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Smart landscaping design for sustainable net-zero energy smart cities: Modeling energy hub in digital twin

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS 2024年 65卷

作者： Liu, Huiyuan Zoh, Kyungjin Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Seoul 08826 South Korea

In our study, we introduce an innovative energy management system optimized for energy hubs in net-zero energy smart cities, emphasizing sustainability as a core objective. Our approach intricately integrates distributed generation systems and storage facilities within a digital twin framework, incorporating landscape considerations to promote environmental harmony. By prioritizing sustainability, our strategy aims to minimize operational costs while maximizing energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions. We employ specialized energy flow algorithms for each grid, designing energy hubs that leverage renewable resources and mobile storage to enhance sustainability. To address complexity, our model utilizes a non-convex mixed-integer nonlinear programming structure and robust adaptive optimization techniques, combining the Gray Wolf and Krill Herd algorithms. Through simulations, we demonstrate significant improvements in power system efficiency, including notable reductions in power loss, peak voltage fluctuations, and temperature variations. Our research underscores the critical role of smart landscaping in advancing sustainable energy management for netzero energy smart cities, facilitating seamless integration of energy hubs with the surrounding landscape within a digital twin paradigm.

关键词： Sustainability Energy hub system landscape design Energy management Digital twin

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Stakeholder Subjectives Toward Ecotourism Development using Q methodology: The Case of Maha Ecotourism Site in Pyeongchang, Korea

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ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH 2016年第8期21卷 931-951页

作者： Lee, Jae-hyuck Son, Yong-hoon Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea

Ecotourism needs ecological sensitivity and respect for the ecological culture of local residents. From this perspective, listening to the opinion of local residents, collaborating with the local residents in conjunction with an appropriate governance structure, is of prime importance in ecotourism. However, many ecotourism sites have numerous problems because of conflicts among stakeholders such as local government and local residents. This study investigates the conflicts and the stakeholders' subjectives in the case of Maha ecotourism site in Pyeongchang-gun, the site of the 2018 Winter Olympic games. Before the analysis, the conflicts seem to be caused by the different attitudes of government officials and local residents' representatives. From the analysis of subjectives, the difference in attitudes is caused by generation gaps. Young people show relatively uniform attitudes, where different occupation sectors exert little influence. It means that conflicts can be decreased if more opportunities for council participation are allowed. Young people have few consideration about ecology and tradition. The ecological and traditional lessons of the older generation are needed for young people. This study shows that conflicts between development and conservation are caused by the different attitudes represented in different generation, and hence plans for harmonizing different generation should be considered.

关键词： ecotourism conflict management Q methodology Pyeongchang

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Describing the spatial patterns of heat vulnerability from urban design perspectives

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND WORLD ECOLOGY 2015年第3期22卷 189-200页

作者： Kim, Saehoon Ryu, Youngryel Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Landscape Architecture Urban Design Concentr Seoul 151742 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 151742 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Coll Agr & Life Sci Seoul 151921 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Agr & Forest Meteorol Seoul 151921 South Korea

A large number of East Asian cities, like cities in other parts of the world, are being affected by extreme heatwaves. Yet, little is known about the general urban design characteristics of sites with significant heat vulnerability within the localized context. In this study, empirical data sets were constructed describing the biomedical, social, environmental, and place-based parameters associated with the location of heat-related emergency calls in Suwon, South Korea, between 2010 and 2014. The results showed that the distribution of heat vulnerability appeared to be highly clustered within a few places, although the area did not have a high proportion of socioeconomically vulnerable populations. Here, three urban design characteristics were described in association with the location of emergency calls: (1) high-rise building complexes built on a superblock gridiron layout with large open spaces in between, (2) low-rise, high-density residential districts with a fine-scaled street layout, and (3) hilly terrain parkland sites adjacent to a densely urbanized district. These general characteristics of the sites and their potential links to heat vulnerability were explained in terms easily understandable by urban design and planning professionals so that climatic knowledge can be more effectively integrated with urban form-making practices.

关键词： heatwave vulnerability sustainable development Korea urban design

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RETRACTED: Multi-objective planning of micro-grid system considering renewable energy and hydrogen storage systems with demand response

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年 114卷 354-354页

作者： J.R. Zhu Yihua Jin Weihong Zhu Dong-Kun Lee Navid Bohlooli Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul South Korea College of Agriculture Yanbian University JiLin China College of Geography and Ocean Sciences Yanbian University JiLin China Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Electrical Engineering Department Sun-Life Company Baku Azerbaijan

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Rockfall Hazard Analysis Based on the Concept of Functional Safety with Application to the Highway Network in South Korea

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ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING 2021年第12期54卷 6633-6647页

作者： Lee, Jongook Barbato, Michele Lee, Dong Kun Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Univ Calif Davis Dept Civil & Environm Engn Davis CA 95616 USA Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea

Numerous rockfall incidents involving infrastructure damage and loss of life have been reported along roads in mountainous terrain. Previous studies have used quantitative risk assessment approaches to identify the level of rockfall risk. However, appropriate quantitative indicators that are able to describe time-varying risk have not yet been developed. This study aims to develop a rockfall risk mitigation method based on reliability concepts, to classify rockfall data, to model the probability of rockfall occurrence, and to estimate the magnitude of risk reduction through mitigation measures. A synthetic measure of rockfall risk is proposed, which allows to compare directly and quantitatively the rockfall risk for different cut slopes under unmitigated and mitigated conditions. The proposed methodology can estimate the risk reduction obtained using mitigation measures, such as introducing protections barriers, their periodic maintenance, and horizontal coverage ratio. This methodology was applied to 20 years of rockfall data collected by the Korea Expressway Corporation from 1215 artificial cut slopes along the highway network in South Korea. The rockfall frequency was analyzed based on the inventory data, and a rockfall hazard mitigation strategy was demonstrated using the suggested methodology for the case study. It was shown that appropriate mitigation strategies, based on number of protection barriers, interval of periodic maintenance, and horizontal coverage ratio, can be devised to reduce the risk of different artificial slopes below a target failure probability. The approach shown in this study can provide insights into ways of improving overall risk management to prevent losses by rockfall.

关键词： Rockfall hazard Rockfall mitigation Risk management Time-varying risk Reliability

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Analysis of spatial distribution characteristics and driving factors of ethnicminority villages in China using geospatial technology and statistical models

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第8期21卷 2770-2789页

作者： SHAO Dandan ZOH Kyungjin Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Graduate School of Environmental StudiesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Graduate School of Environmental Studies Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

This study aims to reveal the spatial structural characteristics of 1,652 Ethnic-Minority Villages(EMV)in China and to analyze the mechanisms driving their spatial *** are a special type of settlement space that preserve a large number of historical traces of the ethnic culture of ancient *** are important carriers of China’s excellent traditional culture and are key to the implementation of rural revitalization *** this study,1652 EMV in China were selected as the research *** Nearest Neighbor Index,kernel density,and spatial autocorrelation index were employed to reveal the spatial structural characteristics of minority *** network models,spatial lag models,and geographical detectors were used to analyze the formation mechanism of spatial heterogeneity in *** results indicate that:(1)EMV exhibit significant spatial differentiation characterized by“single-core with multiple surrounding sub-centers,”“polarization between east and west,”“decreasing quantity from southwest to east coast to northeast to northwest,”and“large dispersion with small agglomeration.”(2)EMV are mainly distributed in areas rich in intangible cultural heritage,with high vegetation coverage and low altitude,far from central cities,and having limited arable land and an underdeveloped economy and transportation,particularly in shaded or riverbank areas.(3)Distance from the nearest river(X3),distance from central cities(X8),national intangible cultural heritage(X9),and NDVI(X10)were the main driving factors affecting the spatial distribution of EMV,whereas elevation(X1)and GDP(X5)had the weakest *** EMV are a relatively unique territorial spatial unit,the identification of their spatial heterogeneity characteristics not only deepens the research content of settlement geography,but also involves the assessment,protection,and development of Minority Villages,which is of great significance for the inheritance and utilization of excellent

关键词： Ethnic-Minority Villages Spatial structure Settlement geography Neural network model Spatial econometric model GeoDetector

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Meso- or micro-scale? Environmental factors influencing pedestrian satisfaction

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TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT 2014年第Jul.期30卷 10-20页

作者： Kim, Saehoon Park, Sungjin Lee, Jae Seung Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Landscape Architecture Urban Design concentr Seoul 151742 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 151742 South Korea Hongik Univ Dept Urban Design & Planning Seoul 121791 South Korea

Despite interest in walking and its environmental, health, and social benefits, little research has investigated pedestrian satisfaction, and its potential influence on walking decisions. The present study examines the relationships between pedestrian satisfaction, and a variety of built environment factors, in order to gain insight into urban design strategies that can improve pedestrian satisfaction. We analyzed a pedestrian survey, carried out in Seoul, Korea, which includes questions about personal characteristics, micro-scale environmental attributes, and the level of pedestrian satisfaction, together with Seoul GIS data, which provided meso-scale environmental variables. The multilevel models estimated the effects of environmental factors on the level of satisfaction of utilitarian and recreational walkers. The analysis identified significant effects of both meso-scale (e.g. density, intersection density, hilliness, and the presence of bus stops), and micro-scale (e.g. sidewalk width, and the presence of bus dedicated lanes, crossings, lamps, and trees) variables on pedestrian satisfaction. The results calls on researchers to investigate a comprehensive set of psychological and environmental factors, in order to understand the various aspects of pedestrian satisfaction, and the diverse motivations behind it, as well as on planners, to adopt diverse design approaches that will produce more satisfactory pedestrian environments. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pedestrian satisfaction Meso-scale environmental attributes Micro-scale environmental attributes Multilevel modeling

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Exploring Google Street View with deep learning for crop type mapping

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ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING 2021年 171卷 278-296页

作者： Yan, Yulin Ryu, Youngryel Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Agr & Forest Meteorol Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 151921 South Korea

Ground reference data are an essential prerequisite for supervised crop mapping. The lack of a low-cost and efficient ground referencing method results in pervasively limited reference data and hinders crop classification. In this study, we apply a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to explore the efficacy of automatic ground truthing via Google Street View (GSV) images in two distinct farming regions: Illinois and the Central Valley in California. We demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of our new ground referencing technique by performing pixel-based crop mapping at the state level using the cloud-based Google Earth Engine platform. The mapping results are evaluated using the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) crop data layer (CDL) products. From similar to 130,000 GSV images, the CNN model identified similar to 9,400 target crop images. These images are well classified into crop types, including alfalfa, almond, corn, cotton, grape, rice, soybean, and pistachio. The overall GSV image classification accuracy is 92% for the Central Valley and 97% for Illinois. Subsequently, we shifted the image geographical coordinates 2-3 times in a certain direction to produce 31,829 crop reference points: 17,358 in Illinois, and 14,471 in the Central Valley. Evaluation of the mapping results with CDL products revealed satisfactory coherence. GSV-derived mapping results capture the general pattern of crop type distributions for 2011-2019. The overall agreement between CDL products and our mapping results is indicated by R-2 values of 0.44-0.99 for the Central Valley and 0.81-0.98 for Illinois. To show the applicational value of the proposed method in other countries, we further mapped rice paddy (2014-2018) in South Korea which yielded fairly well outcomes (R-2 = 0.91). These results indicate that GSV images used with a deep learning model offer an efficient and cost-effective alternative method for ground referencing, in many regions of the world.

关键词： Crop type mapping Deep learning Google Earth Engine Google Street View Ground referencing

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Sky view factor calculation in complex urban geometry with terrestrial LiDAR

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PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 2021年第4期42卷 374-394页

作者： Heo, Han Kyul Lee, Dong Kun Park, Chae Yeon Kim, Ho Gul Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Cheongju Univ Dept Human Environm Design Major Landscape Urban Planning Cheongju South Korea

The sky view factor (SVF) is a key indicator in urban structures and is used in research in various fields. Recently, a method was developed to compute SVF in complex urban areas using airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR). However, it displays low accuracy in areas with trees and buildings, owing to the limited resolution of airborne LiDAR data. In this study, the accuracy of the SVF calculation using terrestrial LiDAR was verified by comparing the reference data calculated from fisheye photographs at the same positions. Our results indicate that the SVF derived using terrestrial LiDAR has higher accuracy. We also tested whether a higher accuracy could be obtained by increasing the spatial resolution of the LiDAR data. The SVF estimation is more accurate when using terrestrial LiDAR, displaying a 60% reduction in the maximum error compared with the SVF estimated using airborne LiDAR. In addition, according to this research, a voxel size of 2.5 cm is sufficient for estimating SVF in a complex urban area. This resolution can be achieved through mobile LiDAR. Therefore, it is anticipated that the SVF calculation technique used in this study will be more practical when used with mobile LiDAR.

关键词： Urban structure voxel 3D Point Cloud tree effect sensitivity analysis

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Mapping riparian habitat using a combination of remote-sensing techniques

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING 2016年第5期37卷 1069-1088页

作者： Jeong, Seung Gyu Mo, Yongwon Kim, Ho Gul Park, Chong Hwa Lee, Dong Kun Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea

Light detection and ranging (lidar) and object-oriented classification (OOC) can be used to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional pixel-based classification (PBC) of coarse spatial resolution data, such as Landsat data, for habitat mapping in riparian zones. The purposes of this study were to investigate methods to classify multispectral data and lidar for riparian habitat mapping, and to identify major habitat components for two target species. The mapping of riparian habitat based on OOC and Decision Tree Classification (DTC) was carried out by merging vertical data from lidar and spectral data of high-resolution imagery. Our results showed an overall classification accuracy of 88.2%. In particular, small and continuous habitat types, such as short and tall grasses, rock outcrop and gravel, and riffles, improved the classification accuracy compared with the pixel-based methods. The habitat patches and paths for each target species were identified by incorporating the point data from the field survey and the outcomes of image classification. Our study demonstrated that the proposed methodology can be successfully used for the identification and restoration of fragmented riparian habitats, and can offer an opportunity to obtain high classification accuracies for micro-habitat components in dynamic riverine areas.

关键词： Biological surveys Classification Habitat improvement Ecological distribution Microhabitats Mapping Habitat LIDAR Methodology Lidar applications Remote sensing LANDSAT Remote Sensing Habitats Gravel Grasses Trees Aquatic Habitats Riffles

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