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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on regional mobility, economy, and sustainability: insights from Asia and beyond

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ANNALS OF REGIONAL SCIENCE 2023年第1期71卷 171-174页

作者： Gim, Tae-Hyoung Tommy Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Planning Lab Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Integrated Major Reg Studies & Spatial AnalytEnvi Seoul South Korea

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How does the length of residence in a neighborhood vary the effects of neighborhood land use on commuting trip time and mode choice?

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ANNALS OF REGIONAL SCIENCE 2022年第1期68卷 95-123页

作者： Gim, Tae-Hyoung Tommy Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Gwanak Ro 1Bldg 82Room 222 Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Environm Planning Inst Gwanak Ro 1Bldg 82Room 222 Seoul 08826 South Korea

Recent studies that estimated the land use-travel relationship while controlling for residential self-selection mostly acknowledged the potential for the self-selection in the reverse direction according to learning and self-justification over time. Thus, this study empirically tests how the relationship varies by the length of time after residential move in Seoul, South Korea. Analytical results show that population density encourages the choice of automobile alternatives in extreme cases, that is, for newly moved first-year residents who decided to tolerate congestion and for longtime residents of 4 years or more who had a due chance to learn and appreciate neighborhood travel options and also, it extends commuting time for these short and longtime residents. Employment density reduces commuting time for all but longtime residents because of better jobs-housing balance while it is not necessarily accompanied by mode choice variations. Street intersection density is associated with commuting time variations in all cases. Land use balance entropy is unrelated to the time variations, but consistently related to the alternative mode choice, and possibly beneficial to trip-chaining. While public transit densities are classified into subway and bus densities, the former turns out to be significant regarding commuting time and mode choice for most residents, but the latter only for first-year residents. Particularly on the mode choice, the gradual learning effect is associated with subway density (significant after 1 year), whereas the self-justification effect by bus density is rather quick, but not lasting (significant only for 1 year).

关键词： R14 R41 R42

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Evaluating the effectiveness of mitigation measures in environmental impact assessments: A comprehensive review of development projects in Korea

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HELIYON 2024年第11期10卷 e31647页

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Lee, Dong Kun Choi, Jiyoung Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Pro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Specialized Grad Sch Intelligent Ecosci Dept Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engi neer Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea

Rapid urbanization and development projects in Korea have posed significant threats to biodiversity;thus, effective mitigation measures are required to preserve natural habitats. Nevertheless, the factors underlying variations in mitigation measure effectiveness according to the disturbance level and surrounding environmental conditions have not been clarified. This study evaluated the effectiveness of mitigation measures implemented in environmental impact assessments (EIAs) of development projects in Korea, with a focus on their effectiveness with respect to the disturbance level and surrounding environmental conditions. A review of 288 EIA reports from selected projects that implemented all 10 mitigation measures classified according to the Wildlife Conservation Comprehensive Plan was conducted. Using the biodiversity tipping point framework, the effects of mitigation measures on biodiversity were categorized into four levels and analyzed. Analysis of variance and redundancy analysis were then performed to discern the variance in mitigation measure effectiveness in terms of the disturbance level, surrounding environment, and species. The results revealed significant variations in the effectiveness of mitigation measures depending on the surrounding environment and disturbance level. Linear projects exhibited a clear impact on various species as the disturbance level increased, whereas area-based projects did not exhibit such pronounced effects. All species demonstrated a negative relationship with development duration, development area, and distance from urban centers. Notably, avian and amphibian species showed a strong negative correlation with the digital elevation model while reptiles and mammals exhibited a strong positive relationship with predevelopment biodiversity and distance from protected areas, respectively. Mitigation measures play a key role in alleviating the adverse effects of development projects;therefore, our findings indicate the need for spa

关键词： Mitigation measures Effectiveness analysis Terrestrial animals Decision-making support Post-environment impact assessment

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Predicting Changes in the Built Environment in the era of Vehicular Automation: A Review

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JOURNAL OF PLANNING LITERATURE 2023年第2期38卷 215-228页

作者： Jeong, Jindo Lee, Juhyun Gim, Tae-Hyoung Tommy Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Seoul South Korea Xian Jiaotong Liverpool Univ Dept Urban Planning & Design RChina Suzhou Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Environm Planning Inst Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Gwanak ro 1Bldg 82Room 222 Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Environm Planning Inst Gwanak ro 1Bldg 82Room 222 Seoul 08826 South Korea

We conducted a comprehensive investigation into the relationship between autonomous vehicles (AVs) and the built environment (BE). We explored how various potential changes in transportation by AVs may influence the BE using the D-variables: density, diversity, design, and destination accessibility. Our review revealed that AVs could cause drastic changes to all aspects of the BE;however, the extent of these changes strongly depends on uncertainties in technology, policy, and transportation modes. Further research into AVs-BE relationships should focus on developing comprehensive scenarios, accounting for these uncertainties and regional and social characteristics.

关键词： autonomous vehicles density diversity design destination accessibility land use-transportation interaction urban transportation

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High soil organic carbon stocks under impervious surfaces contributed by urban deep cultural layers

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landscape AND URBAN PLANNING 2020年 204卷 103953-103953页

作者： Bae, Jeehwan Ryu, Youngryel Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr & Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 151921 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conve Seoul South Korea

Rapid urbanization has created large areas of impervious surface areas globally. As there is little carbon input by plants into soils under impervious surfaces, soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks under impervious surfaces generally have been overlooked in the urban carbon budgets. Here we investigate SOC stocks under impervious concrete surfaces and vegetative surfaces across soil profiles to a depth of 5 m in urban housing complexes in Seoul, Republic of Korea. In the top 1 m of the profile, SOC stocks under vegetative surfaces were three times greater than those under impervious surfaces. However, we discovered that unexpectedly high SOC stocks appeared in deeper soil layers under both surface types, which led to comparable SOC stocks at a depth of 5 m beneath the impervious surface (16.9 +/- 1.9 kgC m(-2)) and at the vegetative surface (22.3 +/- 2.2 kgC m(-2)). Consequently, the ratio of SOC stocks at depths of 1 m to 5 m were 16% in impervious surfaces and 34% in vegetative surfaces, suggesting conventional soil sampling at 1 m depth could miss large SOC. Stable isotope data (delta C-13 and delta N-15) combined with historical aerial photographs revealed that cropland that existed until the 1970s formed the high SOC cultural layer in deeper soils. Our results highlight that deep soils under impervious surfaces could be overlooked carbon hotspots in urban ecosystems. We believe this finding could help city planners and policy makers to assess regional carbon budgets and to reduce carbon footprint by recycling the deep SOC excavated from various construction projects towards sustainable urban development.

关键词： Soil carbon Impervious surface Soil(13)C and( 15)N Cultural layer Urban deep soils

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Inconsistencies of interannual variability and trends in long-term satellite leaf area index products

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GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017年第10期23卷 4133-4146页

作者： Jiang, Chongya Ryu, Youngryel Fang, Hongliang Myneni, Ranga Claverie, Martin Zhu, Zaichun Seoul Natl Univ Brain Korea Plus Team 21 Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Agr & Forest Meteorol Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Chinese Acad Sci LREIS Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Beijing Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Peoples R China Boston Univ Dept Earth & Environm Boston MA 02215 USA Univ Maryland Dept Geog Sci College Pk MD 20742 USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr Greenbelt MD USA Peking Univ Coll Urban & Environm Sci Sino French Inst Earth Syst Sci Beijing Peoples R China

Understanding the long-term performance of global satellite leaf area index (LAI) products is important for global change research. However, few effort has been devoted to evaluating the long-term time-series consistencies of LAI products. This study compared four long-term LAI products (GLASS, GLOBMAP, LAI3g, and TCDR) in terms of trends, interannual variabilities, and uncertainty variations from 1982 through 2011. This study also used four ancillary LAI products (GEOV1, MERIS, MODIS C5, and MODIS C6) from 2003 through 2011 to help clarify the performances of the four long-term LAI products. In general, there were marked discrepancies between the four long-term LAI products. During the pre-MODIS period (1982-1999), both linear trends and interannual variabilities of global mean LAI followed the order GLASS>LAI3g>TCDR>GLOBMAP. The GLASS linear trend and interannual variability were almost 4.5 times those of GLOBMAP. During the overlap period (2003-2011), GLASS and GLOBMAP exhibited a decreasing trend, TCDR no trend, and LAI3g an increasing trend. GEOV1, MERIS, and MODIS C6 also exhibited an increasing trend, but to a much smaller extent than that from LAI3g. During both periods, the R-2 of detrended anomalies between the four long-term LAI products was smaller than 0.4 for most regions. Interannual variabilities of the four long-term LAI products were considerably different over the two periods, and the differences followed the order GLASS>LAI3g>TCDR>GLOBMAP. Uncertainty variations quantified by a collocation error model followed the same order. Our results indicate that the four long-term LAI products were neither intraconsistent over time nor interconsistent with each other. These inconsistencies may be due to NOAA satellite orbit changes and MODIS sensor degradation. Caution should be used in the interpretation of global changes derived from the four long-term LAI products.

关键词： GLASS GLOBMAP intercomparison LAI3g leaf area index (LAI) TCDR time series

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Early invasion of common cordgrass (Spartina anglica) increases belowground biomass and decreases macrofaunal density and diversity in a tidal flat marsh

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BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS 2022年第11期24卷 3615-3629页

作者： Shin, Wonhyeop Oh, Minwoo Hong, Jae-Sang Byun, Chaeho Lee, Eun Ju Seoul Natl Univ Sch Biol Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conve Seoul 08826 South Korea Inha Univ Dept Ocean Sci Incheon 22212 South Korea Korea Inst Coastal Ecol Bucheon 14449 South Korea Andong Natl Univ Dept Biol Sci & Biotechnol Andong 36729 South Korea

Spartina anglica (hereafter Spartina) is an invasive perennial marsh grass shifting hydrodynamic regime and sediment characteristics in invaded area, thereby reducing macrobenthic diversity. There have been only a few studies focusing on the patch structure of Spartina according to size and its effects on macrofauna. A field experiment was conducted to identify effects of Spartina patches where they have been introduced no later than 5 years after invasion occurred on macrofauna assemblages in Ganghwa Island, South Korea. The survey area was divided into two sections according to vegetation: (1) Suaeda japonica vegetation from 0 to 60 m away from the levee, and (2) bare mudflat from 60 to 90 m away from the levee. The patch sizes of Spartina were categorized into small (1-4 m(2)), medium (5-11 m(2)), and large (13-40 m(2)) in area with four replicates for each section. The biomass ratio of the belowground and aboveground in the small size patch of Spartina was significantly higher than those in the medium and large size patch of Spartina. It indicated that more resource was allocated to rhizomes in small size patch with short invasion history (1 similar to 2 years). After Spartina invaded, macrofauna richness (70%), Shannon-Wiener diversity (80%), and density (67%) were decreased. However, infaunal deposit-feeding polychaete Perinereis linea and epifaunal gastropods Batillaria cumingi and Lactiforis takii increased by Spartina. Ordination of macroinvertebrate assemblages separated the habitat with Spartina invasion from the adjacent uninvaded tidal flat and Suaeda japonica habitats. This study offers a significant insight into early invasion strategies of an aggressive plant invader, Spartina for management of coastal wetlands and its impacts on macrofaunal assemblages.

关键词： Biomass allocation Macrobenthos communities Patch size Spartina Species diversity Tidal flat marsh

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Outdoor activity and walking for leisure in the COVID-19 era: their correlates and mutual relationship

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JOURNAL OF ASIAN architecture AND BUILDING ENGINEERING 2024年

作者： Bayarsaikhan, Tsolmon Kim, Moon-Hyun Gim, Tae-Hyoung Tommy Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Environm Planning Inst Grad Sch Environm Studies Integrated Major Reg Stu Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Inst Sustainable Dev Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Gwanak Ro 1Bldg 82Room 222 Seoul 08826 South Korea

The pandemic has changed daily urban life, including leisure activities and travel patterns. Although several studies have tracked changes in leisure and travel behavior due to the pandemic, few have analyzed the effects of COVID-19 preventive behavior by considering the interaction between activities and walking for leisure. This study aims to investigate the mutual relationship between outdoor activities and walking for leisure during the pandemic among 537 residents in the Seoul metropolitan area using a three-level least squares (3SLS) approach. The results demonstrate a bidirectional association between outdoor activities and walking during the pandemic. Individuals who avoided long-distance leisure travel increased their frequency of short-distance walking, and postponing or canceling social interactions led to more outdoor leisure activities. Notably, those who refrained from going out for leisure exhibited reduced outdoor activities but an increase in walking for leisure. These findings highlight the significance of considering the synergy between leisure activities and walking amid the pandemic. [GRAPHICS] .

关键词： Urban three-stage least squares outdoor activity walking for leisure preventive behavior COVID-19 pandemic

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Prediction of coastal flooding risk under climate change impacts in South Korea using machine learning algorithms

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ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2020年第9期15卷

作者： Park, Sang-Jin Lee, Dong-Kun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr & Life Sci 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul South Korea

Coastal areas have been affected by hazards such as floods and storms due to the impact of climate change. As coastal systems continue to become more socially and environmentally complex, the damage these hazards cause is expected to increase and intensify. To reduce such negative impacts, vulnerable coastal areas and their associated risks must be identified and assessed. In this study, we assessed the flooding risk to coastal areas of South Korea using multiple machine learning algorithms. We predicted coastal areas with high flooding risks, as this aspect has not been adequately addressed in previous studies. We forecasted hazards under different representative concentration pathway climate change scenarios and regional climate models while considering ratios of sea level rise. Based on the results, a risk probability map was developed using a probability ranging from 0 to 1, where higher values of probability indicate areas at higher risk of compound events such as high tides and heavy rainfall. The accuracy of the average receiver operating characteristic curves was 0.946 using a k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm. The predicted risk probability in 10 year increments from the 2030s to the 2080s showed that the risk probability for southern coastal areas is higher than those of the eastern and western coastal areas. From this study, we determined that a probabilistic approach to analyzing the future risk of coastal flooding would be effective to support decision-making for integrated coastal zone management.

关键词： coastal management risk analysis coastal vulnerability natural hazards climate change impacts machine learning regional climate models

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A multi-objective optimization approach to simultaneously halve water consumption, CH4, and N2O emissions while maintaining rice yield

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AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY 2024年 344卷

作者： Yan, Yulin Ryu, Youngryel Li, Bolun Dechant, Benjamin Zaheer, Sheir Afgen Kang, Minseok Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Agr & Forest Meteorol Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv Leipzig Germany Univ Leipzig Leipzig Germany Natl Ctr Agro Meteorol Seoul South Korea

Sustainable rice farming practices are urgently needed to meet increasing food demand, cope with water scarcity, and mitigate climate change. Traditional farming methods that prioritize a single objective, such as increasing crop yield, reducing irrigation water consumption, or minimizing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, have proven to be insufficient. Simultaneously optimizing multiple competing rice farming objectives remains less explored. The present study aimed to increase current rice yield, reduce irrigation water consumption, and tackle the dilemma to reduce GHG (CH4 and N2O) emissions at once. Using a heuristic and holistic method, we optimized farm management, focusing on irrigation regimes, sowing window, fertilization rate, tillage depth, and their interactions. We calibrated and validated the process-based DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model with 5 years of eddy covariance observations in a rice paddy site. The DNDC model was integrated with a Pareto-based non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-III) to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. Results show that current farm management practices have failed to achieve the potential yield and imposed high environmental costs in the form of water use (604-810 mm/yr) and GHG emissions (CH4: 186-220 kg C/ha/yr;N2O: 0.3-1.6 kg C/ha/yr). By contrast, our new approach suggested that the optimized management could maintain or even increase current crop yield to its potential (-10 t/ha), while reducing irrigation demand and GHG emissions by >50 %. Our results suggest that earlier sowing, combined with improved irrigation practices, may play a crucial role in maximizing crop yield and potentially providing environmental benefits. We found that the optimal proportion of non-flooded days was around 54 % of the growing season length, and the optimal stage for non-flooding days was the vegetative stage. Our approach could further be applied to evaluate the environmental sustainability of farming sys

关键词： Multi-objective optimization Rice yield Water consumption N2O CH4 emission

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