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Evaluating the efficiency of fog cooling for climate change adaptation in vulnerable groups: A case study of Daegu Metropolitan City

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BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2022年 217卷 1页

作者： Kim, Jaekyoung Kang, Junsuk Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea

This study quantitatively analyzed the effect of fog cooling on temperature reduction and conducted an optimization study on the layout for planning a fog cooling system in the Daegu Metropolitan City. First, the design and verification of a single fog cooling unit was identified through an indoor experiment. Second, the temperature reduction effect of the installed fog cooling system was measured based on a sensor and verified through a finite volume method (FVM)-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Third, a numerical analysis of the optimal fog cooling arrangement was designed and performed in the Indongchon area. The temperature reduction design manual and model equations, which can be used by decision-makers, were analyzed through numerical analysis. The measured temperature reduction and simulation values had a high accuracy of R-2 > 0.8. Based on the verified model, scenarios A-D were designed and analyzed according to the fog cooling arrangement. Scenario B, in which the fog cooling was arranged vertically to the wind direction, appeared to be the most efficient. In this case, the volume average temperature where fog cooling was installed could be reduced by up to 3.02 degrees C. It was also found that efficiency is higher when the fog cooling system is positioned at narrow intervals of <5 m than at wide intervals of >10 m, considering the wind direction. The results of this study can aid decision makers-including urban policymakers and planners-for estimating the potential extent of temperature reduction and increase in humidity by adopting fog cooling.

关键词： Daegu Metropolitan City Smart city Climate change adaptation Fog cooling Numerical analysis Design manual

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The corona blues according to daily life changes by COVID-19: A partial least squares regression model

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GROWTH AND CHANGE 2023年第2期54卷 386-403页

作者： Gim, Tae-Hyoung Tommy Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Gwanak Ro 1Bldg 82Room 222 Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Environm Planning Inst Gwanak Ro 1Bldg 82Room 222 Seoul 08826 South Korea

This study identifies determinants of the variation in depression resulting from COVID-19, specifies in detail the changes to daily life, and then compares the determinants' magnitude. The determinants were combined into three groups: first, the unpredictability of the disease and side effects by its response measures (specifically, restrictions on the freedom of movement and strain on social relationships);second, (mis)information through social media, public authorities, and mass media;and third, income reductions and other sociodemographic factors. Daily life changes were divided into four categories: travel/mobility, time at home (alone and with family), domestic activities (remote work, online shopping, food deliveries, reading, and online networking), and conflicts (with family and neighbors). We measured the total 29 predictors using data from the 2020 Seoul Survey, which is based on face-to-face interviews with a probability sample of adult residents. We made our estimations using partial least squares regression, which can analyze all original variables regardless of collinearity. The regression model found that major stressors include declines in out-of-home offline networking and the rise of domestic activities-and subsequent conflicts with family-restrictions on mobility (specifically, those of leisure travel), and income reductions. In contrast, changes to working and shopping (to remote work and online shopping) rather than leisure increased uses of private transportation modes. Moreover, we found influences of all forms of communications and media to be insignificant. We shall also provide a discussion on policy and academic implications of the findings.

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Development of hazard capacity factor design model for net-zero: Evaluation of the flood adaptation effects considering green-gray infrastructure interaction

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2023年 96卷

This study developed a quantitative flooding adaptation model, the Hazard Capacity Factor Design (HCFD) model, to evaluate flooding risk and the effects of green-gray infrastructure interactions under severe flooding events. Modern society suffers great damage from natural disasters;however, no disaster adaptation model exists that can be easily used by decision makers. Therefore, we developed a model for comprehensive diagnosis of disasters in Suwon City using three key methods. First, a flood adaptation model was developed considering the pipeline network and an optimized arrangement of infrastructure was designed. Second, the framework of the HCFD model and the concept of the safety factor were developed. Finally, interactions between gray and green infrastructure were analyzed. Model evaluation demonstrated that gray and green infrastructure could reduce flooding by 20.04% and 6.55%, respectively, under 400 mm rainfall. The interaction between the gray infrastructure and the green infrastructure had an additional flood reduction effect of about 7%. The primary findings of this study were to develop the HCFD model as well as evaluate the interaction effects between gray and green infrastructure. The HCFD model could also be used in any disaster adaptation using different parameters and disasters.

关键词： HCFD model Suwon smart city Disaster mitigation Interaction design Gray infrastructure Green infrastructure

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AI based temperature reduction effect model of fog cooling for human thermal comfort: Climate adaptation technology

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2023年 95卷

This study developed a gradient-boosted regression tree-based artificial intelligence (AI) model--temperature reduction effect AI model (TREAM)--to determine the temperature reduction effect of fog cooling that varies with weather conditions. According to the trend of global warming, our society is suffering from serious damage from urban heat islands, especially negatively affecting human health and thermal comfort. Therefore, it is very important to develop and evaluate adaptive technology for providing pleasant thermal comfort to humans. This study select fog cooling as adaptive technology for human thermal comfort, and indoor and outdoor simulation were performed using STAR CCM+, a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) program. Moreover, transient analysis to validate the outdoor model of CFD and parametric study to identify the correlation between the environmental factors and fog cooling were performed. When initial temperature set as 45 degrees C at a relative humidity of 90% and wind speed of 1 m/s, a temperature reduction of 8.92% can be obtained. Regardless of the temperature and humidity conditions, the temperature reduction effect of fog cooling was similar to 1% if the wind speed increased above 5 m/s. This study contributed to the quantitative analysis of the temperature reduction effect according to the change of environmental factors.

关键词： Daegu smart city TREAM (temperature reduction effect AI model) GBRT (gradient-boosted regression tree) Climate change scenario Fog Cooling Parametric Study

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Natural Reality:Connecting the Cinematic landscape Panorama to the Ideal Virtual landscape:Focused on the Seoyeon's House,from the Korean Movie "architecture 101"

Natural Reality:Connecting the Cinematic Landscape Panorama ...

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第17届中日韩风景园林学术研讨会

作者： Tae Kyung(James)Kwon Kyung-Jin Zoh Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture & Global Smart city engineering GSES Seoul National University Graduate School of Environment Studies Seoul National University

The landscape is the ideal picture and pursuit of ***,now,we're living in the very fatal unhealthy era of corona *** makes us very difficult to create a cultural space in public,although each nation pursuing dramatic changes in the short term to make people enjoy their daily life back with the beautiful landscape in their natural *** to IT technology,we could create many virtual reality worlds,and it has been recognized very well on many ***,Virtual landscape is the best substitute of the real landscape for an ideal life,but the limitation was the cost and time since it has needed many graphic artists and rendering time using the expensive GPU built in Graphic *** this study,using virtual reality technology,an attempt was made to put "Seoyeon's house" in Jeju Island from the beautiful cinematic panorama in the real world,the main stage of the famous Korean movie "architecture101",and the movie in a virtual *** an attempt to build a virtual cultural park with minimal cost and designers,and to install various sounds and images that are pursued in a cultural environment not by only considering the audience' eyes but also for their ears and emotional mind,breaking away from the existing planting at the site,exhibiting and displaying interior materials,***,the interaction was provided to users and various experiences were made in virtual *** want to call it "Natural Reality" against the term of "Virtual Reality".In particular,to minimize the existing 3 D modeling and graphics,which take a lot of time and cost,a high-definition 360 camera based on real world texture mapping was introduced,and by using images captured in the field,a higher real-time rendering speed and a sense of reality were given,and the optimal result was ***,through this study,by demonstrating the function as a digital theme park that conveys the vivid appearance of the scene by absorbing all the interior and landscape of the scene in the future mov

关键词： Virtual Reality Spatial culture planning Cinema mixed landscape architecture Natural Reality

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Prediction of Severe Drought Area Based on Random Forest: Using Satellite Image and Topography Data

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WATER 2019年第4期11卷 705页

作者： Park, Haekyung Kim, Kyungmin Lee, Dong Kun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Planning Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea

The uncertainty of drought forecasting based on past meteorological data is increasing because of climate change. However, agricultural droughts, associated with food resources and determined by soil moisture, must be predicted several months ahead for timely resource allocation. Accordingly, we designed a severe drought area prediction (SDAP) model for short-term drought without meteorological data. The predictions of our proposed SDAP model indicate a forecast of serious drought areas assuming non-rainfall, not a probability prediction of drought occurrence. Furthermore, this prediction provides more practical information to help with rapid water allocation during a real drought. The model structure using remote sensing data consists of two parts. First, the drought function f(x) from the training area by random forest (RF) learned the changes in the pattern of soil moisture index (SMI) from the past drought and the training performance was found to be root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.052, mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.039, R-2 = 0.91. Second, derived f(x) predicted the SMI of the study area, which is 20 times larger than the training area, of the same season of another year as RMSE = 0.382, MAE = 0.375, R-2 = 0.58. We also obtained the variable importance stemming from RF and discussed its meaning along with the advantages and limitations of the model, training areas selection, and prediction coverage.

关键词： agricultural drought prediction machine learning random forest soil moisture climate change mitigation Landsat-8

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Are decline-oriented strategies thermally sustainable in shrinking cities?

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URBAN CLIMATE 2021年 39卷 100924-100924页

作者： Jang, Gukhwa Kim, Saehoon Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Landscape Architecture Urban Design Concentrat Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea

Since the 20th century, shrinking cities have become a crucial subject in urban planning and public health literature. Given the growing concern about heat stress, a planning method for managing shrinking cities is increasingly linked with improvement of urban thermal comfort. The purpose of this study is to identify policy implications for developing so-called "decline-oriented strategies" that help to mitigate heat stress. The article assesses the effects of three strategies: 1) demolition strategy of abandoned houses, 2) demolition and greening the site strategy, and 3) small-scale urban renewal strategy. Using ENVI-met, we performed a comparative analysis of the differences in thermal comfort levels associated with each strategy. The results showed that the pre-post differences in thermal comfort were statistically significant for each strategy. Overall, the demolition strategy without greening elevated the surface temperature due to more extensive open areas without shade, forming a heat stress zone around vacant lots. The greening strategy partly offset the adverse effects of the demolition strategy by providing a thermally pleasant environment. Finally, the small-scale urban renewal strategy improved the thermal environment and provided a potential cooling zone, which pedestrians and residents could utilize.

关键词： Climate change Heat stress Outdoor thermal comfort Physiological equivalent temperature Smart shrinkage

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Quantifying outdoor cooling effects of vertical greening system on mean radiant temperature

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DEVELOPMENTS IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT 2023年 15卷

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Yun, Seok Hwan Lee, Dong Kun Kim, Na Youn Piao, Zheng Gang Kim, Sang Hyuck Park, Seunghwan Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Specialized Grad Sch Intelligent Ecosci Dept Landscape Architecture 4 Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Korea Inst Civil Engn & Bldg Technol Dept Bldg Energy Res Goyang 10223 South Korea

Energy flux of Vertical Greening System (VGS) is crucial for understanding of heat exchange processes by optimizing the cooling performance in outdoor thermal comfort, thereby mitigating heat stress through the transpiration. To understand the potential cooling effect of VGS, we quantify the Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) of VGS by analyzing radiation flux and evaluating cooling efficiency, defined as the ratio of the cooling effect provided by the VGS to the energy input necessary to achieve that effect to quantify the effectiveness of VGS. The VGS showed a decrease in net radiation by 120 W/ m2, resulting in a decline in MRT by 3.02 degrees C compared to the wall. Furthermore, we found that the cooling efficiency of transpiration in VGS was 7.38 times more effective than evaporation from soil without plants. These findings suggest that VGS has the potential to significantly reduce heat stress and serve as an efficient strategy in urban areas.

关键词： Outdoor thermal comfort Vertical greenery Cooling efficiency Radiation flux Transpiration

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Phenological Analysis of Sub-Alpine Forest on Jeju Island, South Korea, Using Data Fusion of Landsat and MODIS Products

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FORESTS 2021年第3期12卷 286页

作者： Park, Sang-Jin Jeong, Seung-Gyu Park, Yong Kim, Sang-Hyuk Lee, Dong-Kun Mo, Yong-Won Jang, Dong-Seok Park, Kyung-Min Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Natl Inst Biol Resources Biol Resources Res Dept 42 Hwangyeong Ro Incheon 22689 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Yeungnam Univ Coll Life & Appl Sci Dept Landscape Architecture 280 Daehak Ro Gyongsan 38511 South Korea

Climate change poses a disproportionate risk to alpine ecosystems. Effective monitoring of forest phenological responses to climate change is critical for predicting and managing threats to alpine populations. Remote sensing can be used to monitor forest communities in dynamic landscapes for responses to climate change at the species level. Spatiotemporal fusion technology using remote sensing images is an effective way of detecting gradual phenological changes over time and seasonal responses to climate change. The spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model (STARFM) is a widely used data fusion algorithm for Landsat and MODIS imagery. This study aims to identify forest phenological characteristics and changes at the species-community level by fusing spatiotemporal data from Landsat and MODIS imagery. We fused 18 images from March to November for 2000, 2010, and 2019. (The resulting STARFM-fused images exhibited accuracies of RMSE = 0.0402 and R-2 = 0.795. We found that the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) value increased with time, which suggests that increasing temperature due to climate change has affected the start of the growth season in the study region. From this study, we found that increasing temperature affects the phenology of these regions, and forest management strategies like monitoring phenology using remote sensing technique should evaluate the effects of climate change.

关键词： phenological analysis spatiotemporal data fusion Landsat MODIS Jeju Island NDVI climate change

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Development of a filter-based near-surface remote sensing system to retrieve far-red sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence

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REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2022年 283卷

作者： Kim, Jongmin Ryu, Youngryel Dechant, Benjamin Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv Leipzig Germany Univ Leipzig Leipzig Germany Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 151921 South Korea

Observations of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) by remote sensing have improved our understanding of the structural and physiological dynamics of vegetation. Substantial efforts have been made to measure SIF with ground-based sensing systems, but field observation data for various plant functional types are still sparse. This is partly due to the limited availability of commercial SIF measurement systems, the relatively high cost of hyperspectral spectroradiometers, and the difficulties of sensor calibration and maintenance in the field. We developed a filter-based smart near-surface remote sensing system for SIF (4S-SIF) to overcome the technical challenges of monitoring SIF in the field, which also decreased the sensor cost, thus enabling more compre-hensive spatial sampling. To retrieve SIF, we combined ultra-narrow bandpass filters (full width half maximum <1.3 nm) and photodiode detectors to observe electromagnetic radiation at specific wavelengths (757, 761, and 770 nm). We confirmed that the spectral and radiometric performance of the bandpass filters was satisfactory to retrieve SIF by comparing them to a high-spectral-resolution spectroradiometer that served as a reference. In particular, we confirmed that the digital numbers (DNs) from 4S-SIF exhibited linear relationships with the DN from the reference spectroradiometer in each band (R2 > 0.99). In addition, we developed equations to correct for temperature-induced changes in filter transmittance, such that SIF can be reliably extracted in outdoor en-vironments without the need to actively stabilize the temperature. Furthermore, we confirmed that the SIF signal from 4S-SIF had a strong linear relationship with the reference spectroradiometer-based SIF. Importantly, this relationship held even when the physiological mechanisms of the plant were altered by a herbicide treatment that induced substantial changes in the SIF signal (R2 = 0.85, relative RMSE = 0.22), which indicated that 4S-SIF could

关键词： Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence Photodiode Bandpass filters Spectroradiometer

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