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Optimizing urban green spaces using a decision-support model for carbon sequestration and ecological connectivity

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2025年 384卷 125058页

作者： Hwang, Hyemee Kim, Daseul Kim, Sanghyuck Kim, Ji Yeon Kim, Eun Sub Yang, Tackang Lee, Nagyeom Piao, Yong Park, Byeong Jin Lee, Dong Kun Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr & Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci 1 Gwanak ro Seoul 08826 South Korea SK Forest Restructuring team Seoul South Korea City Univ Hong Kong Sch Energy & Environm Low Carbon & Climate Impact Res Ctr Hong Kong Peoples R China Yanbian Univ Coll Geog & Ocean Sci Hunchun 133300 Peoples R China

Urban green spaces (UGSs) are vital for enhancing urban ecological health and resident well-being. However, their diverse functions need to be balanced based on spatial limitations and varying stakeholder preferences. Integrated planning approaches are needed to exploit the multiple benefits of UGSs. This study introduces a multi-objective decision-support model designed to optimize UGS planning by simultaneously addressing carbon sequestration, ecological connectivity, and cost constraints. The model incorporates the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II to identify Pareto-optimal solutions for tailored decision-making strategies that balance different priorities. The model indicated that ecological connectivity can be improved by 7.57 % while meeting carbon-reduction and budgetary targets. The model effectively balanced trade-offs, underscoring the importance of both the quantity and strategic placement of green space. This decision-support framework empowers decision-makers to rapidly simulate and validate optimal scenarios, effectively balance competing objectives, and provide a scientific basis through verifiable feedback, ultimately promoting the development of sustainable urban environments.

关键词： Decision-making Urban green space Ecological network Carbon sink potential NSGA-II

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A multi-objective optimization approach to simultaneously halve water consumption, CH4, and N2O emissions while maintaining rice yield

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AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY 2024年 344卷

作者： Yan, Yulin Ryu, Youngryel Li, Bolun Dechant, Benjamin Zaheer, Sheir Afgen Kang, Minseok Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Agr & Forest Meteorol Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv Leipzig Germany Univ Leipzig Leipzig Germany Natl Ctr Agro Meteorol Seoul South Korea

Sustainable rice farming practices are urgently needed to meet increasing food demand, cope with water scarcity, and mitigate climate change. Traditional farming methods that prioritize a single objective, such as increasing crop yield, reducing irrigation water consumption, or minimizing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, have proven to be insufficient. Simultaneously optimizing multiple competing rice farming objectives remains less explored. The present study aimed to increase current rice yield, reduce irrigation water consumption, and tackle the dilemma to reduce GHG (CH4 and N2O) emissions at once. Using a heuristic and holistic method, we optimized farm management, focusing on irrigation regimes, sowing window, fertilization rate, tillage depth, and their interactions. We calibrated and validated the process-based DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model with 5 years of eddy covariance observations in a rice paddy site. The DNDC model was integrated with a Pareto-based non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-III) to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. Results show that current farm management practices have failed to achieve the potential yield and imposed high environmental costs in the form of water use (604-810 mm/yr) and GHG emissions (CH4: 186-220 kg C/ha/yr;N2O: 0.3-1.6 kg C/ha/yr). By contrast, our new approach suggested that the optimized management could maintain or even increase current crop yield to its potential (-10 t/ha), while reducing irrigation demand and GHG emissions by >50 %. Our results suggest that earlier sowing, combined with improved irrigation practices, may play a crucial role in maximizing crop yield and potentially providing environmental benefits. We found that the optimal proportion of non-flooded days was around 54 % of the growing season length, and the optimal stage for non-flooding days was the vegetative stage. Our approach could further be applied to evaluate the environmental sustainability of farming sys

关键词： Multi-objective optimization Rice yield Water consumption N2O CH4 emission

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Who remained happy despite the pandemic?: the impact of changed life situations and mobility and perceptions and attitudes toward the altered lifestyle during COVID-19

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JOURNAL OF ASIAN architecture AND BUILDING ENGINEERING 2025年第2期24卷 985-999页

作者： Park, Yunmi Gim, Tae-Hyoung Tommy Seoul Natl Univ Inst Construct & Environm Engieering Dept Civil & Environm Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Grad Sch Environm Studies Integrated Major Reg Studies & Spatial Analyt Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Environm Planning Inst Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies 222 Bldg 82Gwanak Ro 1 Seoul 08826 South Korea

This study explored the determinants of happiness during the COVID-19 pandemic by emphasizing a broad range of factors, including individual (i.e. socio-demographic status, life situations, attitudinal and perceptual characteristics) and policy restrictions. In particular, the study delved into the impact of changes in life situations and mobility, as well as perceptions and attitudes toward the altered lifestyle during COVID-19, on happiness. By analyzing data with 75 items from a U.S. nationwide survey in 2020, this study found that socio-demographic factors played a significant role in increasing happiness specifically when income increased and individuals transitioned from unemployment to employment or sustained employment during the pandemic. Happiness was also significantly reduced by COVID-19 altered attitudinal and perceptual changes such as restricted social interactions and activities, perception of infection risk, avoidance of online alternatives, perceived infection risk from close relationships, and a preference for compactness. Individuals who were users of public transportation before COVID-19 reported lower levels of happiness during the pandemic. This comprehensive exploration underscores the multifaceted nature of happiness during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the intertwined roles of socio-demographic factors, changes in life circumstances, and attitudes and perceptions to new life style.

关键词： COVID-19 happiness attitudes perception life changes PLS-SEM

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The effects of the local and regional conditions and inequalities on urban shrinkage: a multilevel analysis focusing on local population decline

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URBAN RESEARCH & PRACTICE 2023年第3期16卷 438-457页

作者： Jeong, Jindo Gim, Tae-Hyoung Tommy Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Planning Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Environm Planning Inst Seoul South Korea

Urban shrinkage is becoming a worldwide issue. However, empirical investigation still lacks an understanding of the spatial extent of the factors that drive local population decline, a prevalent aspect of urban shrinkage. Empirical evidence on multilevel factors relating to population decline is particularly scarce. We investigated the influences by analyzing economic, social, physical, and policy conditions at the local and regional levels. Regional conditions, as well as local conditions, are also related to the decline of the local population. The effect goes beyond economic and demographic conditions;conditions such as the local infrastructure level and development policy also significantly influence.

关键词： Urban shrinkage population decline multilevel factors regional inequalities hierarchical linear modeling

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Sequential action-based dynamic decision-support model for urban ecological planning

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2024年 101卷

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Yun, Seok Hwan Kim, Ji Yeon Thorne, James H. Hyun, Jung Hee Lee, Dong Kun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Pro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Specialized Grad Sch Intelligent Ecosci Dept Landscape Architecture 4 Seoul 08826 South Korea SK forest Smart Green Solut Team Seoul 03161 South Korea Univ Calif Davis Dept Environm Sci & Policy One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 USA Int Inst Appl Syst Anal Syst Risk & Resilience Res Grp Adv Syst Anal Laxenburg Austria Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea

Decision-makers often encounter the challenge of efficient long-term ecological planning to consider economic and environmental trade-offs. This challenge becomes particularly complex while addressing dynamic ecological responses to ongoing urban development. Thus, we developed a sequential action-based dynamic decision -making model to simulate sequential action mitigation measures over time, while considering the dynamic ecological responses that emerge with urban development. We used a multi-objective optimization algorithm to identify optimal plans that maximize landscape connectivity and edge density, while minimizing the imple-mentation costs per action. We focused on utilizing ecological corridors and habitat creation as mitigation measures from 1980s to 2010s. The results show that the initial low-investment strategy adopted in 1980s and sequential planning led to significantly improved ecological benefits beyond the 2000s when compared to the single-action planning approach implemented in 2010s. In contrast, an initial high-cost investment in the 1980s gradual declined the ecological benefits starting from 1995. We have demonstrated that adopting sequential planning provides valuable insights into effective urban ecological planning, especially when analyzing time -series data. This sequential approach enables decision-makers to make informed choices, thereby ultimately facilitating sustainable urban and regional planning.

关键词： Decision-making Ecological resilience NSGA-II Restoration Sequential planning Sustainable development

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Citizen-science data identifies the daily movement patterns and habitat associations of a nocturnal urban-invading bird species (Corvus frugilegus)

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URBAN ECOSYSTEMS 2024年第5期27卷 1407-1416页

作者： Yun, Jiweon Shin, Wonhyeop Kim, Jihwan Thorne, James H. Song, Youngkeun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Kyushu Univ Inst Asian & Oceania Studies Kyushu Japan Univ Calif Los Angeles Dept Environm Sci & Policy Los Angeles CA USA Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Design Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea

Rooks (Corvus frugilegus) are an invasive bird species in South Korea that are deemed harmful due to nocturnal urban invasions and agricultural damage. Employing citizen science data, we document the daily movement patterns and habitat associations of nocturnal urban-invading rooks in Suwon, South Korea. We collected 4,522 geolocated observations from December 2021 to March 2022, categorized by the timings of sunrise and sunset and segmented into 3-h intervals. Using the MaxENT (Maximum Entropy Model) and k-fold cross-validation (k = 10) with a 25% random test sample, we analyzed daily movement patterns and habitat preferences. Our results show that rooks forage in agricultural areas shortly after sunrise and roost in urban environments after sunset. Urban roosts tend to occur in areas near buildings of medium height (6-20 stories) that are illuminated by artificial light and contain utility poles. The variables with the highest percent contribution to rooks' presence after sunset were buildings of medium height (20.7%), land use type (19.4%), elevation (29%), and utility pole (14.5%). Our findings emphasize the potential of citizen science initiatives to generate insights into the ecology of invasive bird species within large urban environments.

关键词： Artificial light Avian monitoring Rook invasion Species distribution model (SDM) Urban ecosystem Utility poles

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Super resolution of historic Landsat imagery using a dual generative adversarial network (GAN) model with CubeSat constellation imagery for spatially enhanced long-term vegetation monitoring

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ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING 2023年第1期200卷 1-23页

作者： Kong, Juwon Ryu, Youngryel Jeong, Sungchan Zhong, Zilong Choi, Wonseok Kim, Jongmin Lee, Kyungdo Lim, Joongbin Jang, Keunchang Chun, Junghwa Kim, Kyoung-Min Houborg, Rasmus Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea Univ Virginia Dept Environm Sci Charlottesville VA USA Rural Dev Adm Natl Inst Agr Sci Jeonju South Korea Natl Inst Forest Sci Forest ICT Res Ctr Seoul South Korea Planet Labs PBC San Francisco CA USA

Detailed spatial representations of terrestrial vegetation are essential for precision agricultural applications and the monitoring of land cover changes in heterogeneous landscapes. The advent of satellite-based remote sensing has facilitated daily observations of the Earth's surface with high spatial resolution. In particular, a data fusion product such as Planet Fusion has realized the delivery of daily, gap-free surface reflectance data with 3-m pixel resolution through full utilization of relatively recent (i.e., 2018-) CubeSat constellation data. However, the spatial resolution of past satellite sensors (i.e., 30-60 m for Landsat) has restricted the detailed spatial analysis of past changes in vegetation. In order to overcome the spatial resolution constraint of Landsat data for long-term vegetation monitoring, we propose a dual remote-sensing super-resolution generative adversarial network (dual RSS-GAN) approach combining Planet Fusion and Landsat 8 data to simulate spatially enhanced long-term timeseries of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and near-infrared reflectance from vegetation (NIRv). We evaluated the performance of the dual RSS-GAN against in situ tower-based continuous measurements (up to 8 years) and remotely piloted aerial system-based maps of cropland and deciduous forest in the Republic of Korea. The dual RSS-GAN enhanced spatial representations in Landsat 8 images and captured seasonal variation in vegetation indices (R2 > 0.90, for the dual RSS-GAN maps vs in situ data from all sites). Overall, the dual RSSGAN reduced Landsat 8 vegetation index underestimations compared with in situ measurements;relative bias values of NDVI ranged from - 5.8 % to 0.3 % and - 12.4 % to - 3.7 % for the dual RSS-GAN and Landsat 8, respectively. This improvement was caused by spatial enhancement through the dual RSS-GAN, which reflects fine-scale information from Planet Fusion. Finally, the dual RSS-GAN maps showed both spatial enhancement and r

关键词： CubeSat Deep learning Generative adversarial network Landsat Super -resolution Vegetation index

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Can urban shrinkage contribute to mitigating surface air temperature warming?

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2024年 114卷

作者： Ma, Fengdi Yoon, Heeyeun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr Life Sci Coll Agr & Life Sci Integrated Major Smart City Gl Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea

In recent years, urban areas are increasingly experiencing intense warming. Although urbanization is an important driver of warming in urban environments, it remains unclear whether depopulation trends in shrinking cities mitigate this warming effect. Here, we explored the relationship between shrinking cities and observed warming in China. Of the 356 Chinese cities, 95 were identified as shrinking between 2000 and 2010. We categorized 2419 observation stations into three groups-rural, shrinking, and non-shrinking-and generated a surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly series for each group from 1961 to 2014. Temperature differences between the shrinking and non-shrinking urban stations were investigated. Using segmented generalized least squares regression, the spatiotemporal temperature patterns across the mean (Tmean), maximum (Tmax), and minimum temperatures (Tmin), diurnal temperature range (DTR) indicators, and across seasons-spring, summer, autumn, and winter-were explored. Results revealed a cooling effect in shrinking cities, with decadal decreases of 0.042 degrees C (-0.078 to -0.005 degrees C), 0.083 degrees C (-0.126 to -0.039 degrees C), and 0.029 degrees C (-0.062 to -0.005 degrees C) in regional Tmean, Tmax, and Tmin anomalies, respectively. Moreover, pronounced seasonality was identified in this phenomenon-the cooling effect was most notable for Tmean in spring and Tmax in autumn, less significant in summer, and negligible in winter. These results suggested that the population decline in shrinking cities could alleviate regional warming, having implications that could influence urban planning and climate mitigation policies.

关键词： Shrinking cities Temperature anomalies Regional warming Climate mitigation policies

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Improvement of the solar radiation prediction accuracy of a light environment simulation according to the positioning of an interpolation application during the process

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JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING 2023年 75卷

作者： Lee, Sewon Lee, Kyung Sun Lee, Jae Seung Lee, Ho Young Kim, Sun Hoo Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 151921 South Korea Hongik Univ Sch Architecture Seoul 04066 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Integrated Major Sma Seoul 08826 South Korea Ten Eleven INC R&D Ctr Seoul 03925 South Korea

Light environment is directly related to energy reduction and improving health and quality of life, and interest in it continues to increase. Therefore, in light-environment design, simulation tools are used to predict and evaluate the light environment early in the planning stage of a project. Consequently, scientific simulations are most effective from the early stages of sustainable design. However, choosing which simulation tools to use can be challenging, and the entry barriers to their use can be high;some tools are also more difficult to use. In addition, if there is no weather data available for the area to be analyzed, data from a nearby location is often used instead, which reduces the accuracy of the solar radiation prediction in the simulation. Therefore, this study aimed to reduce the difficulty in using environmental prediction simulation tools by applying adjusted Kriging. This study also attempted to determine where the interpolation method could be best applied in the solar radiation simulation process to produce better prediction results. The experimental results showed that the simulation values were more accurate when calculating the solar radiation by generating sky patches with the original typical meteorological year (TMY) data than by generating them with the interpolated TMY data. This interpolation position and method can increase a simulation's accuracy by creating new weather data in areas where no solar radiation data are available. BUILDIT, as a simulation tool for sustainable urban or building design solutions, applied these techniques, which helped the performance of sustainable designs in the early stages of projects.

关键词： Light environment Light simulator Simulator accuracy verification Interpolation Kriging Solar radiation Weather data

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Using buffer analysis to determine urban park cooling intensity: Five estimation methods for Nanjing, China

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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023年第1期868卷 161463页

作者： Xiao, Yi Piao, Yong Pan, Chao Lee, Dongkun Zhao, Bing Nanjing Forestry Univ Coll Landscape Architecture Nanjing 210037 Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture & Seoul 08826 South Korea Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Econ & Management Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Nanjing Forestry Univ Dept Landscape Architecture 159 Longpan Rd Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

Urban parks are part of the blue-green infrastructure of urban ecosystems. Although the cooling effect of urban parks has been widely recognized, the understanding of park cooling intensity (PCI) and its mechanisms remains incomplete. Applicable and accurate quantification could facilitate better design and management of urban parks. We used five methods (equal area method [EAM], equal radius method [ERM], fixed radius method [FRM], turning point method-maximum perspective [TPM-M], and turning point method-accumulation perspective [TPM-A]) to estimate PCI, and established the method selection mechanism, which we evaluated in terms of PCI amplitudes, spatial heterogeneity, and interactions with park landscape features. Using Nanjing as a case study, we employed spatial and statistical analyses to further assess the autocorrelation of PCI and its relationship with park landscape features. The results indicate the following: (1) 62.38 % of Nanjing's urban parks are located above the 90 % confidence level in cold spot areas. (2) Different methods had significant effects on the estimated PCI, were positively correlated, and had similar spatial heterogeneity. (3) All methods revealed that park area (PA), water area proportion (WAP), and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the vegetated area (NDVIveg) were the three dominant factors that influenced PCI;WAP and NDVIveg that achieved more effective cooling. (4) The quantification of PCI using the ERM and TPM is recommended over other methods. These findings are essential for landscape planners to understand the formation of PCI and design cooler parks to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect more systematically.

关键词： Urban parks Cooling intensity Buffer analysis landscape features Remote sensing

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