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Evaluating the efficiency of fog cooling for climate change adaptation in vulnerable groups: A case study of Daegu Metropolitan city

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BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2022年 217卷 1页

作者： Kim, Jaekyoung Kang, Junsuk Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea

This study quantitatively analyzed the effect of fog cooling on temperature reduction and conducted an optimization study on the layout for planning a fog cooling system in the Daegu Metropolitan city. First, the design and verification of a single fog cooling unit was identified through an indoor experiment. Second, the temperature reduction effect of the installed fog cooling system was measured based on a sensor and verified through a finite volume method (FVM)-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Third, a numerical analysis of the optimal fog cooling arrangement was designed and performed in the Indongchon area. The temperature reduction design manual and model equations, which can be used by decision-makers, were analyzed through numerical analysis. The measured temperature reduction and simulation values had a high accuracy of R-2 > 0.8. Based on the verified model, scenarios A-D were designed and analyzed according to the fog cooling arrangement. Scenario B, in which the fog cooling was arranged vertically to the wind direction, appeared to be the most efficient. In this case, the volume average temperature where fog cooling was installed could be reduced by up to 3.02 degrees C. It was also found that efficiency is higher when the fog cooling system is positioned at narrow intervals of <5 m than at wide intervals of >10 m, considering the wind direction. The results of this study can aid decision makers-including urban policymakers and planners-for estimating the potential extent of temperature reduction and increase in humidity by adopting fog cooling.

关键词： Daegu Metropolitan city smart city Climate change adaptation Fog cooling Numerical analysis Design manual

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Unveiling differences in biodiversity conservation efficiency across multi-level ecological networks under future climate change scenarios

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ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2024年 169卷

作者： Liu, Qiqi Hang, Tian Wu, Yunfei Song, Youngkeun Tang, Xiaolan Nanjing Forestry Univ Dept Landscape Architecture Nanjing Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Design Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea Nanjing Forestry Univ Dept Art & Design Nanjing Peoples R China Nanjing Forestry Univ Acad Chinese Ecol Progress & Forestry Studies Nanjing Peoples R China

Constructing ecological networks between protected areas is crucial for preventing further biodiversity loss. Considering the variations among protected areas, developing multi-level ecological networks can optimize resource allocation. However, the future effectiveness of these multi-level networks in protecting biodiversity remains unclear. In this study, we considered aspects including the distribution of endangered species, the impact of climate change, and human activity to identify ecological sources at different levels and established multi-level ecological corridors. We then evaluated the biodiversity conservation efficiency of multi-level ecological networks under future climate change scenarios. The results showed that high-priority ecological corridors are primarily concentrated in the southwestern part of the Yangtze River Delta, gradually extending eastward, while ecological corridors in the northern region are of relatively lower priority. Significant differences were also observed in the conservation efficiency of ecological networks at different levels. Under future climate change scenarios (SSP 126, 245, 370, and 585), smaller scale but higher-priority ecological networks (Level 1 and Level 2) demonstrated higher conservation efficiency, reaching 75.36% and 61.13%, respectively. In contrast, larger scale but lower-priority ecological networks (Level 3 and Level 4) had conservation efficiency below 50%. These results highlight that the prioritization of ecological networks should be considered during their construction and implementation, as it is essential to their future contributions to biodiversity conservation.

关键词： Ecological network Biodiversity conservation Conservation efficiency Protected areas SSP scenarios

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smart cities and disaster risk reduction in South Korea by 2022: The case of Daegu

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HELIYON 2023年第8期9卷 e18794页

作者： Kim, Jaekyoung Lee, Jung-Min Kang, Junsuk Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul 08826 South Korea Land & Housing Inst Daejeon 34047 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea

smart cities have been introduced globally. It involves technical development and economic, social, and environmental objectives. In response to the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) and global trends, Korea has prepared legal and institutional measures for smart city composition. This study reviewed the importance of key documents and agreements in Daegu Metropolitan city to reduce disaster risk for the vulnerable in the context of smart cities. 25 research studies were critically and systematically reviewed from the perspective of disaster risk reduction in smart cities. In its disaster safety areas, Daegu Metropolitan city aims to reduce property damage and casualties that may occur because of physical events such as collapse, water-related disasters, and heatwaves by up to 20%. smart disaster mitigation involves data collection, sharing, and propagation. The entire process is handled on a safety platform called Data hub. According to the Daegu Metropolitan city government, solving social problems and managing disasters is key to a smart city, and it is striving to improve the efficiency of other cities. However, Daegu has limitations because it is a service-oriented smart city, and it is necessary to engage citizens to participate, raise awareness of the smart city, and educate them on the platform. The study results recommend future research that focus on disaster risk reduction and resilience in smart cities worldwide.

关键词： smart city Disaster risk reduction smart city innovation growth engine project Disaster mitigation Data sharing Safety platform

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Quantifying Outdoor Cooling Effects of Vertical Green System on Mean Radiant Temperature

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Yun, Seok Hwan Lee, Dong Kun Kim, Na Youn Piao, Zheng Gang Kim, Sang Hyuck Park, Seunghwan Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science 4 Dept. of Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Building Energy Research Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology Goyang10223 Korea Republic of

Vertical green systems (VGS) are expected to mitigate outdoor heat stress through a transpiration cooling effect. There is a lack of knowledge on how VGS influence outdoor thermal comfort, particularly focusing on energy flux. This study quantifies the outdoor cooling effects of VGS, and distinguishes the energy flux between them and outdoor urban spaces. In addition, we discuss their cooling efficiency. Outdoor experiments were conducted during the hot summer period on building facades in city. Our study on VGS focused on the measurement of climatic variables, surface temperatures of plant leaves (Fatsia japonica), net radiation, and estimating transpiration and evaporation. The surface temperature of VGS were up to 4.3 °C higher than those of high albedo walls, while the reflected radiations (short and long-wave radiation) were 120 w/m2 lower than albedo walls during the day. The mean radiant temperature (MRT) of VGS was 3.02 °C lower than the high albedo wall during daytime, except in the case of shaded areas (0.45 °C). We confirmed that the cooling efficiency of transpiration was 7.38 times more effective than evaporation from soil without plants. Therefore, VGS is efficient in terms of long-term heat reduction and can be an effective strategy to mitigate outdoor heat stress. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Transpiration

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Estimation of Mean Radiant Temperature in Urban Canyons Using Google Street View: A Case Study on Seoul

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REMOTE SENSING 2022年第2期14卷 260-260页

作者： Kim, Eun-Sub Yun, Seok-Hwan Park, Chae-Yeon Heo, Han-Kyul Lee, Dong-Kun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Natl Inst Environm Studies Ctr Social & Environm Syst Res Tsukuba Ibaraki 3050053 Japan Architecture & Urban Res Inst Sejong 30103 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul 08826 South Korea

Extreme heat exposure has severe negative impacts on humans, and the issue is exacerbated by climate change. Estimating spatial heat stress such as mean radiant temperature (MRT) is currently difficult to apply at city scale. This study constructed a method for estimating the MRT of street canyons using Google Street View (GSV) images and investigated its large-scale spatial patterns at street level. We used image segmentation using deep learning to calculate the view factor (VF) and project panorama into fisheye images. We calculated sun paths to estimate MRT using panorama images from Google Street View. This paper shows that regression analysis can be used to validate between estimated short-wave, long-wave radiation and the measurement data at seven field measurements in the clear-sky (0.97 and 0.77, respectively). Additionally, we compared the calculated MRT and land surface temperature (LST) from Landsat 8 on a city scale. As a result of investigating spatial patterns of MRT in Seoul, South Korea, we found that a high MRT of street canyons (>59.4 degrees C) is mainly distributed in open space areas and compact low-rise density buildings where the sky view factor is 0.6-1.0 and the building view factor (BVF) is 0.35-0.5, or west-east oriented street canyons with an SVF of 0.3-0.55. However, high-density buildings (BVF: 0.4-0.6) or high-density tree areas (Tree View Factor, TVF: 0.6-0.99) showed low MRT (<47.6). The mapped MRT results had a similar spatial distribution to the LST;however, the MRT was lower than the LST in low tree density or low-rise high-density building areas. The method proposed in this study is suitable for a complex urban environment consisting of buildings, trees, and streets. This will help decision makers understand spatial patterns of heat stress at the street level.

关键词： Street canyon Google Street View deep learning mean radiant temperature thermal comfort

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A comprehensive framework of cooling effect-accessibility-urban development to assessing and planning park cooling services

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2023年 98卷

作者： Xiao, Yi Piao, Yong Wei, Wei Pan, Chao Lee, Dongkun Zhao, Bing Nanjing Forestry Univ Coll Landscape Architecture Nanjing 210037 Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul 08826 South Korea Nanjing XiaoZhuang Univ Sch Environm Sci Nanjing 210000 Peoples R China Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Econ & Management Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Nanjing Forestry Univ Dept Landscape Architecture 159 Longpan Rd Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

With increasing global warming and urbanization, extreme heat events threaten the health of urban dwellers. Urban parks can alleviate severe urban heating, but previous research on park cooling effect has largely involved single-dimension analysis and lacked a multi-dimensional perspective that explores the equity of park cooling services. To address the issue, this study proposes a comprehensive framework of cooling effect-accessibility-urban development for assessing and planning 113 urban parks in Nanjing, China. The results show an unequal distribution of the park cooling services index (PCSI), which decreases outward from the city center to surrounding areas, with an average PCSI within the ring road 1.34 times higher than outside. The value of the cooling effect was relatively low, with the two lowest levels accounting for 65.5%, and the parks with low values of accessibility and urban development were concentrated outside the ring road. Additionally, increasing the park area, Normalized difference vegetation index of vegetated area, and blue-green proportion could effectively enhance the cooling effect. Four park cooling service types were identified according to supplydemand, as well as intervention strategies and adaptive planning measures were developed. This study constructed a new comprehensive framework for park cooling services to improve equity and promote urban parks.

关键词： Park cooling service Assessment and planning Cooling effect Accessibility Urban development Equity

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Natural Reality:Connecting the Cinematic landscape Panorama to the Ideal Virtual landscape:Focused on the Seoyeon's House,from the Korean Movie "architecture 101"

Natural Reality:Connecting the Cinematic Landscape Panorama ...

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第17届中日韩风景园林学术研讨会

作者： Tae Kyung(James)Kwon Kyung-Jin Zoh Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture & Global Smart city engineering GSES Seoul National University Graduate School of Environment Studies Seoul National University

The landscape is the ideal picture and pursuit of ***,now,we're living in the very fatal unhealthy era of corona *** makes us very difficult to create a cultural space in public,although each nation pursuing dramatic changes in the short term to make people enjoy their daily life back with the beautiful landscape in their natural *** to IT technology,we could create many virtual reality worlds,and it has been recognized very well on many ***,Virtual landscape is the best substitute of the real landscape for an ideal life,but the limitation was the cost and time since it has needed many graphic artists and rendering time using the expensive GPU built in Graphic *** this study,using virtual reality technology,an attempt was made to put "Seoyeon's house" in Jeju Island from the beautiful cinematic panorama in the real world,the main stage of the famous Korean movie "architecture101",and the movie in a virtual *** an attempt to build a virtual cultural park with minimal cost and designers,and to install various sounds and images that are pursued in a cultural environment not by only considering the audience' eyes but also for their ears and emotional mind,breaking away from the existing planting at the site,exhibiting and displaying interior materials,***,the interaction was provided to users and various experiences were made in virtual *** want to call it "Natural Reality" against the term of "Virtual Reality".In particular,to minimize the existing 3 D modeling and graphics,which take a lot of time and cost,a high-definition 360 camera based on real world texture mapping was introduced,and by using images captured in the field,a higher real-time rendering speed and a sense of reality were given,and the optimal result was ***,through this study,by demonstrating the function as a digital theme park that conveys the vivid appearance of the scene by absorbing all the interior and landscape of the scene in the future mov

关键词： Virtual Reality Spatial culture planning Cinema mixed landscape architecture Natural Reality

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Analysis of Wildfire Spread and Development of Efficient Adaptation Plan for Natural Recreation Forests: A Case Study of Gangwon-Do, South Korea

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Kim, Jaekyoung Ahn, Junghyeon Kang, Junsuk Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Transdisciplinary Program in Smart City Global Convergence Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

This study developed a simulation model that can preemptively predict wildfires and evaluate the reduction effects of adaptation facilities. To develop a physics-based simulation model that analyze the spread and reduction effects of wildfires, we adopted two main methodologies. First, environmental information was collected from a natural recreational forest in Wonju, Gangwon-do. Second, a wildfire computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was developed and verified. For CFD simulation, two models were produced: Case A, with no adaptation technology installed, and Case B, with sprinklers installed as the adaptation technology. We observed the relationship between wind speed, terrain, and wildfire spread. Under a fast wind speed of 4 m/s or more, wildfire spread rapidly due to the influence of wind direction. For Case B models, which included sprinklers, a wildfire reduction effect of 20% was observed at 600 min after ignition. Primary findings will contribute to developing predictive simulations for disaster assessment. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Finite volume method

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Nature-Based Solutions Can Potentially Contribute to Biomass Density, Heat Stress Mitigation, and Biodiversity

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Hyun, Jung Hee Kim, Na Yeon Heo, Su Jeong Kim, Shin Woo Kim, Da Sle Lee, Dong Kun Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science 4 Dept. of Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Systemic Risk and Resilience Research Group Advancing Systems Analysis International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Austria Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are actions to protect, sustainably manage, or restore natural ecosystems. They are increasingly recognized worldwide as a key strategy for sustainable development, integrating climate change adaptation and mitigation and biodiversity conservation. NBS is fundamental to the quality of life of residents, and urban planning often includes strategies that are directly or indirectly related to greening. Although numerous studies have been conducted to quantitatively evaluate the benefits of NBS, analysis of the potential effect of NBS remains insufficient. Therefore, we developed a spatial decision-making support model that optimizes the location of NBS on multiple effects (biomass density, urban heat stress mitigation, and landscape connectivity) using a Non-Sorting dominated Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II). Potential was assessed by comparing the NBS plan considering co-benefits with NBS strategy scenarios focused on individual objectives connectivity, biomass density, heat stress based scenario(CBS, BBS, and HBS). The model was applied to Suwon city, South Korea, demonstrating the potential of an integrated approach to maximize co-benefits simultaneously. The analysis revealed a trade-off between NBS benefits and implementation costs, with performance improvement in one objective often leading to decreased performance in others. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations among the three objectives, with heat stress showing the lowest correlation. Simulations under four distinct scenarios highlighted the diverse potential arrangements of NBS and their effects. An integrated strategy demonstrated a consistently high overall value (a 221% improvement), which proved to be the most efficient approach when considering all aspects collectively. This study underscores the potential benefits of integrating multiple objectives into urban green space planning, thereby providing valuable insights for sustainable urban development.

关键词： Biodiversity

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Do Larger-Scale Ecological Networks Imply Higher Efficiency in Biodiversity Conservation? Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta, China

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Liu, Qiqi Hang, Tian Wu, Yunfei Song, Youngkeun Tang, Xiaolan Department of Landscape Architecture Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China Department of Environmental Design Graduate School of Environmental Studies Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart city Global Convergence Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Art & Design Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China Academy of Chinese Ecological Progress and Forestry Studies Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China

Constructing ecological networks between protected areas is crucial for preventing further biodiversity loss. Considering the variations among protected areas, developing multi-level ecological networks can optimize resource allocation. However, the relationship between the different levels of ecological networks and their efficiency in biodiversity conservation remains unclear. In this study, we considered factors including the distribution of endangered species, the impact of climate change, and human activity to identify ecological sources at different levels and established multi-level ecological corridors. We then assessed the relationship between different levels of ecological networks and biodiversity conservation efficiency. The results showed that high-priority ecological corridors are primarily concentrated in the southwestern part of the Yangtze River Delta, gradually extending eastward, while ecological corridors in the northern region are of relatively lower priority. Significant differences were also observed in the conservation efficiency of ecological networks at different levels. Under various future climate change scenarios (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 126, 245, 370, and 585), smaller-scale but higher-priority ecological networks (MEN1 and MEN2) exhibited higher conservation efficiencies, reaching 75.36% and 61.13%, respectively, while larger-scale ecological networks (MEN3 and MEN4) showed efficiencies below 50%. These results indicate that larger-scale ecological networks do not necessarily equate to higher efficiency in biodiversity conservation, underscoring the importance of assessing the actual contributions of ecological networks to biodiversity protection. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Efficiency

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