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The Seventeenth-century Transition of Seoul's Spatial Structure to Functional Pragmatism

JOURNAL OF ASIAN architecture AND BUILDING ENGINEERING 2015年第2期14卷 419-426页

作者： Kwon, Youngsang Jeon, Bonghee Kim, Saehoon Seoul Natl Univ Urban Design Dept Civil & Environm Engn Integrated Res Inst Construct & Environm Engn Seoul 151742 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Architecture & Architectural Engn Seoul 151742 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Urban Studies & DesignDept Landscape Architectur Seoul 151742 South Korea

This paper explores the functional pragmatism embedded in the transformation of feudal Seoul's urban structure. Using historic maps drawn between 1751 and 1914 and an analytical method of space syntax, the paper documents changes in the distribution of major administrative buildings and streets in Seoul ("Hanseongbu") during the Joseon Dynasty. The results indicate that administrative buildings such as palaces, royal villas, economic authority buildings, and military headquarters were relocated along major commercial corridors such as Jongro and Namdaemunro Boulevard during the period. Based on a geographical information analysis, Jongro showed the highest street integration value over time, followed by the southwestern part of the city, because of the overlap between commercial boulevards and administrative buildings. The results suggest that the principle of urban design in which government districts were separated from commercial areas was incrementally abandoned during the late Joseon Dynasty. This functional merging was encoded into the shaping of contemporary Seoul instead of following the old Chinese regulation of urban-form making.

关键词： urban history Seoul space syntax urban design

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Punctual Urbanisms: Rapid Planning Responses to Urban Problems

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JOURNAL OF PLANNING LITERATURE 2021年第4期36卷 467-491页

作者： Landgrave-Serrano, Monica Stoker, Philip Crisman, Jonathan Jae-an Univ Arizona Arid Lands Resource Sci Grad Interdisciplinary Program Tucson AZ 85721 USA Univ Arizona Planning & Landscape Architecture Sch Landscape Architecture & Planning Tucson AZ USA Univ Arizona Coll Humanities Publ & Appl Humanities Tucson AZ USA

Traditional urban planning projects require considerable time, political buy-in, and capital. Conversely, small-scale urban interventions can be executed quickly and inexpensively. However, the terms used to describe these projects-such as tactical, pop-up, temporary, or insurgent urbanism-are numerous and overlapping, making them hard to distinguish from each other. We suggest that a single unifying term, punctual urbanism, can capture these different urbanisms. To justify this choice, we provide definitions and examples, as well as an overarching framework for understanding these urbanisms on the basis of two dimensions: who is implementing them and what is their temporal scale.

关键词： urban interventions tactical urbanism planning strategies short-term projects citizen public participation

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Participatory Framework for Urban Pluvial Flood Modeling in the Digital Twin Era

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2024年 108卷

作者： Park, Samuel Kim, Jaekyoung Kim, Yejin Kang, Junsuk Seoul Natl Univ Res Ctr Reg Climate Crisis Response Seoul 08826 South Korea Purdue Univ Lyles Sch Civil Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Landscape Architecture & Transdisciplinary Progra Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea

The recent advancement in digital twin technology, which creates virtual replicas of real-world processes, offers an interactive testbed for understanding and predicting environmental changes. As pluvial flood damage escalates globally in urban areas, there remains a gap in understanding the most effective collaboration between governments and local residents for sustainable flood risk management. To address this gap, we develop a participatory framework for urban pluvial flood modeling, incorporating open source software, virtual reality, minimum viable product, and gamification components. This framework engages citizens in every phase of the participatory modeling process, from input data preparation, through hydrological model construction, to model verification, and experiments. We present a case study on the recurring pluvial flood damages in South Korea's Gangnam region, demonstrating the practical implications of an interactive, web-based crowdsourcing platform to leverage community engagement and local knowledge. The results underscore the evidence of a proactive role for citizens, not merely as recipients of disaster information but as key contributors collaborating with a range of stakeholders in stormwater management and modeling. Combining digital twin technology with citizen participation can empower informed decision-making and collective actions in the evolving digital era, leading to a disaster-resilient community.

关键词： Citizen participation Crowdsourcing platform Digitalization Rapid flood spreading model (RFSM) 3D inundation mapping Volunteered geographic information (VGI)

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Forest fire susceptibility assessment using google earth engine in Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea

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GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK 2022年第1期13卷 432-450页

作者： Piao, Yong Lee, Dongkun Park, Sangjin Kim, Ho Gul Jin, Yihua Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr Life Sci Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture & Transdisciplinary Progra Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea Cheongju Univ Dept Human Environm Design Cheongju Rep Congo Yanbian Univ Coll Agr Dept Landscape Architecture Yanji Peoples R China

Forest fires are one of the most frequently occurring natural hazards, causing substantial economic loss and destruction of forest cover. As the Gangwon-do region in Korea has abundant forest resources and ecological diversity as Korea's largest forest area, spatial data on forest fire susceptibility of the region are urgently required. In this study, a forest fire susceptibility map (FFSM) of Gangwon-do was constructed using Google Earth Engine (GEE) and three machine learning algorithms: Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Random Forest (RF), and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT). The factors related to climate, topography, hydrology, and human activity were constructed. To verify the accuracy, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used. The AUC values were 0.846 (BRT), 0.835 (RF), 0.751 (CART). Factor importance analysis was performed to identify the important factors of the occurrence of forest fires in Gangwon-do. The results show that the most important factor in the Gangwon-do region is slope. A slope of approximately 17 degrees (moderately steep) has a considerable impact on the occurrence of forest fires. Human activity and interference are the other important factors that affect forest fires. The established FFSM can support future efforts on forest resource protection and environmental management planning in Gangwon-do.

关键词： Natural hazard Wildfire Google earth engine remote sensing machine learning

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Assessment of the vulnerability of industrial parks to flood in South Korea

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NATURAL HAZARDS 2016年第2期82卷 811-825页

作者： Ryu, JiEun Lee, Dong Kun Park, Chan Ahn, Yoonjung Lee, Seehyung Choi, Kwanglim Jung, TaeYong Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Univ Seoul Dept Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Korea Environm Inst Seoul South Korea Korea Chamber Commerce & Ind Business Inst Sustainable Dev Seoul South Korea Yonsei Univ Grad Sch Int Studies Seoul 120749 South Korea

Since recently, the potential of torrential downpour is increased and the flood damage shows increasing trend, in this study, the method to assess the flood vulnerability was established for the industrial parks, which is the driving power of the economic growth in Korea, and the results were analyzed. The vulnerability of each industrial parks was analyzed using three indicators: climate exposure, sensitivity and the adaptation ability, and the indicator value was calculated by selecting the proxy variable by each indicator. Among the primarily indicators, the final indicators were selected through the site investigation and in-depth interview. The vulnerability assessment was performed not only for the present but for the future (2020s, 2050s and 2100s). In the analysis results, Ulsan Mipo National Industrial Park was the most vulnerable for the present but in 2020s, Gwangyang National Industrial Park and Myeongji-Noksan National Industrial Park in 2050s and 2100s were assessed as most vulnerable. In the results of flooding vulnerability assessment, south coast industrial parks are the most vulnerable region during baseline and future. In addition, such industrial parks mostly built in the early phase of industrialization and they have advantage in import and export but were represented to be highly vulnerable due to aged infrastructures. In the industrial parks, as the enterprises are concentrated, it is easy to exchange the information and logistics, but the damage of natural disasters due to flooding can be aggravated due to the characteristics of the concentration. Actually, there are some cases that the industrial parks and the enterprises received the flooing damage in the highly vulnerable area by the torrential downpour. In this study, the vulnerability assessment was performed for the flooding damage by the torrential downpour for the industrial parks and the potential that the this study can be used as a useful decision-making tool in deciding the priori

关键词： Climate change Flooding Vulnerability assessment Adaptation Climate exposure Heavy rain Industrial parks

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A multilayer mean radiant temperature model for pedestrians in a street canyon with trees

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BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2018年 141卷 298-309页

作者： Park, Chae Yeon Lee, Dong Kun Krayenhoff, E. Scott Heo, Han Kyul Ahn, Saekyul Asawa, Takashi Murakami, Akinobu Kim, Ho Gul Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Univ Guelph Sch Environm Sci Guelph ON Canada Tokyo Inst Technol Sch Environm & Soc Dept Architecture & Bldg Engn Tokyo Japan Univ Tsukuba Grad Sch Syst & Informat Engn Dept Policy & Planning Sci Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Cheongju Univ Landscape Urban Planning Dept Human Environm Desi Cheongju South Korea

We introduce a multilayer model to estimate mean radiant temperature (MRT) and evaluate the pedestrian thermal comfort in a street canyon. This multilayer MRT model (MMRT) is suitable for urban streets with varying building and tree heights. The model simulates shortwave and longwave radiation exchange for each urban element and area-weighted view factors, then finally obtains MRT of pedestrians on the sidewalk. Probability density profiles of buildings and trees enable the consideration of urban vertical heterogeneity. Furthermore, Monte Carlo ray tracing (MCRT) allows the model to evaluate the radiation transfer in complex urban areas. We verify the effectiveness of MCRT and the probabilistic density profile approach. A sensitivity test conducted in Seoul on September 1, 2017 using the MMRT reveals that MRT can be reduced by 23 degrees C as the tree leaf area density increases from 0 to 1, and by 18 degrees C as the tree height increases from 0 m to 12 m in 1300 LST. The model controls urban form and pavement parameters as well as tree parameters. We aim to use this model to compare diverse MRT mitigation strategies and confirm the best strategy for thermal-friendly street design.

关键词： Urban heat island Urban canopy model Radiation transfer Cooling effect Shading effect Urban vegetation

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Zonal classification of microclimates and their relationship with landscape design parameters in an urban park

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landscape AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2019年第3期15卷 265-276页

作者： Li, Yingnan Song, Youngkeun Cho, Donggil Han, Zhen Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea NEXUS Environm Design Ctr Seoul 16006 South Korea Jiangsu Univ Sch Arts Dept Environm Design Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Microclimates in urban areas arise through the interaction between prevailing weather conditions and landscape design parameters. A well-arranged landscape creates a pleasant outdoor environment. Additionally, theclassification of microclimates helps to illustrate variations therein and analyze influencing factors. This study classified microclimate zones (MZs) based on a statistical method and identified influential landscape design parameters with the aim of enhancing human comfort. We conducted our study at Yeouido Park in Seoul, Korea, which has various landscape design parameters, including tree canopy cover and ground surface type. A novel MZ classification method was developed in this study, then stepwise regression was used to analyze the relationship between microclimate and landscape design parameters. It was found that the MZ classification effectivelydemonstrated spatial microclimatic differences and characteristics on a park scale. The efficiency with which trees improved the microclimate depended on the ground surface type. However, the significant effects of landscape design parameters on the microclimate and human comfort differed by season and time of day. This study provides a statistical method for analyzing an urban microclimate and serves as a reference regarding how to effectively modify the meteorological environment on a microscale via landscape design, in both summer and winter urban outdoor spaces.

关键词： Microclimate zone classification Numerical modeling ENVI-met Microclimate variation

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Predicting the Potential Distribution of an Invasive Species, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), under Climate Change using Species Distribution Models

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ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018年第6期48卷 505-513页

作者： Sung, Sunyong Kwon, Yong-Su Lee, Dong Kun Cho, Youngho Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Natl Inst Ecol Bur Ecol Survey Assessment Seocheon South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Natl Inst Ecol Bur Ecol Survey Assessment Environm Impact Assessment Team Seocheon 33657 South Korea

The red imported fire ant is considered one of the most notorious invasive species because of its adverse impact on both humans and ecosystems. Public concern regarding red imported fire ants has been increasing, as they have been found seven times in South Korea. Even if red imported fire ants are not yet colonized in South Korea, a proper quarantine plan is necessary to prevent their widespread distribution. As a basis for quarantine planning, we modeled the potential distribution of the red imported fire ant under current climate conditions using six different species distribution models (SDMs) and then selected the random forest (RF) model for modeling the potential distribution under climate change. We acquired occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and bioclimatic data from WorldClim. We modeled at the global scale to project the potential distribution under the current climate and then applied models at the local scale to project the potential distribution of the red imported fire ant under climate change. Modeled results successfully represent the current distribution of red imported fire ants. The potential distribution area for red imported fire ants increased to include major harbors and airports in South Korea under the climate change scenario (RCP 8.5). Thus, we are able to provide a potential distribution of red imported fire ant that is necessary to establish a proper quarantine plan for their management to minimize adverse impacts of climate change.

关键词： Invasive species Quarantine plan Red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Species distribution models

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A Multi-Layer Model for Transpiration of Urban Trees Considering Vertical Structure

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FORESTS 2020年第11期11卷 1164-1164页

作者： Yun, Seok Hwan Park, Chae Yeon Kim, Eun Sub Lee, Dong Kun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Natl Inst Environm Studies Ctr Social & Environm Syst Res Tsukuba Ibaraki 3050053 Japan Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul 08826 South Korea

As the intensity of the urban heat island effect increases, the cooling effect of urban trees has become important. Urban trees cool surfaces during the day via shading, increasing albedo and transpiration. Many studies are being conducted to calculate the transpiration rate;however, most approaches are not suitable for urban trees and oversimplify plant physiological processes. We propose a multi-layer model for the transpiration of urban trees, accounting for plant physiological processes and considering the vertical structure of trees and buildings. It has been expanded from an urban canopy model to accurately simulate the photosynthetically active radiation and leaf surface temperature. To evaluate how tree and surrounding building conditions affect transpiration, we simulated the transpiration of trees in different scenarios such as building height (i.e., 1H, 2H and 3H, H = 12 m), tree location (i.e., south tree and north tree in a E-W street), and vertical leaf area density (LAD) (i.e., constant density, high density with few layers, high density in middle layers, and high density in lower layers). The transpiration rate was estimated to be more sensitive to the building height and tree location than the LAD distribution. Transpiration-efficient trees differed depending on the surrounding condition and plant location. This model is a useful tool that provides guidelines on the planting of thermo-efficient trees depending on the structure or environment of the city.

关键词： urban heat island urban street tree transpiration multi-layer model urban canopy model cooling effect

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First report of cucumber mosaic virus infecting Bidens frondosa (devil's beggarticks) in Korea

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JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023年第4期105卷 1739-1740页

作者： Min, Gyeong-Geun Park, Tae-Seon Park, Ji-Soo Min, Dong-Joo Song, Eun-Gyeong Ryu, Ki-Hyun Hong, Jin-Sung Kangwon Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Smart Agr Chunchon 24341 South Korea Seoul Womens Univ Dept Hort Biotechnol & Landscape Architecture Plant Virus GenBank Seoul South Korea

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