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arXiv 2024年

作者： Park, Hyeryun Kwak, Jeongwon Jang, Dongsuk Park, Sumin Choi, Jinwook Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering Graduate School Seoul National University Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science Graduate School Seoul National University Korea Republic of Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine Seoul National University Korea Republic of Medical Research Center Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of

Fact-checking techniques can mitigate hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs), a prominent issue in specialized domains. As parameter-efficient techniques such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) can overcome substantial computational overhead, some studies have explored the integration of multiple LoRAs. While previous studies focus on parallel integration, this paper investigates methods to establish connections among multiple LoRAs. We create three reasoning datasets tailored to fact-checking and fine-tune individual LoRAs, allowing them to view and reason from diverse perspectives. Then, we explore strategies for allocating these reasoning LoRAs and introduce LoraMap, an approach to map connections between them. The results of the fact-checking task demonstrate that the performance of LoraMap is superior to LoraHub, an existing method for integrating LoRAs. LoraMap also outperforms with significantly fewer trainable parameters than LoraConcat, which concatenates LoRAs and further fine-tunes them. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Problem oriented languages

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A physical picture of liquid–liquid phase separation of proteins

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Journal of Molecular Liquids 2025年 424卷

作者： Kinoshita, Masahiro Hayashi, Tomohiko Nakamura, Yuka Yoshimori, Akira Katahira, Masato Nagata, Takashi Department of Chemistry of Science Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage Chiba263-8522 Japan Institute of Advanced Energy Kyoto University Kyoto Uji611-0011 Japan Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering Assistive Technology and Art and Sports Sciences Faculty of Engineering Niigata University 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho Nishi-ku Niigata950-2181 Japan Department of Physics Niigata University Niigata950-2181 Japan

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins, by which they assemble and partition into a protein-dense phase and a protein-dilute phase, has caught much attention due to its essential roles in a variety of biological processes. Nevertheless, its mechanism remains to be unveiled. Here we develop a physical picture covering almost all the aspects of LLPSs of diverse systems. In our view, when only the proteins are looked at, one of the two phases is liquid-like and the other is gas-like. We relate LLPS to gas–liquid phase separation (GLPS) of simple fluids wherein the pivotal quantity is kBT (kB is the Boltzmann constant and T is the absolute temperature) divided by the absolute value of the minimum of interaction potential between fluid particles. GLPS occurs only if the pivotal quantity is sufficiently small. For LLPS, the interaction potential must be replaced by the potential of mean force (PMF) between protein molecules in aqueous solution. We do not explicitly consider aqueous solution, and its influence on properties of protein molecules is incorporated in PMF. PMF can reach its deep minimum when the two protein molecules associate. A physical interpretation is given for GLPS from a statistical-mechanics point of view, and it is extended to LLPS. In the extension, we discuss not only the similarities between the two phase separations but also the physical factors to be taken into account only in LLPS due to the fact that proteins are large molecules possessing polyatomic structures and they are immersed in aqueous solution. LLPS can be categorized as a biological self-assembly process. By reconsidering the results obtained in our earlier studies on biological self-assembly processes, we specify the entropic and energetic factors driving or opposing coacervation (association) of protein molecules followed by LLPS. We clarify the differences between LLPSs of folded proteins (i.e., proteins in the native states) and intrinsically disordered proteins. There c

关键词： Alkali halides

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Porous silicon on paper sensors: Factors affecting biosensing performance 17

Porous silicon on paper sensors: Factors affecting biosensin...

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Frontiers in Biological Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems XVII 2025

作者： An, Huijin Laibinis, Paul E. Locke, Andrea K. Weiss, Sharon M. Interdisciplinary Material Science Program Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510684249

A paper-based biosensor integrating a functionalized porous silicon (PSi) membrane as the active sensing element for quantifiable protein detection has been developed. For similar short-time exposures to an analyte, improved molecular transport in PSi membranes when on paper leads to larger signal changes compared to traditional PSi films that remain on a silicon substrate. In this work, we discuss controlling the incubation time of the analyte and the overall testing time of the sensor by incorporating different combinations of wicking and absorbent paper beneath the PSi membrane. With this control, the PSi-on-paper sensor platform has the potential to serve as an effective low-cost rapid diagnostic test with highly sensitive, quantitative readout for a wide range of analytes. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Porous silicon

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Water Activated Catechol Adhesive Allows Dip Coated Antimicrobial Coatings

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ghosh, Animesh Singh, Juhi Lim, Sierin Steele, Terry W.J. 639798 Singapore NTU Institute for Health Technologies Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University 61 Nanyang Drive 637335 Singapore School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive Block N1.3 637457 Singapore

Bioadhesives comprising of catechol crosslinkers have displayed broad utility against both soft and hard substrates. However, catechol’s two-part adhesion chemistry requires oxidative chemicals that are detrimental to organic substrates. Herein, a water-activated adhesive with inherent antibacterial properties is prepared by grafting catechol groups onto branched polyethylenimine (PEI-DBA20). The resultant PEI-DBA20 is stable in organic solvents but undergoes curing in the presence of water. The in-built oxidation method relies on the close proximity of catechol/Schiff-base functional groups that form tautomers in the presence of aqueous solvents. The curing mechanism is demonstrated by dip coating hydrated substrates, where the grafted dendrimers subsequently crosslink and form thin films. Coated PET films and polyester textiles exhibit an antimicrobial surface with 4-6 log reduction against model Gram-negative bacteria. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adhesion

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Circularly polarized luminescent self-organized helical superstructures:From materials and stimulus-responsiveness to applications

Aggregate

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Aggregate 2021年第6期2卷 60-81页

作者： Yanrong He Siyang Lin Jinbao Guo Quan Li Key Laboratory of Carbon Fibers and Functional Polymers Ministry of Educationand College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineeringand Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Kent State UniversityKentOhioUSA

Circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)has gained considerable attention in various systems and has rapidly developed into an emerging research *** meet the needs of actual applications in diverse fields,a high luminescence dissymmetry factor(glum)and tunable optical performance of CPL would be the most urgent pursuit for ***,many emerging CPL materials and various strategies have been developed to address these critical *** cholesteric liquid crystals(CLCs),that is,luminescent self-organized helical superstructures,are considered to be ideal candidates for constructing CPL-active materials,as they not only exhibit high glum values,but also enable flexible optical control of *** review mainly summarizes the characteristics of CPL based on CLCs as the bulk phase doped with different emitters,including aggregated induced emission molecules,conventional organic small molecules,polymer emitters,metal-organic complex emitters,and luminescent *** addition,the recent significant progress in stimulus-responsive CPL based on emissive CLCs in terms of several types of stimuli,including light,electricity,temperature,mechanical force,and multiple stimuli is ***,a short perspective on the opportunities and challenges associated with CPL-active materials based on the CLC field is *** review is anticipated to offer new insights and guidelines for developing CLC-based CPL-active materials for broader applications.

关键词： amplifying dissymmetry factor cholesteric liquid crystal circularly polarized luminescence self-organized helical superstructure stimulus-responsiveness

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Diversity and Suitability of the State-of-the-Art Wearable and Wireless EEG Systems Review

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IEEE Journal of biomedical and Health Informatics 2023年第8期27卷 3830-3843页

作者： He, Congying Chen, Yu-Yi Phang, Chun-Ren Stevenson, Cory Chen, I-Ping Jung, Tzyy-Ping Ko, Li-Wei Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Institute of Applied Arts National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Institute for Neural Computation and Institute of Engineering in Medicine University of California San DiegoCA90093 United States National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung80708 Taiwan

Wireless electroencephalography (EEG) systems have been attracting increasing attention in recent times. Both the number of articles discussing wireless EEG and their proportion relative to general EEG publications have increased over years. These trends indicate that wireless EEG systems could be more accessible to researchers and the research community has recognized the potential of wireless EEG systems. To explore the development and diverse applications of wireless EEG systems, this review highlights the trends in wearable and wireless EEG systems over the past decade and compares the specifications and research applications of the major wireless systems marketed by 16 companies. For each product, five parameters (number of channels, sampling rate, cost, battery life, and resolution) were assessed for comparison. Currently, these wearable and portable wireless EEG systems have three main application areas: consumer, clinical, and research. To address this multitude of options, the article also discussed the thought process to find a suitable device that meets personalization and use cases specificities. These investigations suggest that low-price and convenience are key factors for consumer applications, wireless EEG systems with FDA or CE-certification may be more suitable for clinical settings, and devices that provide raw EEG data with high-density channels are important for laboratory research. This article presents an overview of the current state of the wireless EEG systems specifications and possible applications and serves as a guide point as it is expected that more influential and novel research will cyclically promote the development of such EEG systems. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Highly efficient mRNA transfection with droplet cell squeezing for cellular engineering

Highly efficient mRNA transfection with droplet cell squeezi...

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IEEE International Conference on Nano/Molecular Medicine and engineering (NANOMED)

作者： Ju-Hee Lee Aram Chung Department of Bioengineering Korea University 02841 Seoul Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health (PPH) Korea University 02841 Seoul Republic of Korea School of Biomedical Engineering Korea University 02841 Seoul Republic of Korea MxT Biotech 04785 Seoul Republic of Korea

We present a novel droplet-based intracellular delivery platform for mRNA transfection. The platform leverages the use of two immiscible fluids to encapsulate a cell and external cargos within a single droplet. The formed droplets travel a narrow z-axis stepwise constriction, smaller than the cell diameter, exerting a physical opening of the cell membrane. Consequently, the platform enables highly effective internalization of cargo into the cell through a combination of diffusive and convective flow. The presented microfluidic approach offers high mRNA transfection efficiency (>98%) with nearly clog-free operation. These results highlight the platform’s potential as a next-generation microfluidics-based intracellular delivery system, showcasing its capacity to achieve both exceptional delivery efficiency and high-throughput capabilities for cell therapy applications.

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Protocol to characterize longitudinal gut motility in mice using transit time, tissue harvest, and whole-mount immunostaining

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STAR Protocols 2025年第2期6卷 103761页

作者： Frith, Mary E. Kashyap, Purna C. Linden, David R. Chang, Eugene B. Interdisciplinary Scientist Training Program University of Chicago Chicago 60637 IL United States Department of Medicine University of Chicago Chicago 60637 IL United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester 55905 MN United States Enteric Neuroscience Program Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering Mayo Clinic Rochester 55905 MN United States

Transit time is a key in vivo metric of gastrointestinal (GI) motility, which is a physiologic readout of cellular communication within the enteric system. Here, we present a protocol to characterize longitudinal gut motility in mice. We describe steps for transit testing, whole-mount immunostaining, and tissue harvest. We then detail procedures for image processing and manual cell counting. This protocol seeks to minimize inter-trial variability while assessing cellular and molecular features that may underpin motility differences between experimental conditions. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Frith et al.¹ © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Metabolism Model Organisms Systems biology

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Automated Information Extraction from Thyroid Operation Narrative: A Comparative Study of GPT-4 and Fine-tuned KoELECTRA

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Jang, Dongsuk Park, Hyeryun Son, Jiye Hwang, Hyeonuk Kim, Su-Jin Choi, Jinwook Interdisciplinary Program Bioengineering Major Seoul National University Korea Republic of Seoul National University Korea Republic of Department of Surgery Ewha Womans University Medical Center Korea Republic of Department of Surgery Seoul National University Hospital College of Medicine Korea Republic of Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine Seoul National University Korea Republic of

In the rapidly evolving field of healthcare, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has become a pivotal component in the automation of clinical workflows, ushering in a new era of efficiency and accuracy. This study focuses on the transformative capabilities of the fine-tuned KoELECTRA model in comparison to the GPT-4 model, aiming to facilitate automated information extraction from thyroid operation narratives. The current research landscape is dominated by traditional methods heavily reliant on regular expressions, which often face challenges in processing free-style text formats containing critical details of operation records, including frozen biopsy reports. Addressing this, the study leverages advanced natural language processing (NLP) techniques to foster a paradigm shift towards more sophisticated data processing systems. Through this comparative study, we aspire to unveil a more streamlined, precise, and efficient approach to document processing in the healthcare domain, potentially revolutionizing the way medical data is handled and analyzed. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Automation

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Developing an Explainable Deep Neural Network for Stress Detection Using Biosignals and Human-Engineered Features

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Lee, Hyeokjong Chang, Jooyoung Kim, Jaewon Han, Bohyung Park, Sang Min Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul03080 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of XAIMED Co. Ltd. Seoul02738 Korea Republic of

Detecting stress is crucial for preventing long-term health issues, and recent research, particularly using the WESAD (WEarable Stress and Affect Detection) dataset, has made significant advances in this area. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) demonstrate a key advantage by efficiently processing raw signals, unlike traditional machine learning methods that predominantly rely on human-engineered *** our study, we enhance DNN capabilities by integrating both raw signals and human-engineered features altogether. Our model, augmented with attention mechanisms, significantly improves its performance. This approach yields state-of-the-art results, demonstrating high accuracies across various modalities in the stress classification task: 92.89% in Electrodermal Activity (EDA), 92.16% in Photoplethysmography (PPG), and 96.58% in all *** model decisions in biosignals is challenging compared to the image domain, where images are inherently more intuitive. Many Explainable AI (XAI) techniques, optimized for images, face difficulties when applied to biosignals. To address this, we employ human-engineered features for biosignals, grounded in the ‘Human Comprehensible Space’ concept, making explanations intuitively understandable. Furthermore, a survey conducted to statistically validate the comprehensibility of our XAI methods confirms their effectiveness in enhancing the accessibility of explanations. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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