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The spatial differentiation mechanism of intangible cultural heritage and its integration with tourism development based on explainable machine learning and coupled coordination models: a case study of the Jiang-Zhe-Hu in China

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HERITAGE SCIENCE 2024年第1期12卷 414页

作者： Shao, Dandan Zoh, Kyungjin Xie, Yanzhao Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Urban Landscape Planning & Design LAB ULPD Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Seoul 08826 South Korea Guangzhou Univ Sch Comp Sci & Cyber Engn Guangzhou 510000 Peoples R China

As a vital carrier of traditional culture, Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) not only preserves historical value but also fosters cultural identity and confidence. This study utilizes explainable machine learning and coupled coordination models to analyze the spatial distribution and formation mechanisms of ICH resources in the Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai (Jiang-Zhe-Hu). The results indicate that (1) ICH resources in the Jiang-Zhe-Hu exhibit a clustered distribution pattern characterized by "three primary cores and two secondary cores." The primary core areas are Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Suzhou, while the secondary core areas are Yangzhou and Nanjing. (2) Population, number of religious places, and GDP have a significant positive impact on the distribution of ICH in the Jiang-Zhe-Hu. NDVI and road mileage have relatively minor effects on ICH distribution. (3) In terms of ICH resources, Zhejiang Province overall has a higher level than Jiangsu Province, with Lishui having the highest evaluation value and the most abundant resources. Regarding the level of tourism industry development, Shanghai has the highest comprehensive evaluation value, followed by Suzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuxi, and Changzhou, all of which have relatively high levels of tourism development. (4) According to the coupled coordination model analysis, Shanghai demonstrates the best coupling degree between ICH resources and the tourism industry, achieving a good coordination level. In Jiangsu Province, the integration of ICH resources and the tourism industry is relatively better in the southern (e.g., Nanjing, Suzhou), but there are still imbalances in development in the northern. Zhejiang Province has an overall higher degree of integration between ICH and the tourism industry compared to Jiangsu, with more balanced development. However, there is still room for improvement in the deep integration of ICH resources with the tourism industry.

关键词： Jiang-Zhe-Hu Activation of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) Cultural and tourism integration Coupled coordination Machine learning

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A comprehensive framework of cooling effect-accessibility-urban development to assessing and planning park cooling services

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2023年 98卷

作者： Xiao, Yi Piao, Yong Wei, Wei Pan, Chao Lee, Dongkun Zhao, Bing Nanjing Forestry Univ Coll Landscape Architecture Nanjing 210037 Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul 08826 South Korea Nanjing XiaoZhuang Univ Sch Environm Sci Nanjing 210000 Peoples R China Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Econ & Management Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Nanjing Forestry Univ Dept Landscape Architecture 159 Longpan Rd Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

With increasing global warming and urbanization, extreme heat events threaten the health of urban dwellers. Urban parks can alleviate severe urban heating, but previous research on park cooling effect has largely involved single-dimension analysis and lacked a multi-dimensional perspective that explores the equity of park cooling services. To address the issue, this study proposes a comprehensive framework of cooling effect-accessibility-urban development for assessing and planning 113 urban parks in Nanjing, China. The results show an unequal distribution of the park cooling services index (PCSI), which decreases outward from the city center to surrounding areas, with an average PCSI within the ring road 1.34 times higher than outside. The value of the cooling effect was relatively low, with the two lowest levels accounting for 65.5%, and the parks with low values of accessibility and urban development were concentrated outside the ring road. Additionally, increasing the park area, Normalized difference vegetation index of vegetated area, and blue-green proportion could effectively enhance the cooling effect. Four park cooling service types were identified according to supplydemand, as well as intervention strategies and adaptive planning measures were developed. This study constructed a new comprehensive framework for park cooling services to improve equity and promote urban parks.

关键词： Park cooling service Assessment and planning Cooling effect Accessibility Urban development Equity

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Early invasion of common cordgrass (Spartina anglica) increases belowground biomass and decreases macrofaunal density and diversity in a tidal flat marsh

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BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS 2022年第11期24卷 3615-3629页

作者： Shin, Wonhyeop Oh, Minwoo Hong, Jae-Sang Byun, Chaeho Lee, Eun Ju Seoul Natl Univ Sch Biol Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conve Seoul 08826 South Korea Inha Univ Dept Ocean Sci Incheon 22212 South Korea Korea Inst Coastal Ecol Bucheon 14449 South Korea Andong Natl Univ Dept Biol Sci & Biotechnol Andong 36729 South Korea

Spartina anglica (hereafter Spartina) is an invasive perennial marsh grass shifting hydrodynamic regime and sediment characteristics in invaded area, thereby reducing macrobenthic diversity. There have been only a few studies focusing on the patch structure of Spartina according to size and its effects on macrofauna. A field experiment was conducted to identify effects of Spartina patches where they have been introduced no later than 5 years after invasion occurred on macrofauna assemblages in Ganghwa Island, South Korea. The survey area was divided into two sections according to vegetation: (1) Suaeda japonica vegetation from 0 to 60 m away from the levee, and (2) bare mudflat from 60 to 90 m away from the levee. The patch sizes of Spartina were categorized into small (1-4 m(2)), medium (5-11 m(2)), and large (13-40 m(2)) in area with four replicates for each section. The biomass ratio of the belowground and aboveground in the small size patch of Spartina was significantly higher than those in the medium and large size patch of Spartina. It indicated that more resource was allocated to rhizomes in small size patch with short invasion history (1 similar to 2 years). After Spartina invaded, macrofauna richness (70%), Shannon-Wiener diversity (80%), and density (67%) were decreased. However, infaunal deposit-feeding polychaete Perinereis linea and epifaunal gastropods Batillaria cumingi and Lactiforis takii increased by Spartina. Ordination of macroinvertebrate assemblages separated the habitat with Spartina invasion from the adjacent uninvaded tidal flat and Suaeda japonica habitats. This study offers a significant insight into early invasion strategies of an aggressive plant invader, Spartina for management of coastal wetlands and its impacts on macrofaunal assemblages.

关键词： Biomass allocation Macrobenthos communities Patch size Spartina Species diversity Tidal flat marsh

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Evaluating the efficiency of fog cooling for climate change adaptation in vulnerable groups: A case study of Daegu Metropolitan City

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BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2022年 217卷 1页

作者： Kim, Jaekyoung Kang, Junsuk Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea

This study quantitatively analyzed the effect of fog cooling on temperature reduction and conducted an optimization study on the layout for planning a fog cooling system in the Daegu Metropolitan City. First, the design and verification of a single fog cooling unit was identified through an indoor experiment. Second, the temperature reduction effect of the installed fog cooling system was measured based on a sensor and verified through a finite volume method (FVM)-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Third, a numerical analysis of the optimal fog cooling arrangement was designed and performed in the Indongchon area. The temperature reduction design manual and model equations, which can be used by decision-makers, were analyzed through numerical analysis. The measured temperature reduction and simulation values had a high accuracy of R-2 > 0.8. Based on the verified model, scenarios A-D were designed and analyzed according to the fog cooling arrangement. Scenario B, in which the fog cooling was arranged vertically to the wind direction, appeared to be the most efficient. In this case, the volume average temperature where fog cooling was installed could be reduced by up to 3.02 degrees C. It was also found that efficiency is higher when the fog cooling system is positioned at narrow intervals of <5 m than at wide intervals of >10 m, considering the wind direction. The results of this study can aid decision makers-including urban policymakers and planners-for estimating the potential extent of temperature reduction and increase in humidity by adopting fog cooling.

关键词： Daegu Metropolitan City Smart city Climate change adaptation Fog cooling Numerical analysis Design manual

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Adaptation strategies for future coastal flooding: Performance evaluation of green and grey infrastructure in South Korea

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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023年第1期334卷 117495页

作者： Park, Sangjin Sohn, Wonmin Piao, Yong Lee, Dongkun Korea Inst Publ Adm Dept Publ Adm & Risk Governance Seoul 03367 South Korea Michigan State Univ Sch Planning Design & Construction E Lansing MI 48826 USA Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea

Climate change is contributing to an increasing frequency and intensity of floods in Korea. This study predicts areas with a high probability of flooding in coastal areas of South Korea owing to future climate change, which is likely to cause extreme rainfall and sea-level rise, using a spatiotemporal downscaled future climate change scenario with random forest, artificial neural network, and k-nearest neighbor techniques. In addition, the change in coastal flooding risk probability according to the application of different adaptation strategies (green spaces and seawalls) was identified. The results showed a clear difference in the risk probability distribution in the absence and presence of either adaptation strategy. Their effectiveness in moderating future flooding risks is subject to change owing to strategy type, geographic region, and urbanization intensity and the results show that green spaces are slightly more effective than seawalls when forecasting for 2050. This demonstrates the importance of a nature-based strategy. Moreover, this study highlights the need to prepare adaptation measures according to regional characteristics to mitigate the impact of climate change. Korea is surrounded by seas on three sides that have independent geophysical and climate characteristics. The south coast has a higher risk of coastal flooding than the east and west coasts. In addition, a higher urbanization rate is associated with a higher risk probability. This implies that climate change response strategies for coastal cities are necessary as the population and socioeconomic activities of coastal urban areas are likely to increase in the future.

关键词： Climate change Flooding risk Mitigation strategy Nature-based solution Adaptive pathway Regional climate models

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Smart cities and disaster risk reduction in South Korea by 2022: The case of Daegu

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HELIYON 2023年第8期9卷 e18794页

作者： Kim, Jaekyoung Lee, Jung-Min Kang, Junsuk Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul 08826 South Korea Land & Housing Inst Daejeon 34047 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea

Smart cities have been introduced globally. It involves technical development and economic, social, and environmental objectives. In response to the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) and global trends, Korea has prepared legal and institutional measures for smart city composition. This study reviewed the importance of key documents and agreements in Daegu Metropolitan City to reduce disaster risk for the vulnerable in the context of smart cities. 25 research studies were critically and systematically reviewed from the perspective of disaster risk reduction in smart cities. In its disaster safety areas, Daegu Metropolitan City aims to reduce property damage and casualties that may occur because of physical events such as collapse, water-related disasters, and heatwaves by up to 20%. Smart disaster mitigation involves data collection, sharing, and propagation. The entire process is handled on a safety platform called Data hub. According to the Daegu Metropolitan City government, solving social problems and managing disasters is key to a smart city, and it is striving to improve the efficiency of other cities. However, Daegu has limitations because it is a service-oriented smart city, and it is necessary to engage citizens to participate, raise awareness of the smart city, and educate them on the platform. The study results recommend future research that focus on disaster risk reduction and resilience in smart cities worldwide.

关键词： Smart city Disaster risk reduction Smart city innovation growth engine project Disaster mitigation Data sharing Safety platform

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Development of a filter-based near-surface remote sensing system to retrieve far-red sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence

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REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2022年 283卷

作者： Kim, Jongmin Ryu, Youngryel Dechant, Benjamin Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv Leipzig Germany Univ Leipzig Leipzig Germany Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 151921 South Korea

Observations of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) by remote sensing have improved our understanding of the structural and physiological dynamics of vegetation. Substantial efforts have been made to measure SIF with ground-based sensing systems, but field observation data for various plant functional types are still sparse. This is partly due to the limited availability of commercial SIF measurement systems, the relatively high cost of hyperspectral spectroradiometers, and the difficulties of sensor calibration and maintenance in the field. We developed a filter-based smart near-surface remote sensing system for SIF (4S-SIF) to overcome the technical challenges of monitoring SIF in the field, which also decreased the sensor cost, thus enabling more compre-hensive spatial sampling. To retrieve SIF, we combined ultra-narrow bandpass filters (full width half maximum <1.3 nm) and photodiode detectors to observe electromagnetic radiation at specific wavelengths (757, 761, and 770 nm). We confirmed that the spectral and radiometric performance of the bandpass filters was satisfactory to retrieve SIF by comparing them to a high-spectral-resolution spectroradiometer that served as a reference. In particular, we confirmed that the digital numbers (DNs) from 4S-SIF exhibited linear relationships with the DN from the reference spectroradiometer in each band (R2 > 0.99). In addition, we developed equations to correct for temperature-induced changes in filter transmittance, such that SIF can be reliably extracted in outdoor en-vironments without the need to actively stabilize the temperature. Furthermore, we confirmed that the SIF signal from 4S-SIF had a strong linear relationship with the reference spectroradiometer-based SIF. Importantly, this relationship held even when the physiological mechanisms of the plant were altered by a herbicide treatment that induced substantial changes in the SIF signal (R2 = 0.85, relative RMSE = 0.22), which indicated that 4S-SIF could

关键词： Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence Photodiode Bandpass filters Spectroradiometer

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Integrating ecosystem services and ecological connectivity to prioritize spatial conservation on Jeju Island, South Korea

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landscape AND URBAN PLANNING 2023年第1期239卷

作者： Kim, Jihwan Song, Youngkeun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Design Seoul 08826 South Korea

Increasing development pressure on designated natural heritage areas poses a significant threat to biodiversity and ecosystems. Balancing intensive development and biodiversity conservation is crucial for achieving ecological sustainability. Ecological connectivity (EC) enhances regional ecological sustainability by promoting interactions between ecological sources and stabilizing ecosystem dynamics. Spatial conservation prioritization (SCP) is a useful approach for identifying areas requiring protection;however, resource allocation decisions for connectivity conservation remain challenging. In this study, we identified SCP areas and evaluated EC using the circuit theory-based Omniscape algorithm on Jeju Island, South Korea, a designated natural heritage site. Our objectives were to identify key pinch point areas, determine suitable locations for conservation and restoration based on our EC findings, and discuss strategies to enhance EC on Jeju Island. Our results showed that ecological sources are predominantly situated in central and eastern Jeju Island, whereas urban areas had high resistance values. These findings indicate ecological disconnection between coastal and mid-mountain areas;pinch points represented 4.92% and 8.87% of these areas, respectively. Channeled areas were mainly concentrated in mid-mountain regions. SCP areas occurred in small (22.06 km2, 18%) and large (97.52 km2, 79.54%) patches in coastal and mid-mountain areas, respectively, which did not overlap with existing protected areas. Our findings will assist land use planners and stakeholders in implementing conservation and restoration policies for mid-mountain areas, and provide guidance for connecting coastal and inland regions.

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Unveiling differences in biodiversity conservation efficiency across multi-level ecological networks under future climate change scenarios

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ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2024年 169卷

作者： Liu, Qiqi Hang, Tian Wu, Yunfei Song, Youngkeun Tang, Xiaolan Nanjing Forestry Univ Dept Landscape Architecture Nanjing Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Design Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea Nanjing Forestry Univ Dept Art & Design Nanjing Peoples R China Nanjing Forestry Univ Acad Chinese Ecol Progress & Forestry Studies Nanjing Peoples R China

Constructing ecological networks between protected areas is crucial for preventing further biodiversity loss. Considering the variations among protected areas, developing multi-level ecological networks can optimize resource allocation. However, the future effectiveness of these multi-level networks in protecting biodiversity remains unclear. In this study, we considered aspects including the distribution of endangered species, the impact of climate change, and human activity to identify ecological sources at different levels and established multi-level ecological corridors. We then evaluated the biodiversity conservation efficiency of multi-level ecological networks under future climate change scenarios. The results showed that high-priority ecological corridors are primarily concentrated in the southwestern part of the Yangtze River Delta, gradually extending eastward, while ecological corridors in the northern region are of relatively lower priority. Significant differences were also observed in the conservation efficiency of ecological networks at different levels. Under future climate change scenarios (SSP 126, 245, 370, and 585), smaller scale but higher-priority ecological networks (Level 1 and Level 2) demonstrated higher conservation efficiency, reaching 75.36% and 61.13%, respectively. In contrast, larger scale but lower-priority ecological networks (Level 3 and Level 4) had conservation efficiency below 50%. These results highlight that the prioritization of ecological networks should be considered during their construction and implementation, as it is essential to their future contributions to biodiversity conservation.

关键词： Ecological network Biodiversity conservation Conservation efficiency Protected areas SSP scenarios

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Modeling supports the implementation of urban greening as a response to the challenges of sustainable spatial planning

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Journal of Environmental Management 2025年 386卷 125648页

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Hyun, Jung Hee Kim, Na Yeon Heo, Su Jeong Kim, Da Seul Lee, Dong Kun Low-Carbon and Climate Impact Research Centre School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Ave Hong Kong Kowloon Tong China Systemic Risk and Resilience Research Group Advancing Systems Analysis International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Austria Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Forest Disaster & Environment Department National Institute of Forest Science Seoul Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science 4 Dept. of Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Urban greening is critical for sustainable urban development, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation. However, the effectiveness of urban greening varies depending on the specific goals (e.g., enhancing biodiversity, reducing urban heat, or both) and their spatial implementation. To address the spatial variability in the effectiveness of greening, we propose a spatial decision support model based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). This model aims to optimize urban greening locations to maximize biomass density, mitigate urban heat stress, and improve landscape connectivity. Applied to Suwon City, South Korea, the model's effectiveness was evaluated against a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario across four scenarios: connectivity-based, biomass density-based, heat stress-based, and an integrated-based scenario. The integrated approach, balancing trade-offs between ecological benefits and implementation costs, outperformed the BAU scenario by 8.84 %. Despite highlighting a weaker correlation with heat stress mitigation, this outcome indicates significant improvements in biomass density and landscape connectivity. Our findings underscore the necessity of an integrated planning approach to urban greening, as it can contribute toward attaining urban development goals. Additionally, by proposing an app-based model for policymakers, our outputs should enable the reconciliation of multiple environmental objectives in urban landscapes. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Biotic

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