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A controlled trial examining large Language model conformity in psychiatric assessment using the Asch paradigm

BMC Psychiatry 2025年第1期25卷 1-9页

作者： Shoval, Dorit Hadar Gigi, Karny Haber, Yuval Itzhaki, Amir Asraf, Kfir Piterman, David Elyoseph, Zohar The Center for Psychobiological Research Department of Psychology and Educational Counseling Max Stern Yezreel Valley College Yezreel Valley Israel The Institute for Research and Development The Artificial Third Tel Aviv Israel The PhD Program of Hermeneutics & Cultural Studies Interdisciplinary Unit Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel Faculty of Education School of Therapy Counseling and Human Development University of Haifa Haifa Israel At time of research: Senior at Hakfar Hayarok High School Ramat HaSharon Israel

Background: Despite significant advances in AI-driven medical diagnostics, the integration of large language models (LLMs) into psychiatric practice presents unique challenges. While LLMs demonstrate high accuracy in controlled settings, their performance in collaborative clinical environments remains unclear. This study examined whether LLMs exhibit conformity behavior under social pressure across different diagnostic certainty levels, with a particular focus on psychiatric assessment. Methods: Using an adapted Asch paradigm, we conducted a controlled trial examining GPT-4o’s performance across three domains representing increasing levels of diagnostic uncertainty: circle similarity judgments (high certainty), brain tumor identification (intermediate certainty), and psychiatric assessment using children’s drawings (high uncertainty). The study employed a 3 × 3 factorial design with three pressure conditions: no pressure, full pressure (five consecutive incorrect peer responses), and partial pressure (mixed correct and incorrect peer responses). We conducted 10 trials per condition combination (90 total observations), using standardized prompts and multiple-choice responses. The binomial test and chi-square analyses assessed performance differences across conditions. Results: Under no pressure, GPT-4o achieved 100% accuracy across all domains. Under full pressure, accuracy declined systematically with increasing diagnostic uncertainty: 50% in circle recognition, 40% in tumor identification, and 0% in psychiatric assessment. Partial pressure showed a similar pattern, with maintained accuracy in basic tasks (80% in circle recognition, 100% in tumor identification) but complete failure in psychiatric assessment (0%). All differences between no pressure and pressure conditions were statistically significant (P <.05), with the most severe effects observed in psychiatric assessment (χ²₁=16.20, P <.001). Conclusions: This study reveals that LLMs exhibit conformity patterns

关键词： Clinical conformity Diagnostic uncertainty Large language models Psychiatric assessment Social influence

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Examining the impact of 28-week multicomponent and strength exercises on brain health, salivary stress, and mental well-being in frail older women: A controlled trial analysis

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PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR 2025年 294卷 114868-114868页

作者： Furtado, Guilherme Eustaquio Barros, Marcelo Paes de Rodrigues, Rafael N. Bachi, Andre Luis Lacerda Chupel, Matheus Uba Rocha, Saulo Vasconcelos Vieira, Rodolfo P. Hogervorst, Eef Teixeira, Ana Maria Ferreira, Jose Pedro Polytech Univ Coimbra Rua Misericordia P-3045093 Coimbra Portugal Polytech Univ Coimbra Ctr Studies Nat Resources Environm & Soc CERNAS P-3045601 Coimbra Portugal Polytech Univ Coimbra SPRINT Sport Phys Act & Hlth Res & INnovat Ctr Coimbra Portugal Cruzeiro do Sul Univ Inst Phys Act Sci & Sports ICAFE MSc PhD Interdisciplinary Program Hlth Sci BR-01506000 Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Coimbra FCDEF UC Fac Sport Sci & Phys Educ Res Unit Sport & Phys Act UID PTD 04213 2020 Coimbra Portugal Santo Amaro Univ UNISA Postgrad Program Hlth Sci BR-04829300 Sao Paulo Brazil Sunnybrook Res Inst Hurvitz Brain Sci Res Program Biol Sci Toronto ON Canada State Univ Feira de Santana Transnordestina Ave S-N BR-44036900 Feira De Santana Bahia Brazil Fed Univ Sao Paulo UNIFESP Postgrad Program Sci Human Movement & Rehabil Ave Ana Costa 95 BR-11060001 Santos SP Brazil Evangel Univ Goias UniEvangel Postgrad Programs Humam Movement & Rehabil & Pharm Ave Univ Km 35 BR-75083515 Anapolis GO Brazil Loughborough Univ Appl Cognit Res NCSEM Loughborough England

Background: In recent years, the efficacy of various physical exercise programs in enhancing functional fitness among frail older adults has gained recognition. However, limited research has concurrently explored the longterm effects of exercise on brain health, stress biomarkers, and mental well-being. This study aimed to investigate the impact of two distinct chair-based exercise programs on salivary stress hormones and psychological wellbeing in frail older women over a 28-week period. Methods: A total of 140 individuals participated in the enrollment phase, with 84 eligible participants randomly assigned to three groups. Following the intervention, data from 60 participants were analyzed across the multicomponent exercise (MCE, n = 23), elastic band muscle-strength exercise (ESE, n=19), and non-exercise control (CG n=18) groups. Salivary biomarkers of alpha-amylase (alpha-AMY) Cortisol (COR), alpha-amylase/cortisol ratio, psychological indicators and physical frailty (PF) and functional fitness were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results: Salivary COR levels exhibited a significant time x group interaction, with a moderate increase in MCE, a small decrease in ESE, and a substantial increase in CGne. Salivary alpha-AMY levels varied significantly over time and by group, with a small decrease in both exercise groups and a moderate increase in CGne. The alpha-AMY /COR ratio also displayed a significant interaction effect. Additionally, significant improvements were observed in PF compound scores, general self-efficacy, attitudes toward aging, and reductions in perceived stress and depressive symptoms (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Notably, the MCE program demonstrated greater benefits than ESE. The observed associations between changes in alpha-AMY levels, mental well-being, and functional fitness indicators contribute novel evidence on the psychophysiological adaptations to long-term exercise. Importantly, reductions in PF scores correlated with improvements in se

关键词： Psychological frailty Neuroendocrine Cortisol Alpha-amylase Saliva samples Brain health

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Transforming Perceptions: Exploring the Multifaceted Potential of Generative AI for People With Cognitive Disabilities

JMIR Neurotechnology

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JMIR Neurotechnology 2025年 4卷

作者： Souval, Dorit Hadar Haber, Yuval Tal, Amir Simon, Tomer Elyoseph, Tal Elyoseph, Zohar Max Stern Academic College of Emek Yezreel Tel Adashim Israel Interdisciplinary Studies Unit PhD Program of Hermeneutics and Cultural Studies Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Microsoft Israel R&D Center Tel Aviv Israel Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences University of Haifa Haifa Israel Imperial College London London United Kingdom Faculty of Education University of Haifa Haifa Israel

Background: The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) presents unprecedented opportunities to redefine conceptions of personhood and cognitive disability, potentially enhancing the inclusion and participation of individuals with cognitive disabilities in society. Objective: We aim to explore the transformative potential of GenAI in reshaping perceptions of cognitive disability, dismantling societal barriers, and promoting social participation for individuals with cognitive disabilities. Methods: This study is a critical review of current literature in disability studies, artificial intelligence (AI) ethics, and computer science, integrating insights from disability theories and the philosophy of technology. The analysis focused on 2 key aspects: GenAI as a social mirror reflecting societal values and biases, and GenAI as a cognitive partner for individuals with cognitive disabilities. Results: This paper proposes a theoretical framework for understanding the impact of GenAI on perceptions of cognitive disability. It introduces the concepts of GenAI as a “social mirror” that reflects and potentially amplifies societal biases and as a “cognitive copilot” providing personalized assistance in daily tasks, social interactions, and environmental navigation. This paper also presents a novel protocol for developing AI systems tailored to the needs of individuals with cognitive disabilities, emphasizing user involvement, ethical considerations, and the need to address both the opportunities and challenges posed by GenAI. Conclusions: Although GenAI has great potential for promoting the inclusion and empowerment of individuals with cognitive disabilities, realizing this potential requires a change in societal attitudes and development practices. This paper calls for interdisciplinary collaboration and close partnership with the disability community in the development and implementation of GenAI technologies. Realizing the potential of GenAI for promoting the

关键词： AI ethics artificial intelligence assistive technology cognitive disability cognitive disorder cognitive partner computer science digital health disability study empowerment GenAI generative artificial intelligence health informatics machine learning mental health neuroinformatics neuroscience neurotechnology social inclusion social mirror social participation societal barriers user involvement

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Review of climate change issues: A forcing function perspective in agricultural and energy innovation

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH 2019年第6期43卷 2200-2215页

作者： Yildiz, Ilhami Dalhousie Univ Fac Grad Studies Halifax Interdisciplinary PhD Program Halifax NS B3H 4H6 Canada

Climate change is observed globally, and the projections predict that the change will continue in the future for quite a long time. The mitigation and adaptation to climate change, however, are offering tremendous business opportunities around the world, especially for businesses operating in the agri-food, energy, finance, and health sectors, water infrastructure, built environments, and other relevant services. When the severity of heat waves is considered, for instance, it would become quite clear that the demand for cooling would accelerate, putting further stress on energy supply and increasing the risk of electricity black outs. Similarly, the projections also provide warnings about increased drought risk in many regions around the globe, and even worse, it should also be emphasized that 60% more food will be needed globally, while 100% more demand for food is projected in developing countries by the year 2050. While all these are being projected, we are experiencing progressively increasing stress on our global freshwater resources, which are worsened further by climate change-driven impacts and water pollution. Consequently, reducing agri-food production systems' susceptibility to climate change and strengthening the resilience of such systems are extremely important to sustain and improve the livelihoods of billions of people around the globe. Moreover, reducing emissions due to fossil fuels consumption and production is vital for the whole global population, and agri-food and energy sectors have tremendous potentials for reducing inefficiencies and emissions while simultaneously playing their crucial roles in food and energy security as well as poverty reduction. Both of these sectors are facing significant climate change-driven challenges, which provide ample opportunities for cutting-edge novel knowledge and innovative products, processes, services, and policies. And due to the reciprocal relationships between climate change and agri-food and energy inno

关键词： climate change energy greenhouse gas emissions innovation agri-food

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Solving Systems of Polynomial Equations: a Novel End Condition and Root Computation Method

Solving Systems of Polynomial Equations: a Novel End Conditi...

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Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS)

作者： Bartoszuk, Maciej Polish Acad Sci Syst Res Inst Interdisciplinary PhD Studies Program PL-01447 Warsaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9788360810583

In this paper we present an improvement of the algorithm based on recursive de Casteljau subdivision over an n-dimensional bounded domain (simplex or box). The modification consists of a novel end condition and a way of calculation the root in subdomain. Both innovations are based on linear approximation of polynomials in a system. This improvement results in that our approach takes almost half of the time of the standard approach: it can be stopped much earlier than using standard diameter condition and getting midpoint of a subdomain as a root.

关键词： Approximation algorithms Linear approximation Mathematical model Polynomials Tin Vectors Linear approximation end condition Polynomial Approximation algorithms Tin Mathematical Model sub-domain computational methods Root Half Life Cloning Vectors

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Ergonomic Factors Related to Drop-Off Detection With the Long Cane: Effects of Cane Tips and Techniques

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HUMAN FACTORS 2010年第3期52卷 456-465页

作者： Kim, Dae Shik Emerson, Robert S. Wall Curtis, Amy B. Western Michigan Univ Dept Blindness & Low Vis Studies Kalamazoo MI 49002 USA Western Michigan Univ Interdisciplinary Hlth Sci PhD Program Kalamazoo MI 49002 USA

Objective: This study examined the effect of cane tips and cane techniques on drop-off detection with the long cane. Background: Blind pedestrians depend on a long cane to detect drop-offs. Missing a drop-off may result in falls or collision with moving vehicles in the street. Although cane tips appear to affect a cane user's ability to detect drop-offs, few experimental studies have examined such effect. Method: A repeated-measures design with block randomization was used for the study. Participants were 17 adults who were legally blind and had no other disabilities. Participants attempted to detect the drop-offs of varied depths using different cane tips and cane techniques. Results: Drop-off detection rates were similar between the marshmallow tip (77.0%) and the marshmallow roller tip (79.4%) when both tips were used with the constant contact technique, p = .294. However, participants detected drop-offs at a significantly higher percentage when they used the constant contact technique with the marshmallow roller tip (79.4%) than when they used the two-point touch technique with the marshmallow tip (63.2%), p < .001. Conclusion: The constant contact technique used with a marshmallow roller tip (perceived as a less advantageous tip) was more effective than the two-point touch technique used with a marshmallow tip (perceived as a more advantageous tip) in detecting drop-offs. Application: The findings of the study may help cane users and orientation and mobility specialists select appropriate cane techniques and cane tips in accordance with the cane user's characteristics and the nature of the travel environment.

关键词： blind mobility two-point touch constant contact marshmallow tip roller tip visually impaired

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Analysis of user characteristics related to drop-off detection with long cane

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JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 2010年第3期47卷 233-242页

作者： Kim, Dae Shik Emerson, Robert Wall Curtis, Amy Western Michigan Univ Dept Blindness & Low Vis Studies Kalamazoo MI 49002 USA Western Michigan Univ Dept Interdisciplinary Hlth Sci PhD Program Kalamazoo MI 49002 USA

This study examined how user characteristics affect drop-off detection with the long cane. A mixed-measures design with block randomization was used for the study, in which 32 visually impaired adults attempted to detect the drop-offs using different cane techniques. Younger cane users detected drop-offs significantly more reliably (mean +/- standard deviation = 74.2% +/ 11.2% of the time) than older cane users (60.9% +/- 10.8%), p = 0.009. The drop-off detection threshold of the younger participants (5.2 +/- 2.1 cm) was also statistically significantly smaller than that of the older participants (7.9 +/- 2.2 cm), p = 0.007. Those with early-onset visual impairment (78.0% +/- 9.0%) also detected drop-offs significantly more reliably than those with later-onset visual impairment (67.3% +/- 12.4%), p = 0.01. No interaction occurred between examined user characteristics (age and age at onset of visual impairment) and the type of cane technique used in drop-off detection. The findings of the study may help orientation and mobility specialists select appropriate cane techniques in accordance with the cane user's age and onset of visual impairment.

关键词： age blind cane user detection threshold drop-off detection long cane technique older adults onset of visual impairment orientation and mobility visually impaired

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The interdisciplinary structure of research on intercultural relations: a co-citation network analysis study

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SCIENTOMETRICS 2013年第1期96卷 147-171页

作者： Chi, Ruobing Young, Jonathan Univ Hawaii Manoa Interdisciplinary PhD Program Commun & Informat S Honolulu HI 96822 USA Shanghai Int Studies Univ Intercultural Inst Shanghai Peoples R China

This study aims to map the content and structure of the knowledge base of research on intercultural relations as revealed in co-citation networks of 30 years of scholarly publications. Source records for extracting co-citation information are retrieved from Web of Science (1980-2010) through comprehensive keyword search and filtered by manual semantic coding. Exploratory network and content analysis is conducted (1) to discover the development of major research themes and the relations between them over time;(2) to locate representative core publications (the stars) that are highly co-cited with others and those (the bridges) connecting more between rather than within subfields or disciplines. Structural analysis of the co-citation networks identifies a core cluster that contains foundational knowledge of this domain. It is well connected to almost all the other clusters and covers a wide range of subject categories. The evolutionary path of research themes shows trends moving towards (e.g. psychology and business and economics) and away from (e.g. language education and communication) the core cluster over time. Based on the results, a structural framework of the knowledge domain of intercultural relations research is proposed to represent thematic relatedness between topical groups and their relations.

关键词： Network analysis Co-citation network Bibliometric analysis Intercultural relations Intercultural communication

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Romanian college students' reactions to sexist humor: description and predictors

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JOURNAL OF GENDER studies 2010年第3期19卷 279-296页

作者： Diaconu-Muresan, Ada Stewart, Mary White Univ Nevada Interdisciplinary Social Psychol PhD Program Reno NV 89557 USA Univ Nevada Dept Womens Studies Reno NV 89557 USA

Sexist humor is pervasive in Romanian culture, as it is in many others. Adopting a social constructionist perspective, we examined the reactions of Romanian college students to three sexist jokes, as well as predictors of those reactions. Women, respondents with a feminist identity and those who identified with the targets of the jokes were least likely to react favorably to the jokes. A considerable proportion of the participants believed that sexist jokes carry misogynist messages and negatively influence women's social status. We conclude that even among this population of students who have not been significantly exposed to feminist discourse, sexist humor is sometimes resisted, rather than being viewed as harmless and inconsequential.

关键词： sexist humor Romania constructionism predictors gender feminist identity

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Multi-site investigation of gut microbiota in CDKL5 deficiency disorder mouse models: Targeting dysbiosis to improve neurological outcomes

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Cell Reports 2025年第4期44卷 115546页

作者： Damiani, Francesca Giuliano, Maria Grazia Cornuti, Sara Putignano, Elena Tognozzi, Andrea Suckow, Vanessa Kalscheuer, Vera M. Pizzorusso, Tommaso Tognini, Paola Laboratory of Biology BIO@SNS Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 Pisa 56126 Italy Health Science Interdisciplinary Center Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33 Pisa 56127 Italy Institute of Neuroscience National Research Council Via G. Moruzzi 1 Pisa 56124 Italy PhD Program in Clinical and Translational Science University of Pisa Via Savi 10 Pisa 56126 Italy Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics Ihnestraße 63 Berlin 14195 Germany

Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder (CDD) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder often associated with gastrointestinal (GI) issues and subclinical immune dysregulation, suggesting a link to the gut microbiota. We analyze the fecal microbiota composition in two CDKL5 knockout (KO) mouse models at postnatal days (P) 25, 32 (youth), and 70 (adulthood), revealing significant microbial imbalances, particularly during juvenile stages. To investigate the role of the intestinal microbiota in CDD and assess causality, we administer antibiotics, which lead to improved visual cortical responses and reduce hyperactivity. Additionally, microglia morphology changes, indicative of altered surveillance and activation states, are reversed. Strikingly, fecal transplantation from CDKL5 KO to wild-type (WT) recipient mice successfully transfers both visual response deficits and hyperactive behavior. These findings show that gut microbiota alterations contribute to the severity of neurological symptoms in CDD, shedding light on the interplay between microbiota, microglia, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. © 2025

关键词： antibiotics CDKL5 CP: Microbiology CP: Neuroscience dysbiosis fecal transplantation gut microbiota gut-brain axis microglia neurodevelopmental disorder

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