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Optimization of Geofoam Shape for Earth Pressure Reduction on Debris Flow Barriers

SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION engineering 2024年第4期61卷 308-316页

作者： Kim, Jaekyoung Lee, Jihoon Kang, Junsuk Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ Dept Environm Landscape Architecture Kangnung South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul South Korea

A debris flow barrier is a structure used to prevent erosion caused by debris flow, and is typically installed in countries with mountainous areas, such as Korea. However, owing to earth pressure, several debris flow barriers become damaged. Geofoam is a reinforcement material widely used in the design of debris flow barriers, not only in dams/retaining walls but also in bridges and landscaping. The purpose of this study was to examine the lateral earth pressure reduction effect of geofoam on debris flow barriers, and to find an optimized geofoam shape that satisfies specific conditions. In this study, the debris flow barrier, backfill, geofoam, and foundation were modeled using ABAQUS, a two-dimensional finite element method program. Models A-C were simulated and compared at backfill lengths of 10, 20, and 40 m. The debris flow barrier model was used at a mountain slope of 25 degrees. To determine the geofoam shape and analyze the stability coefficients for sliding and overturning, ten diverse scenarios were considered. According to the results, Scenario 10, with a reversed triangle shape of geofoam, was the most effective in all cases, which reduces the earth pressure significantly. In the case of Model C, a reversed triangle geofoam reinforcement reduces the lateral earth pressure on the backside of the structure by an average of 34.43%.

关键词： ABAQUS

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Impact of green infrastructure on PM10 in port-adjacent residential complexes: A finite volume method-based computational fluid dynamics study

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2024年 115卷

作者： Baek, Seunghun Kim, Jaekyoung Kang, Junsuk Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul 08826 South Korea Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ Deparment Environm Landscape Architecture Kangnung 25457 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea

This study examines the effects of PM10 reduction by introducing green infrastructure (GI) in residential areas adjacent to ports, where significant pollutant emissions from ships are prevalent. Using finite volume method (FVM)-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, we evaluated 30 scenarios based on various GI types and spacings and validated these simulations using observational data. The assessed GI types included trees and shrubs (hedges). Planting configurations were categorized into single (T for trees, H for hedges) and mixed (TH for both trees and hedges) plantings, with one or two rows and spacings of trees from 6 m to 14 m at 2 m intervals. We also considered both aerodynamic and depositional effects as mechanisms for PM10 reduction by GI. Our results revealed the following: 1) Plant spacing significantly influenced PM10 reduction, with both excessively narrow and wide spacings being suboptimal. (2) Trees proved to be more effective, whereas combining them with shrubs offers limited advantages. 3) Among the shrubs, the adsorption effect was more influential on PM10 reduction than the aerodynamic effects. These insights are not limited to port regions but also offer foundational knowledge for enhancing urban air quality, setting the groundwork for subsequent studies.

关键词： Green Infrastructure Port-adjacent air quality Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) PM10

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Finite element-based spatial distribution model for slope stability during earthquakes

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EARTHQUAKES AND STRUCTURES 2025年第2期28卷 149-159页

作者： Yi, Zheongzun Kang, Junsuk Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Urban Design Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul 08826 South Korea

The recent increase in earthquakes in Korea, including those in Kyeong-Ju and Pohang, has caused significant damage and landslides in surrounding areas. This study investigated earthquake-induced landslides to identify ways to reduce the risk of damage caused by slope instability. Landslide risk was assessed through finite element analysis of the slope factor of safety using topographic and geological data of the Pohang region combined with actual earthquake observations. A path was established to evaluate the slope stability and hazards at the end of the slope. The results of this study were compared with the landslide hazard map and showed good agreement, validating the accuracy of the model. In addition, the analysis of different paths provided quantitative and precise information about slope boundaries. Landslide hazards increase under earthquake conditions. Obtaining a quantitative factor of safety provides valuable information for designing slopes and adjacent areas.

关键词： earthquakes finite element modeling landslides seismicity slopes-stabilization

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Complex spatiotemporal changes in land-use and ecosystem services in the Jeju Island UNESCO heritage and biosphere site (Republic of Korea)

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ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION 2022年第4期49卷 272-279页

作者： Kim, Jihwan Choi, Heejoon Shin, Wonhyeop Yun, Jiweon Song, Youngkeun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdiscipiinary Program Smart City Global Conve Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea

Jeju Island, designated by UNESCO as a world heritage site, continues to face the anthropogenic pressures of reckless development for regional tourism and economic revitalization purposes. Because land use/land cover (LULC) affects ecosystem services and human well-being, it is crucial to comprehensively identify the causes of changes in LULC based on long-term analyses. This study examined LULC changes on Jeju Island over 47 years from 1973 to 2019 and quantified changes in four ecosystem services: habitat quality, carbon stock, water yield and cumulative viewshed. From 1973 to 1998, forest land increased from 22% to 56%, but these restoration efforts were conducted in grassland, reducing that land type from 42% to 17%. This process increased the areas of highest habitat quality from 68% to 73%, and carbon stock increased from 20 to 30 million tonnes. Between 1998 and 2009, the area of cropland more than doubled from 21% to 44%. As a result, the areas of highest habitat quality decreased from 73% to 49%, and carbon stock decreased from 3.0 million tonnes to 2.3 million tonnes. Our analysis could help stakeholders and policymakers to develop their management planning and improve ecosystem services through restoration and conservation policies on Jeju Island.

关键词： ecosystem management forest restoration InVEST model land-cover change

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Unveiling differential impacts of multidimensional urban morphology on heat island effect across local climate zones: Interpretable CatBoost-SHAP machine learning model

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BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2025年 270卷

作者： Liu, Qiqi Hang, Tian Wu, Yunfei Nanjing Forestry Univ Dept Landscape Architecture Nanjing Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Design Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul 08826 South Korea Nanjing Forestry Univ Dept Art & Design Nanjing Peoples R China

Classifying local climate zones (LCZ) improves the understanding of how urban morphology affects the urban heat island (UHI) effect. However, differences in driving mechanisms across various LCZ types are often overlooked, leading to a lack of targeted UHI mitigation measures for different LCZ types. In this study, we took Shenzhen as a case study and employed a novel interpretable CatBoost-SHAP machine learning model to evaluate the contributions of multidimensional urban morphology factors to the UHI effect across various LCZ types. We found that the driving mechanisms in different LCZ types have both commonalities and differences. For all LCZ types, the blue-green space ratio (BGSR), digital elevation model (DEM), albedo (AL), and mean building height (MBH) consistently exhibited significant negative impacts on the UHI effect, whereas space crowding degree (SCD) showed a positive impact. Although some factors such as sky view factor (SVF), building shape index (BSI), and surface unfolding ratio (SUR) also contributed to the UHI effect, the positive and negative correlations are reversed across different LCZ types. Additionally, factors such as green view index (GVI) and patch density (PD) had a greater influence on land cover types compared to built types. These findings reveal the complex interactions between urban morphology and the UHI effect, underscoring the necessity of investigating the driving mechanisms across various LCZ types. Our study can provide valuable insights for urban planners and policy- makers to develop targeted mitigation strategies for specific LCZ types, thereby effectively alleviating the UHI effect.

关键词： Urban heat island effect Multidimensional urban morphology Local climate zone Category Boosting SHapley additive exPlanations Interpretable machine learning

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Mitigating urban heat island effects through leadership in energy and environmental design evaluation and blue-green infrastructure: Applying the hazard capacity factor design model for urban thermal resilience

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2025年 124卷

作者： Kim, Jaekyoung Lee, Gunwon Park, Samuel Kang, Junsuk Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ Dept Environm Landscape Architecture Kangnung 25457 South Korea Korea Univ Dept Architecture Seoul 02841 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Ctr Reg Climate Crisis Response Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea

This study aimed to evaluate urban heat island (UHI) mitigation strategies by applying the Hazard Capacity Factor Design (HCFD) model, which was initially developed for urban flooding, to assess the effectiveness of blue-green infrastructure in enhancing urban resilience to extreme heat. UHIs exacerbate the impacts of climate change, particularly in densely populated areas with limited green spaces. This study utilized computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations along with sensor data from Seongdong-gu, Seoul, to evaluate climate adaptation strategies, including cooling fog and green infrastructure, both individually and in combination. The results indicate that the HCFD model can effectively assess urban thermal resilience, with R2 values exceeding 0.9 for all monitoring points. The combination of cooling fog and green infrastructure showed significant interaction effects, with a conservative interaction effect of approximately 3.97 degrees C cooling at a wind speed of 1 m/s. These findings underscore the potential of the HCFD model to inform data-driven urban planning and improve climate adaptation strategies, thereby contributing to the development of resilient urban environments. Future research should explore the broader applicability of the HCFD model to other urban climate risks and assess the long-term impacts of integrated adaptation measures.

关键词： HCFD model Urban heat islands (UHIs) Disaster mitigation Interaction design smart infrastructure Green infrastructure

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Land use characteristics affect the sub-basinal scale urban fish community identified by environmental DNA metabarcoding

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landscape AND ECOLOGICAL engineering 2024年第2期20卷 163-185页

作者： Kang, Yujin Shin, Wonhyeop Kim, Yonghwan Song, Youngkeun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Design Seoul 08826 South Korea

The heterogeneity of urban landscapes has effects on the environmental characteristics and fish composition of individual urban streams, even within a single water system. It is, therefore, imperative to assess the influence of physiochemical properties on urban streams by analyzing the spatial distribution of fish communities at the local scale. However, conventional fish surveys encounter time and labor constraints when selecting and surveying dense sampling points under 2 km in stream networks. In this study, environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding was used as an innovative survey methodology to identify the effects of land use and stream order on fish composition and tolerance guild in an urban area. The eDNA sampling was conducted in 31 sites of the Anyang stream network in Korea, including part of the stream undergoing ecological restoration. The eDNA survey detected 12 of 17 species (70.6%) that appeared in the historical data, and 12 of 18 species (66.7%) identified in a conventional field survey with kick nets and casting nets. The proportions of urban area, forest and grassland were positively correlated with abundance (p < 0.05) and richness (p < 0.05) in multiple regression analyses, while the proportion of agricultural area showed a negative correlation (p < 0.05). For abundance, richness, and diversity within the fish community from first- to third-order streams, there was a significant decrease in sensitive species (p < 0.05) alongside a significant increase in tolerant species (p < 0.01) across all three indices. The results of this study highlight variations in fish composition across sites within the local scale of the urban stream network, underscoring the need for detailed monitoring to understand the ecological function of urban streams.

关键词： Environmental DNA Metabarcoding Freshwater ecosystem Restoration stream Fish community structure

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Evaluation of spatial and temporal variability in Sentinel-2 surface reflectance on a rice paddy landscape

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AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY 2025年 363卷

作者： Choi, Wonseok Ryu, Youngryel Kong, Juwon Jeong, Sungchan Lee, Kyungdo Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Yale Univ Yale Sch Environm New Haven CT 06511 USA Natl Inst Agr Sci Rural Dev Adm Busan South Korea

High spatial resolution spaceborne remote sensing systems provide a new data source for agricultural applications. As a key deliverable, surface reflectance (SR) enables immediate and non-destructive estimation of crop status, thus the demand for reliable pixelwise SR is increasing. However, the evaluations are typically conducted on pseudo-invariant areas and the reliability of pixelwise SR has not been thoroughly examined over heterogenous, dynamic surfaces. In this study, we evaluated pixelwise Sentinel-2 (S2) SR on a rice paddy landscape across seasons using drone-based hyperspectral images and tower-based continuous hyperspectral observations as the ground references. We also examined the impact of spatial and atmospheric properties on S2 SR. Overall, S2 SR showed strong linear relationships with the ground references (the overall R2 > 0.8). The residual errors were influenced by sub-pixel geolocation errors (0.01-0.017 (2.1-11.8 %)), a widen PSF (0.007 (7.6 %) for red) and underestimated AOT retrievals (0.027 (40.7 %) for blue). Notably, atmospheric adjacency effects broadened the PSF, causing the consistency of S2 with the ground reference image to depend on the landscape's heterogeneity. Our findings outlined the key factors contributing to uncertainties in S2 SR, which could affect downstream products like vegetation indices and leaf area index. Considering these factors would enhance remote sensing of landscapes with high contrast in reflectance and elevated aerosol loadings, such as urban, savanna, wetland and dry agricultural land.

关键词： Aerosol Drone Point spread function Sentinel-2 Surface reflectance

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Participatory Framework for Urban Pluvial Flood Modeling in the Digital Twin Era

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2024年 108卷

作者： Park, Samuel Kim, Jaekyoung Kim, Yejin Kang, Junsuk Seoul Natl Univ Res Ctr Reg Climate Crisis Response Seoul 08826 South Korea Purdue Univ Lyles Sch Civil Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Landscape Architecture & Transdisciplinary Progra Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea

The recent advancement in digital twin technology, which creates virtual replicas of real-world processes, offers an interactive testbed for understanding and predicting environmental changes. As pluvial flood damage escalates globally in urban areas, there remains a gap in understanding the most effective collaboration between governments and local residents for sustainable flood risk management. To address this gap, we develop a participatory framework for urban pluvial flood modeling, incorporating open source software, virtual reality, minimum viable product, and gamification components. This framework engages citizens in every phase of the participatory modeling process, from input data preparation, through hydrological model construction, to model verification, and experiments. We present a case study on the recurring pluvial flood damages in South Korea's Gangnam region, demonstrating the practical implications of an interactive, web-based crowdsourcing platform to leverage community engagement and local knowledge. The results underscore the evidence of a proactive role for citizens, not merely as recipients of disaster information but as key contributors collaborating with a range of stakeholders in stormwater management and modeling. Combining digital twin technology with citizen participation can empower informed decision-making and collective actions in the evolving digital era, leading to a disaster-resilient community.

关键词： Citizen participation Crowdsourcing platform Digitalization Rapid flood spreading model (RFSM) 3D inundation mapping Volunteered geographic information (VGI)

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Assessment of Temperate Deciduous Forest Communities and Structures after Restoration through the Multi-Reference Ecosystems Framework

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FORESTS 2024年第4期15卷 597-597页

作者： Won, Suyeon Song, Youngkeun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul 08826 South Korea

The reference forest serves as a model for forest ecosystem restoration and can be employed to assess the vegetation of the Restored Forest, thereby confirming the success of restoration. When evaluating restoration, employing multireference forests is advantageous for discerning gradual changes in Restored Forests. However, in previous studies, their utilization has been limited to comparisons with individual ecosystems. Therefore, this study investigates the status of Restored Forests in previously damaged areas and their resemblance to reference forests across four forest types, namely Climax Forest (CF), Secondary Forest (SF), Restored Forest (RF), and Planted Forest (PF). Reference forests, serving as model targets for restoration, include CF and SF, while RF and PF represent the restoration forests. Six target sites within two temperate deciduous forests (Quercus acutissima and Quercus variabilis) were selected, and a comparative analysis of species diversity, dominance, and evenness was conducted. This study revealed that the dominant species in the top canopy of restoration forests mirrored those in reference forests, with Q. variabilis and Q. acutissima being prevalent. A similarity index of over 60% and a high correlation of 0.987 were observed in the top canopy layer between the reference and restored ecosystems (CF-RF/SF-PF). These findings enhance our understanding of the current status of Restored Forests and advocate for the utilization of multiple reference forests for successful restoration efforts.

关键词： canopy layers ecological similarity urban forest restoration successions reference sites

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