblast Fatty acid Insulin Myogenesis

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