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Finite element-based spatial distribution model for slope stability during earthquakes

EARTHQUAKES AND STRUCTURES 2025年第2期28卷 149-159页

作者： Yi, Zheongzun Kang, Junsuk Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Urban Design Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul 08826 South Korea

The recent increase in earthquakes in Korea, including those in Kyeong-Ju and Pohang, has caused significant damage and landslides in surrounding areas. This study investigated earthquake-induced landslides to identify ways to reduce the risk of damage caused by slope instability. Landslide risk was assessed through finite element analysis of the slope factor of safety using topographic and geological data of the Pohang region combined with actual earthquake observations. A path was established to evaluate the slope stability and hazards at the end of the slope. The results of this study were compared with the landslide hazard map and showed good agreement, validating the accuracy of the model. In addition, the analysis of different paths provided quantitative and precise information about slope boundaries. Landslide hazards increase under earthquake conditions. Obtaining a quantitative factor of safety provides valuable information for designing slopes and adjacent areas.

关键词： earthquakes finite element modeling landslides seismicity slopes-stabilization

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Unveiling differential impacts of multidimensional urban morphology on heat island effect across local climate zones: Interpretable CatBoost-SHAP machine learning model

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BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2025年 270卷

作者： Liu, Qiqi Hang, Tian Wu, Yunfei Nanjing Forestry Univ Dept Landscape Architecture Nanjing Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Design Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul 08826 South Korea Nanjing Forestry Univ Dept Art & Design Nanjing Peoples R China

Classifying local climate zones (LCZ) improves the understanding of how urban morphology affects the urban heat island (UHI) effect. However, differences in driving mechanisms across various LCZ types are often overlooked, leading to a lack of targeted UHI mitigation measures for different LCZ types. In this study, we took Shenzhen as a case study and employed a novel interpretable CatBoost-SHAP machine learning model to evaluate the contributions of multidimensional urban morphology factors to the UHI effect across various LCZ types. We found that the driving mechanisms in different LCZ types have both commonalities and differences. For all LCZ types, the blue-green space ratio (BGSR), digital elevation model (DEM), albedo (AL), and mean building height (MBH) consistently exhibited significant negative impacts on the UHI effect, whereas space crowding degree (SCD) showed a positive impact. Although some factors such as sky view factor (SVF), building shape index (BSI), and surface unfolding ratio (SUR) also contributed to the UHI effect, the positive and negative correlations are reversed across different LCZ types. Additionally, factors such as green view index (GVI) and patch density (PD) had a greater influence on land cover types compared to built types. These findings reveal the complex interactions between urban morphology and the UHI effect, underscoring the necessity of investigating the driving mechanisms across various LCZ types. Our study can provide valuable insights for urban planners and policy- makers to develop targeted mitigation strategies for specific LCZ types, thereby effectively alleviating the UHI effect.

关键词： Urban heat island effect Multidimensional urban morphology Local climate zone Category Boosting SHapley additive exPlanations Interpretable machine learning

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Mitigating urban heat island effects through leadership in energy and environmental design evaluation and blue-green infrastructure: Applying the hazard capacity factor design model for urban thermal resilience

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2025年 124卷

作者： Kim, Jaekyoung Lee, Gunwon Park, Samuel Kang, Junsuk Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ Dept Environm Landscape Architecture Kangnung 25457 South Korea Korea Univ Dept Architecture Seoul 02841 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Ctr Reg Climate Crisis Response Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea

This study aimed to evaluate urban heat island (UHI) mitigation strategies by applying the Hazard Capacity Factor Design (HCFD) model, which was initially developed for urban flooding, to assess the effectiveness of blue-green infrastructure in enhancing urban resilience to extreme heat. UHIs exacerbate the impacts of climate change, particularly in densely populated areas with limited green spaces. This study utilized computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations along with sensor data from Seongdong-gu, Seoul, to evaluate climate adaptation strategies, including cooling fog and green infrastructure, both individually and in combination. The results indicate that the HCFD model can effectively assess urban thermal resilience, with R2 values exceeding 0.9 for all monitoring points. The combination of cooling fog and green infrastructure showed significant interaction effects, with a conservative interaction effect of approximately 3.97 degrees C cooling at a wind speed of 1 m/s. These findings underscore the potential of the HCFD model to inform data-driven urban planning and improve climate adaptation strategies, thereby contributing to the development of resilient urban environments. Future research should explore the broader applicability of the HCFD model to other urban climate risks and assess the long-term impacts of integrated adaptation measures.

关键词： HCFD model Urban heat islands (UHIs) Disaster mitigation Interaction design smart infrastructure Green infrastructure

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Evaluation of spatial and temporal variability in Sentinel-2 surface reflectance on a rice paddy landscape

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AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY 2025年 363卷

作者： Choi, Wonseok Ryu, Youngryel Kong, Juwon Jeong, Sungchan Lee, Kyungdo Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Yale Univ Yale Sch Environm New Haven CT 06511 USA Natl Inst Agr Sci Rural Dev Adm Busan South Korea

High spatial resolution spaceborne remote sensing systems provide a new data source for agricultural applications. As a key deliverable, surface reflectance (SR) enables immediate and non-destructive estimation of crop status, thus the demand for reliable pixelwise SR is increasing. However, the evaluations are typically conducted on pseudo-invariant areas and the reliability of pixelwise SR has not been thoroughly examined over heterogenous, dynamic surfaces. In this study, we evaluated pixelwise Sentinel-2 (S2) SR on a rice paddy landscape across seasons using drone-based hyperspectral images and tower-based continuous hyperspectral observations as the ground references. We also examined the impact of spatial and atmospheric properties on S2 SR. Overall, S2 SR showed strong linear relationships with the ground references (the overall R2 > 0.8). The residual errors were influenced by sub-pixel geolocation errors (0.01-0.017 (2.1-11.8 %)), a widen PSF (0.007 (7.6 %) for red) and underestimated AOT retrievals (0.027 (40.7 %) for blue). Notably, atmospheric adjacency effects broadened the PSF, causing the consistency of S2 with the ground reference image to depend on the landscape's heterogeneity. Our findings outlined the key factors contributing to uncertainties in S2 SR, which could affect downstream products like vegetation indices and leaf area index. Considering these factors would enhance remote sensing of landscapes with high contrast in reflectance and elevated aerosol loadings, such as urban, savanna, wetland and dry agricultural land.

关键词： Aerosol Drone Point spread function Sentinel-2 Surface reflectance

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A long-term reconstruction of a global photosynthesis proxy over 1982-2023

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SCIENTIFIC DATA 2025年第1期12卷 1-16页

作者： Fang, Jianing Lian, Xu Ryu, Youngryel Jeong, Sungchan Jiang, Chongya Gentine, Pierre Columbia Univ Dept Earth & Environm Engn New York NY 10027 USA Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Agr Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Univ Illinois Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci Urbana IL USA

Satellite-observed solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is a powerful proxy for the photosynthetic characteristics of terrestrial ecosystems. Direct SIF observations are primarily limited to the recent decade, impeding their application in detecting long-term dynamics of ecosystem function. In this study, we leverage two surface reflectance bands available both from Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR, 1982-2023) and MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, 2001-2023). Importantly, we calibrate and orbit-correct the AVHRR bands against their MODIS counterparts during their overlapping period. Using the long-term bias-corrected reflectance data from AVHRR and MODIS, a neural network is trained to produce a Long-term Continuous SIF-informed Photosynthesis Proxy (LCSPP) by emulating Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 SIF, mapping it globally over the 1982-2023 period. Compared with previous SIF-informed photosynthesis proxies, LCSPP has similar skill but can be advantageously extended to the AVHRR period. Further comparison with three widely used vegetation indices (NDVI, kNDVI, NIRv) shows a higher or comparable correlation of LCSPP with satellite SIF and site-level GPP estimates across vegetation types, ensuring a greater capacity for representing long-term photosynthetic activity.

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The impact of mega shopping complexes on the survival of nearby local businesses: A case study of the seoul metropolitan area, South Korea

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HABITAT INTERNATIONAL 2025年 155卷

作者： Kang, Mingu Yoon, Heeyeun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr & Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci 1 Gwanak ro Seoul 08826 South Korea

This study examines the impact of mega shopping complexes (MSCs) on the survival of adjacent businesses in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), South Korea, from 2008 to 2023. Using mixed-effects Cox models, we analyzed three prevalent industrial sectors in commercial districts: food service, beauty, and recreation businesses. We found that MSC affects local businesses differently, depending on the services they offer. In food service businesses, only pubs face the risk of business failure due to the entry of MSC. Conversely, general restaurants, cafes, and beauty businesses showed no significant statistical impact. Recreation businesses are divided into two types based on the similarity of their services to those offered by MSC. After MSC entry, close proximity to the MSC yields a negative effect on establishments offering similar services, while benefiting those offering distinct services. This finding suggests that policies should focus more on enhancing the competitiveness of local businesses to effectively utilize the increased visibility rather than solely limiting the spillover effect of the MSC.

关键词： Mega shopping complex Local business survival Mixed-effects Cox model Seoul Metropolitan area

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Modeling supports the implementation of urban greening as a response to the challenges of sustainable spatial planning

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Journal of Environmental Management 2025年 386卷 125648页

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Hyun, Jung Hee Kim, Na Yeon Heo, Su Jeong Kim, Da Seul Lee, Dong Kun Low-Carbon and Climate Impact Research Centre School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Ave Hong Kong Kowloon Tong China Systemic Risk and Resilience Research Group Advancing Systems Analysis International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Austria Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Forest Disaster & Environment Department National Institute of Forest Science Seoul Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science 4 Dept. of Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Urban greening is critical for sustainable urban development, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation. However, the effectiveness of urban greening varies depending on the specific goals (e.g., enhancing biodiversity, reducing urban heat, or both) and their spatial implementation. To address the spatial variability in the effectiveness of greening, we propose a spatial decision support model based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). This model aims to optimize urban greening locations to maximize biomass density, mitigate urban heat stress, and improve landscape connectivity. Applied to Suwon city, South Korea, the model's effectiveness was evaluated against a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario across four scenarios: connectivity-based, biomass density-based, heat stress-based, and an integrated-based scenario. The integrated approach, balancing trade-offs between ecological benefits and implementation costs, outperformed the BAU scenario by 8.84 %. Despite highlighting a weaker correlation with heat stress mitigation, this outcome indicates significant improvements in biomass density and landscape connectivity. Our findings underscore the necessity of an integrated planning approach to urban greening, as it can contribute toward attaining urban development goals. Additionally, by proposing an app-based model for policymakers, our outputs should enable the reconciliation of multiple environmental objectives in urban landscapes. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Biotic

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Complex spatiotemporal changes in land-use and ecosystem services in the Jeju Island UNESCO heritage and biosphere site (Republic of Korea)

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ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION 2022年第4期49卷 272-279页

作者： Kim, Jihwan Choi, Heejoon Shin, Wonhyeop Yun, Jiweon Song, Youngkeun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdiscipiinary Program Smart City Global Conve Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea

Jeju Island, designated by UNESCO as a world heritage site, continues to face the anthropogenic pressures of reckless development for regional tourism and economic revitalization purposes. Because land use/land cover (LULC) affects ecosystem services and human well-being, it is crucial to comprehensively identify the causes of changes in LULC based on long-term analyses. This study examined LULC changes on Jeju Island over 47 years from 1973 to 2019 and quantified changes in four ecosystem services: habitat quality, carbon stock, water yield and cumulative viewshed. From 1973 to 1998, forest land increased from 22% to 56%, but these restoration efforts were conducted in grassland, reducing that land type from 42% to 17%. This process increased the areas of highest habitat quality from 68% to 73%, and carbon stock increased from 20 to 30 million tonnes. Between 1998 and 2009, the area of cropland more than doubled from 21% to 44%. As a result, the areas of highest habitat quality decreased from 73% to 49%, and carbon stock decreased from 3.0 million tonnes to 2.3 million tonnes. Our analysis could help stakeholders and policymakers to develop their management planning and improve ecosystem services through restoration and conservation policies on Jeju Island.

关键词： ecosystem management forest restoration InVEST model land-cover change

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Optimization of Geofoam Shape for Earth Pressure Reduction on Debris Flow Barriers

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SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION engineering 2024年第4期61卷 308-316页

作者： Kim, Jaekyoung Lee, Jihoon Kang, Junsuk Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ Dept Environm Landscape Architecture Kangnung South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul South Korea

A debris flow barrier is a structure used to prevent erosion caused by debris flow, and is typically installed in countries with mountainous areas, such as Korea. However, owing to earth pressure, several debris flow barriers become damaged. Geofoam is a reinforcement material widely used in the design of debris flow barriers, not only in dams/retaining walls but also in bridges and landscaping. The purpose of this study was to examine the lateral earth pressure reduction effect of geofoam on debris flow barriers, and to find an optimized geofoam shape that satisfies specific conditions. In this study, the debris flow barrier, backfill, geofoam, and foundation were modeled using ABAQUS, a two-dimensional finite element method program. Models A-C were simulated and compared at backfill lengths of 10, 20, and 40 m. The debris flow barrier model was used at a mountain slope of 25 degrees. To determine the geofoam shape and analyze the stability coefficients for sliding and overturning, ten diverse scenarios were considered. According to the results, Scenario 10, with a reversed triangle shape of geofoam, was the most effective in all cases, which reduces the earth pressure significantly. In the case of Model C, a reversed triangle geofoam reinforcement reduces the lateral earth pressure on the backside of the structure by an average of 34.43%.

关键词： ABAQUS

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Leveraging temporal, textural, and socio-environmental features for accurate detection of abandoned farmland

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Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment 2025年 38卷

作者： Seungjoo Baek Heeyeun Yoon Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of KoreaIntegrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-921 Republic of Korea

Detecting abandoned farmland is crucial for effective agricultural land management. By leveraging satellite imagery, and using temporal and textural features, machine learning studies have identified such lands. However, demographic and locational factors, though recognized as key drivers of farmland abandonment, have not been used as classification attributes. Our research employs Support Vector Machines and Random Forests, integrating these socio-environmental factors, achieves accuracies of 89.2 % and 88.5 % for overall and user classifications, respectively. We discovered that factors such as parcel size, slope, and road proximity are more critical than other conventional features in identifying abandoned farmland, recommending further investigation into these socio-environmental factors to uncover more impactful classification attributes. Additionally, our findings contrast with other studies by demonstrating that both higher and lower harmonic components of NDVI and NDWI enhance classification accuracy. This research could greatly assist in agricultural land surveys and in developing policies for sustainable farmland preservation.

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