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作者： Zhang, Lujia Song, Yurong Cheng, Tat Fan Lu, Mengqian Interdisciplinary Program Office Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

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Dry-season sources of riverine sediment from the tropical mixed urban-agricultural watershed of the Mun River Basin in northeastern Thailand

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第2期38卷 240-252页

作者： Arika Bridhikitti Thayukorn Prabamroong Gaohuan Liu Environmental Engineering and Disaster Management Program School of Interdisciplinary Studies Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus Earth Science Research Center Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahasarakham University State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Northeastern(NE) Thailand is well recognized as the land for rice cropping and consequently, it is potentially contaminated with chemicals from soil fertilization, pest/weed control, and urban *** Mun River basin in NE Thailand principally is comprised of rice paddies and sedimentation in the river has been pronounced, but the studies on sediment source identification are limited. The current study aims to identify sediment sources in the Mun River basin and discuss possible impacts on ecosystems attributed to exposure to polluted sediment. The assessment relies upon physicochemical properties and heavy metal contents(iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), copper(Cu), chromium(Cr), nickel(Ni),and Zinc(Zn)) in the fine-grained sediment(<63 μm) taken from the Mun River basin and the Chi River in the dry season of 2020-2021. The findings revealed that the heavy metals in the sediment had not accumulated to levels of concern. Most sediment was from natural sources, including Fe-and Mn-rich sediment, Cr-dominant sediment, and Ni-and Cu-rich sediment. Fe-and Zn-rich sediment was, however, found in the urban watershed of Lam Ta Klong, and it could originate from mixed urban sources. Ferich sediment was predominant in the Mun River basin, which and could be a significant sink and source of toxic elements from agricultural and urban discharges. It is suggested that the toxic compounds in the sediment should be consistently monitored, whereas ecological and health risk assessment should be focused on the mobile forms.

关键词： Sediment Heavy metals Mun River Lower Mekong River Agriculture

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Observing super-coarse carbonaceous aerosol particles containing chloride in a tropical savanna climate at an agro-forest site in Thailand

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environmental science and Pollution Research 2024年第55期31卷 63718-63733页

作者： Bridhikitti, Arika Kumsawat, Chananphat Phitakpinyo, Nutthanaphat Sontisaka, Sirawich Naksaro, Ratipong Sawangproh, Weerachon Nakayama, Tomoki Environmental Engineering and Disaster Management Program School of Interdisciplinary Studies Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus 199 Moo 9 Lumsum Sub-District Saiyok District Kanchanaburi71150 Thailand Mahidol-York Interdisciplinary Living Research Excellence Center Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus 199 Moo 9 Lumsum Sub-District Saiyok District Kanchanaburi71150 Thailand Conservation Biology Program School of Interdisciplinary Studies Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus 199 Moo 9 Lumsum Sub-District Saiyok District Kanchanaburi71150 Thailand Faculty of Environmental Science Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-Machi Nagasaki Nagasaki City8528521 Japan

Coarse aerosol particles containing chloride in tropical forests are significant for understanding biogeochemical cycles and atmospheric processes, with implications for environmental health and climate change mitigation. This study explored the sources of super-coarse carbonaceous aerosol particles containing chloride in a tropical savanna climate. Aerosol samples were collected from an agro-forest site in Thailand during the dry season and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. By examining the morphology and elemental compositions of individual aerosol particles, along with employing Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and backward trajectory analysis, potential sources were identified. The findings revealed two primary sources for the super-coarse aerosol particles: a mixture of biomass burning smoke and inorganic salts (likely from saline soil and sea salt), as well as halophilic fungal spores. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of compounds linked to biomass burning and clay minerals, influenced by prevailing northeast and southeast winds. Recommendations for future research include continued monitoring, correlation with meteorological parameters, and the application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for more detailed visualization and confirmation of aerosol sources. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Impact of spatial distribution of light intensity on disinfection kinetics of Mycobacterium smegmatis and E. coli using TiO2-based photocatalyst

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Nanotechnology for environmental Engineering 2023年第2期8卷 567-579页

作者： Mandal, Chinmoy Nishad, Vartika Sahu, Manoranjan 507 Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai400076 India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India

Photocatalysis using various nanomaterials of different characteristics has been investigated with various metrics for achieving optimal efficiency. However, the spatial distribution of light intensities from the light source, a key factor in photocatalysis process and the selection of an appropriate kinetic model for explaining disinfection characteristics of different microorganisms have not been given ample consideration. In this study, a suitable model has been applied to identify spatial distribution of light based on the light source used and applied in the kinetic models to identify the disinfection rate. Disinfection efficiencies of nanoparticles (TiO2 and Cu-doped TiO2) with different light intensities on gram-positive bacteria, Mycobacterium smegmatis and gram-negative bacteria E. coli was evaluated. The kinetic study revealed that Mycobacterium smegmatis fits well with Chick–Watson model, while E. coli fits well with delayed Chick–Watson model. The rate constants (k) were found to be 0.013 min−1 (TiO2), 0.021 min−1 (3%Cu–TiO2) and 0.020 min−1 (Cu2+) for Mycobacterium and 0.019 min−1 (TiO2) for E. coli. From model evaluation, light intensity decreased exponentially from 3.07 µW cm−2 (3 cm) to 0.98 µW cm−2 (6 cm) and 0.10 µW cm−2 (25 cm) resulting in a sharp decline in the inactivation potential;however, the effect was insignificant beyond 10 cm. On doubling the intensity, disinfection efficiency increased by 1.6 log CFUml−1 (TiO2) and 2.4 log CFU ml−1 (Cu–TiO2), but with one-fourth of intensity it decreased by 1.2 log CFUml−1 (TiO2) and 1.8 log CFUml−1 (Cu–TiO2). Therefore, by optimizing the combination of nanoparticles like TiO2 and Cu, light intensity at 6.14 µW cm−2 and optimal spatial distribution of the light source at 3 cm, increased efficiency of microbial disinfection could be achieved. Thus, this study provides an approach to optimize photocatalytic parameters with inclusion of spatial distribution of light intensity for enhancing the photocatalyt

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Study of bioaerosol disinfection kinetics and application of nonlinear regression modeling for optimization of TiO2-based photocatalytic disinfection process

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Nanotechnology for environmental Engineering 2023年第4期8卷 911-922页

作者： Nishad, Vartika Mandal, Chinmoy Sahu, Manoranjan Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 507 Powai Mumbai400076 India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India

Bacteria and viruses are some of the major sources of indoor air pollution. Many strategies are utilized to control indoor biopollutants. Among the new emerging technologies, this work focuses on the photocatalytic oxidation process and application of disinfection models to optimize the photocatalytic process in bioaerosol control. The kinetics of bioaerosol disinfection was investigated in the photocatalytic process with nonlinear regression analysis for Serratia marcescens and E. coli bacteria. The Chick–Watson model was found suitable and was applied for determination of the inactivation kinetics. The inactivation rate constant k’ was found to be 0.0038 min−1 for S. marcescens and 0.09 min−1 for E. coli. The outcomes showed that in the process of disinfection kinetics of bioaerosols, pseudo-first-order kinetics fits well. With nonlinear regression analysis, a model was developed based on functional parameters such as UV intensity (20 to 100 W/m2), relative humidity (30 to 85%) and air velocity (37 to 112 ft/min) for S. marcescens and TiO2 loading (960 and 1516 mg/m2), UV intensity (0.5 to 3.4 mW/cm2) and relative humidity (51 to 85%) for E. coli. For E. coli overall inactivation was found to increase with an increase in TiO2 loading, RH or UV intensities. The inactivation rate of S. marcescens increased with an increase in UV intensity;however, it was found to decrease at very high or low values of relative humidity and air velocity. Hence, the optimum values for relative velocity were found to be 50% and air velocity of 74 ft/min for S. marcescens. The rate expressions derived for both data can be utilized for predicting and optimizing the disinfection rate at different conditions. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Comparative Study of Testing Indigenous Air Filters for Fine PM Removal 1st

Comparative Study of Testing Indigenous Air Filters for Fine...

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1st International Conference on Pollution Control for Clean Environment, ICPCCE 2023

作者： Nawale, Prashant Sahu, Manoranjan Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819778454

Air pollution has become a serious global issue, which has significant impacts on both human health and the environment. Over the past decade, air quality has deteriorated due to various anthropogenic activities including construction, urbanization and industrialization. These activities release hazardous particles and harmful gases into the atmosphere, contributing to poor air quality. Developing countries such as India have been particularly affected, with some of their cities among the most polluted worldwide. To address this serious concern, it is imperative to develop and implement air pollution control technologies for both indoor and outdoor environments. This study focuses on the structured investigation of the performance of locally available air filter media in terms of their removal efficiency for submicron and micron-size particles. Various indigenous air filter media are subjected to rigorous testing to evaluate their overall and size-specific filtration efficiency and corresponding differential pressure drop. The results of these performance evaluations are then compared to their effectiveness in removing coarse and fine particles from the air. This research aims to provide valuable insights into the development of effective air filtration systems to combat air pollution. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Air filters Air pollution control technology Air purification Coarse PM Fine PM

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Geophysical Constraints on Decarbonized Systems—Building Spatio-Temporal Uncertainties into Future Electricity Grid Planning

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Current Sustainable/Renewable Energy Reports 2023年第4期10卷 218-233页

作者： Chowdhury, Afm Kamal Wild, Thomas Deshmukh, Ranjit Iyer, Gokul Galelli, Stefano Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland College ParkMD20740 United States College ParkMD20740 United States Environmental Studies Program University of California Santa Barbara Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California Santa Barbara Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States School of Civil and Environemntal Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States

Purpose of Review: Future electricity grids will be characterized by the high penetration of renewables to support the decarbonization process. Yet, this transition will further expose grids to a broad spectrum of geophysical forces, such as weather and climate or the availability of land and minerals. Here, we synthesize the current body of knowledge on the relationship between geophysical constraints and electricity grid planning. Recent Findings: We show that there have been promising advances in the data, methods, and modelling tools needed to incorporate the effect of geophysical constraints on demand, resource availability, and grid operations. However, current research efforts are typically focused on the effect of a single constraint, thereby lacking a broader view of the problem. Summary: More system-specific and finer-scale analyses are necessary to better understand how spatio-temporal variability in geophysical forces affects grid planning. Moreover, we need a broader focus on the multi-sectoral implications of decarbonization efforts, including the societal consequences of grid management decisions. Importantly, all these efforts are challenged by the computational requirements of existing power system models, which often limit our ability to characterize uncertainty and scale analyses across larger domains. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

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Assessment of the Statistical Performance of Chemical Transport Model Studies in India

ACS ES&T Air

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ACS ES&T Air 2024年第12期1卷 1519-1530页

作者： Rishi Shandilya Pranav Chaudhari Srinidhi Balasubramanian Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India 400 076 Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India 400 076

India’s public health is seriously endangered by air pollution and linked to ∼0.8–0.98 million and 0.17 million premature deaths annually from chronic exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone, respectively. Air quality forecasting tools are needed to assess the spatiotemporal variability of air pollutants and evaluate the impact of potential mitigation measures. Gridded concentrations of PM2.5and ozone are typically derived from first principle models called Chemical Transport Models (CTMs). Widespread application of CTMs, particularly for regulatory purposes, requires an understanding of model performance in comparison with observation data. A landscape approach that systematically reviews CTM model predictions and proposes benchmarks for assessing model performance can offer a way forward to build confidence in CTM-backed forecasting tools. Following similar efforts in the United States and China, we systematically shortlisted and examined model performance outcomes for 46 CTM studies reporting PM2.5and ozone predictions in India between 2008 and 2023. The reported statistical metrics for each pollutant (normalized mean bias (NMB), normalized mean error (NME), coefficient of correlation (r), and index of agreement (IOA) were rank ordered to identify two types of benchmarks: “goals” (highest achievable model accuracy based on top one-third performing studies) and “criteria” (typical model accuracy based on the top two-third performing studies). The identified goal performance for PM2.5was 17% (NMB), 34% (NME), and 0.67 (r), and ozone was 14% (NMB), 43% (NME), and 0.89 (r). These benchmarks are less restrictive than those reported for the United States and China. This highlights the need for the CTM community to coalesce around a common set of practices in evaluating CTMs. Additionally, complementary efforts in developing representative emissions inventories and including air pollution data from the expanding observational networks are required to update suc

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Development of high-accuracy particle concentration prediction model. An application of remote sensing and machine learning 18

Development of high-accuracy particle concentration predicti...

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18th Healthy Buildings Europe Conference 2023: Beyond Disciplinary Boundaries

作者： Moni, Mufaddal Sahu, Manoranjan Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India

ISBN: (纸本)9781713877158

Indoor air is a dominant exposure for humans as more than half of the body’s intake during a lifetime is air inhaled indoors. Most of the buildings in developing nations are openly ventilated, and there is no significant difference between the outside and indoor air. Efforts are being made by authorities to build well-controlled indoor environments. The lack of air pollution monitoring systems is one of the major challenges in identifying high-risk zones where the development of healthy buildings is critical. Ground-based monitoring systems are sparsely distributed in major cities only. Whereas low-cost sensors come with challenges related to calibration, accuracy, and reliability. Satellites provide continuous global coverage with high-resolution AOD data. Though significant work has been done correlating AOD and PM2.5, still the models lack accuracy and transferability. The vertical distribution profile of the aerosols significantly affects the surface level concentration which is not accounted for by the majority of the studies done for AOD-PM2.5 modeling. This study emphasizes the use of high-resolution AOD from CHRISTINE code and aerosol vertical distribution profile, along with meteorological parameters and factors affecting particle size distribution, to develop a step-down methodology for more accurate PM2.5 prediction and transferable a larger geographical range. © Healthy Buildings Europe 2023. All rights reserved.

关键词： Air quality

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Projection of climate change effects on flood inundation in the Gin River basin, Sri Lanka 9

Projection of climate change effects on flood inundation in ...

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9th International Conference on Flood Management, ICFM 2023

作者： Jayapadma, Jayapadma Mudalige Miyuru Uthpala Souma, Kazuyoshi Ishidaira, Hiroshi Magome, Jun Wickramaarachchi, Thushara Navodani Special Educational Program on River Basin Environmental Science Integrated Graduate School of Medicine Engineering and Agricultural Sciences University of Yamanashi 4-3-11 Takeda Yamanashi Kofu400-8511 Japan Interdisciplinary Centre for River Basin Environment University of Yamanashi 4-3-11 Takeda Yamanashi Kofu400-8511 Japan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Ruhuna Galle Hapugala Sri Lanka

Human-induced climate change has altered the frequency and severity of heavy precipitation, droughts, and floods worldwide. Sri Lanka, a developing country in the Indian Ocean, has suffered frequent floods, affecting over 64 % of the population in the past decade. The Gin River, the primary drinking water source of the densely populated Galle district with over 1 million residents, faces recurrent flood disasters. Therefore, this study employed a multi-model ensemble to simultaneously simulate the impact of climate change on both river flow and inundation extent in the frequently flooded Gin River basin located in humid tropical monsoon region. Bias-corrected climate projections of an ensemble of five General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 emission scenario were used to project future river flow and flood inundation in the Gin River basin, Sri Lanka. The validated Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (RRI) model projected a 5 % increase in high flows (flows exceeding a 5 % probability of exceedance ( Copyright © 2024 Jayapadma Mudalige Miyuru Uthpala Jayapadma et al.

关键词： Floods

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