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arXiv 2023年

作者： Tian, Yang Tan, Zeren Hou, Hedong Li, Guoqi Cheng, Aohua Qiu, Yike Weng, Kangyu Chen, Chun Sun, Pei Department of Psychology Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Laboratory of Advanced Computing and Storage Central Research Institute 2012 Laboratories Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. Beijing100084 China Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Science Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China UFR de Mathématiques Université de Paris Paris75013 France Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Science Beijing100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing100049 China Tsien Excellence in Engineering Program School of Aerospace Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

Criticality is hypothesized as a physical mechanism underlying efficient transitions between cortical states and remarkable information processing capacities in the brain. While considerable evidence generally supports this hypothesis, non-negligible controversies persist regarding the ubiquity of criticality in neural dynamics and its role in information processing. Validity issues frequently arise during identifying potential brain criticality from empirical data. Moreover, the functional benefits implied by brain criticality are frequently misconceived or unduly generalized. These problems stem from the non-triviality and immaturity of the physical theories that analytically derive brain criticality and the statistic techniques that estimate brain criticality from empirical data. To help solve these problems, we present a systematic review and reformulate the foundations of studying brain criticality, i.e., ordinary criticality (OC), quasi-criticality (qC), self-organized criticality (SOC), and self-organized quasi-criticality (SOqC), using the terminology of neuroscience. We offer accessible explanations of the physical theories and statistic techniques of brain criticality, providing step-by-step derivations to characterize neural dynamics as a physical system with avalanches. We summarize error-prone details and existing limitations in brain criticality analysis and suggest possible solutions. Moreover, we present a forward-looking perspective on how optimizing the foundations of studying brain criticality can deepen our understanding of various neuroscience questions. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： brain

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184 – Cavum septum pellucidum in subjects at ultra high risk for schizophrenia: compared with first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers

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Schizophrenia Research 2008年 98卷 109-109页

作者： Choi, J.-S. Kang, D.-H. Park, J.-Y. Jung, W.H. Choi, C.-H. Chon, M.-W. Jung, M.H. Lee, J.-M. Kwon, J.S. Department of Psychiatry Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Cognitive Science Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Brain Science Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Radiology National Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering Hanyang University Seoul Republic of Korea

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brain MRI Synthesis from Amyloid PET/CT via Enhanced Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model

Brain MRI Synthesis from Amyloid PET/CT via Enhanced Denoisi...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Y.J. Seol H.B. Yoo E.J. Yoon Y.K. Kim J.S. Lee Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Seoul National University Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Nuclear Medicine and WCU Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Nuclear Medicine Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Nuclear Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Brightonix Imaging Inc Seoul Republic of Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798350388152

ISBN: (纸本)9798350388169

In this study, we presents a novel method for generating synthetic brain MRI images from amyloid PET/CT scans using an enhanced Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM) conditioned with the joint probability distribution. We explored the use of early and late-phase 18 F -Florbetaben PET scans to guide the synthesis process within our DDPM framework, verifying that early-phase scans significantly improved the quality of synthetic MRI generation compared to other deep learning models. In addition, the proposed DDPMs using early-phase PET/CT suggest promising results, particularly for enhancing the accuracy of regional gray matter volume measurements and facilitating PET partial volume corrections in settings where traditional MRI is unavailable.

关键词： Temperature measurement Temperature distribution Microwave integrated circuits Semiconductor detectors Magnetic resonance imaging Volume measurement Noise reduction

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Volume entropy and generalized Markov system for modelling information flow in a brain graph

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Lee, Hyekyoung Kim, Eunkyung Kang, Hyejin Huh, Youngmin Lee, Youngjo Lim, Seonhee Lee, Dong Soo Biomedical Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital Seoul National University Department of Nuclear Medicine Seoul National University Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul National University Data Science for Knowledge Creation Research Center Seoul National University Interdisciplinary Program in Cognitive Science Seoul National University Department of Statistics College of Natural Sciences Seoul National University Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy Seoul National University Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Department of Mathematical Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Korea Brain Research Institute Daegu Korea Republic of

Entropy is a classical measure to quantify the amount of information or complexity of a system. Various entropy-based measures such as functional and spectral entropies have been proposed in brain network analysis. However, they are less widely used than traditional graph theoretic measures such as global and local efficiencies because either they are not well-defined on a graph or difficult to interpret its biological meaning. In this paper, we propose a new entropy-based graph invariant, called volume entropy. It measures the exponential growth rate of the number of paths in a graph, which is a relevant measure if information flows through the graph forever. We model the information propagation on a graph by the generalized Markov system associated to the weighted edge-transition matrix. We estimate the volume entropy using the stationary equation of the generalized Markov system. A prominent advantage of using the stationary equation is that it assigns certain distribution of weights on the edges of the brain graph, which we call the stationary distribution. The stationary distribution shows the information capacity of edges and the direction of information flow on a brain graph. The simulation results show that the volume entropy distinguishes the underlying graph topology and geometry better than the existing graph measures. In brain imaging data application, the volume entropy of brain graphs was significantly related to healthy normal aging from 20s to 60s. In addition, the stationary distribution of information propagation gives a new insight into the information flow of functional brain graph. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Entropy

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Effect of C. sporogenes -derived metabolites on the circadian rhythm of Period2 and Bmal1 expression

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IBRO Reports 2019年 6卷 S416-S416页

作者： Kyojin Ku Inah Park Jeongah Kim Doyeon Kim Sangwon Jang Mijung Choi Han Kyoung Choe Kyungjin Kim Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology Daegu Republic of Korea Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience College of Natural Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea

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Author Correction: SARS-CoV-2 infection engenders heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein interactions to impede translation elongation in the lungs

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EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2023年第12期55卷 2609-2609页

作者： Kim, Junsoo Youn, Daehwa Choi, Seunghoon Lee, Youn Woo Sumberzul, Dulguun Yoon, Jeongeun Lee, Hanju Bae, Jong Woo Noh, Hyuna On, Dain Hong, Seung-Min An, Se-Hee Jang, Hui Jeong Kim, Seo Yeon Kim, Young Been Hwang, Ji-Yeon Lee, Hyo-Jung Kim, Hong Bin Park, Jun Won Yun, Jun-Won Shin, Jeon-Soo Seo, Jun-Young Nam, Ki Taek Choi, Kang-Seuk Lee, Ho-Young Chang, Hyeshik Seong, Je Kyung Cho, Jun Center for RNA Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju Republic of Korea Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC) Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK 21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research College of Veterinary Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Nuclear Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Republic of Korea School of Biological Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Laboratory of Avian Diseases Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK 21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research College of Veterinary Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Preclinical Research Center Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Republic of Korea Department of Periodontology Section of Dentistry Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seoul National University College of Medicine Seongnam Republic of Korea Division of Biomedical Convergence College of Biomedical Science Kangwon National University ChunCheon Republic of Korea Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology College of Veterinary Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Severance Biomedical Science Institute Graduate School of Medical Science Brain Korea 21 Project Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Nuclear Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program and BIO MAX Institute Seoul National University

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Bioluminescence-Activated Proximity Labeling for Spatial Multi-Omics

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Ruixiang Fang, Yuxin Hu, Youyue Liu, Yanjun Chen, Peng R. Zou, Peng College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Ministry of Education PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking University Beijing100871 China Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS Joint Graduate Program Peking University Beijing100871 China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070 China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies PKU-Tsinghua Center for Life Science Peking University Beijing100871 China Beijing102206 China

Mapping the spatial organization of proteins and cellular interactions is crucial for understanding their biological functions. Herein, we report a biocompatible, multi-functional luminescence-activated proximity labeling (LAP) strategy for profiling subcellular proteomes and cell-cell interactions in live cells and animals. Our method capitalizes on fusing the photocatalyst miniSOG to NanoLuc luciferase, whose bioluminescence activates miniSOG via a resonance energy transfer mechanism, generating reactive oxygen species in situ to mediate proximity labeling. We demonstrated the high spatial specificity of LAP in a C57BL6/N mouse model transplanted with MC38 cells. Our data revealed tumor microenvironment-dependent remodeling of secretome. LAP was further applied to identify ligand-receptor mediated cell-cell interactions both in vitro and in vivo. We also achieved local transcriptome profiling by combining LAP with next-generation sequencing. Overall, LAP was proved to be a versatile PL technique with strong biocompatibility for spatial multi-omic applications. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bioluminescence

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Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990–2021: a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet Public Health 2025年第3期10卷 e172-e188页

作者： Steel, Nicholas Bauer-Staeb, Clarissa Maria Mercedes Ford, John A. Abbafati, Cristiana Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Addolorato, Giovanni Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Agardh, Emilie E. Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahmad, Danish Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Aldridge, Robert W. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Alicandro, Gianfranco Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Al-Jumaily, Adel Allebeck, Peter Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Alshahrani, Najim Z. Aluh, Deborah Oyine Al-Wardat, Mohammad Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amiri, Sohrab Anderlini, Deanna Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Aquilano, Michele Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Armocida, Benedetta Ärnlöv, Johan Asaduzzaman, Muhammad Astell-Burt, Thomas Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Badache, Andreea Corina Badiye, Ashish D. Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Baker, Jennifer L. Bansal, Hansi Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barrow, Amadou Barteit, Sandra Bashir, Shahid Bashiru, Hameed Akande Basso, João Diogo Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Basu, Sanjay Batra, Kavita Bauckneht, Matteo Baune, Bernhard T. Beghi, Massimiliano Beiranvand, Maryam Béjot, Yannick Bell, Michelle L. Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Belo, Luis Beloukas, Apostolos Beneke, Alice A. Bettencourt, Paulo J.G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhala, Neeraj Bhaskar, Sonu Bisulli, Francesca Bjørge, Tone Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Carvajal, Alejandro Botero Bouaoud, Souad Brayne, Carol Brenner, H Department of Primary Care and Public Health University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom Office for Health Improvement and Disparities Department of Health and Social Care London United Kingdom Department of Legal and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Rome Italy Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Sciences Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Memorial University St. John's NL Canada Postgraduate Department University of Sierra Sur Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz Mexico Yhteiskuntadatatieteen keskus (Centre for Social Data Science) Helsinki Finland Department of Internal Medicine Federal Medical Centre Abuja Nigeria Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet (Karolinska Institute) Stockholm Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States School of Medicine Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Università Cattolica di Roma (Catholic University of Rome) Rome Italy Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX United States Department of Biochemistry Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Medical Sciences Ondo Ondo Nigeria Department of Veteri

Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy a

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SGLT2 and DPP4 inhibitors improve Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology and cognitive function through distinct mechanisms in T2D-AD mouse model

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Alzheimer's & Dementia 2023年第S13期19卷

作者： A Young Sim Jong Youl Kim Yong-Ho Lee Jong Eun Lee Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Graduate School of Medical Science Brain Korea 21 project Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Glycosylation Network Research Center Yonsei University Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science Yonsei University College Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Brain Research Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of (South)

Background There are common mechanisms between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), such as insulin resistance. As insulin signaling has important roles in regulation of neuronal functions in the brain, the hypotheses and theories regarding the pathogenesis of AD implicate brain insulin resistance as a key factor. Also, recent studies demonstrated that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2-i) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4-i) which are T2D drugs have been shown to exert beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and neuroprotection beyond glucose-lowering actions. However, in relation to the two drugs, the brain metabolic dysfunction and its mechanisms impaired by insulin resistance have never been investigated. Method We developed T2D-AD mice model using 60% high-fat diet for 12 weeks and a single dose of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg/i.p) at week 4 of the diet. Subsequently treated with SGLT2-i (empagliflozin, 25 mg/kg/day/po) and DPP4-i (sitagliptin, 100 mg/kg/day/po) for 7 weeks. After behavior tests, expression properties of brain insulin signaling, AD related proteins and drugs action-associated proteins were examined by using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Result T2D-AD mice not only increased blood glucose and body weight, but also had insulin resistance through insulin tolerance test and glucose tolerance test. SGLT2-i and DPP4-i were effective in ameliorating insulin sensitivity and reducing body weight gain. In addition, as a result of evaluating hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and preference memory through behavioral tests, SGLT2-i and DPP4-i were found to improve learning, memory, and cognitive functions. Interestingly, SGLT2-i and DPP4-i reduced AD-associated hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau) and amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation in different ways, respectively, along with enhancing brain insulin signaling. SGLT2-i reduced pTau accumulation through ACE2/Ang(1-7)/MasR, and DPP4-i showed an effect of red

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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors

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ACS NANO 2023年第6期17卷 5211-5295页

作者： Luo, Yifei Abidian, Mohammad Reza Ahn, Jong-Hyun Akinwande, Deji Andrews, Anne M. Antonietti, Markus Bao, Zhenan Berggren, Magnus Berkey, Christopher A. Bettinger, Christopher John Chen, Jun Chen, Peng Cheng, Wenlong Cheng, Xu Choi, Seon-Jin Chortos, Alex Dagdeviren, Canan Dauskardt, Reinhold H. Di, Chong-an Dickey, Michael D. Duan, Xiangfeng Facchetti, Antonio Fan, Zhiyong Fang, Yin Feng, Jianyou Feng, Xue Gao, Huajian Gao, Wei Gong, Xiwen Guo, Chuan Fei Guo, Xiaojun Hartel, Martin C. He, Zihan Ho, John S. Hu, Youfan Huang, Qiyao Huang, Yu Huo, Fengwei Hussain, Muhammad M. Javey, Ali Jeong, Unyong Jiang, Chen Jiang, Xingyu Kang, Jiheong Karnaushenko, Daniil Khademhosseini, Ali Kim, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Il-Doo Kireev, Dmitry Kong, Lingxuan Lee, Chengkuo Lee, Nae-Eung Lee, Pooi See Lee, Tae-Woo Li, Fengyu Li, Jinxing Liang, Cuiyuan Lim, Chwee Teck Lin, Yuanjing Lipomi, Darren J. Liu, Jia Liu, Kai Liu, Nan Liu, Ren Liu, Yuxin Liu, Yuxuan Liu, Zhiyuan Liu, Zhuangjian Loh, Xian Jun Lu, Nanshu Lv, Zhisheng Magdassi, Shlomo Malliaras, George G. Matsuhisa, Naoji Nathan, Arokia Niu, Simiao Pan, Jieming Pang, Changhyun Pei, Qibing Peng, Huisheng Qi, Dianpeng Ren, Huaying Rogers, John A. Rowe, Aaron Schmidt, Oliver G. Sekitani, Tsuyoshi Seo, Dae-Gyo Shen, Guozhen Sheng, Xing Shi, Qiongfeng Someya, Takao Song, Yanlin Stavrinidou, Eleni Su, Meng Sun, Xuemei Takei, Kuniharu Tao, Xiao-Ming Tee, Benjamin C. K. Thean, Aaron Voon-Yew Trung, Tran Quang Wan, Changjin Wang, Huiliang Wang, Joseph Wang, Ming Wang, Sihong Wang, Ting Wang, Zhong Lin Weiss, Paul S. Wen, Hanqi Xu, Sheng Xu, Tailin Yan, Hongping Yan, Xuzhou Yang, Hui Yang, Le Yang, Shuaijian Yin, Lan Yu, Cunjiang Yu, Guihua Yu, Jing Yu, Shu-Hong Yu, Xinge Zamburg, Evgeny Zhang, Haixia Zhang, Xiangyu Zhang, Xiaosheng Zhang, Xueji Zhang, Yihui Zhang, Yu Zhao, Siyuan Zhao, Xuanhe Zheng, Yuanjin Zheng, Yu-Qing Zheng, Zijian Zhou, Tao Zhu, Bowen Zhu, Ming Zhu, Rong Zhu, Yangzhi Zhu, Yong Zou, Guijin Chen, Xiaodong 08-03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas 77024 United States School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 United States Microelectronics Research Center The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78758 United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 United States Colloid Chemistry Department Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14476 Potsdam Germany Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94305 United States Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Campus Norrköping Linköping University 83 Linköping Sweden Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE) and Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC) SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94301 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 United States Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 United States School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore Nanobionics Group Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Monash University Clayton Australia 3800 Monash

Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze continued...challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative

关键词： soft materials mechanics engineering flexible electronics conformable sensors bioelectronics human-machine interfaces body area sensor networks technology translation sustainable electronics

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