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Integrating restorative perception into urban street planning: A framework using street view images, deep learning, and space syntax

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CITIES 2024年 147卷

作者： Wu, Yunfei Liu, Qiqi Hang, Tian Yang, Yihong Wang, Yijun Cao, Lei Nanjing Forestry Univ Dept Art & Design Nanjing Peoples R China Nanjing Forestry Univ Dept Landscape Architecture Nanjing Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Design Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea Sanjiang Univ Dept Arts Nanjing Peoples R China 159 Longpan Rd Nanjing 210037 Peoples R China

Existing urban street planning often neglects human perception despite being designed for human utility. Therefore, exploring the relationship between urban street planning and human perception, especially restorative perception, is crucial for sustainable urban planning. In this study, we analyzed restorative perception of urban streets among different population groups and accessibility of urban streets using Baidu Street View Images, deep learning, and space syntax. Furthermore, we clarified the impacts of various street elements on restorative perception using correlation and ridge regression analyses. Based on restorative perception and accessibility coupling assessment, streets were classified into four types, identifying "inefficient segments" and "prioritized segments". The results showed that: 1) the level of restorative perception of streets in Nanjing was relatively limited and exhibited variation across different population groups;2) the impacts of different street elements on restorative perception varied, with trees having the highest positive impact (beta = 0.378), while walls had the greatest negative impact (beta = - 0.182);and 3) "prioritized segments" and "inefficient segments" represented 33.92 % and 17.96 %, respectively, indicating the urgent demand for streets planning and renewal. These findings can offer targeted recommendations for enhancing restorative environment of urban streets and identifying priority areas for urban street planning.

关键词： Restorative perception Urban street planning Street view image Deep learning Space syntax

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Tracking diurnal to seasonal variations of gross primary productivity using a geostationary satellite, GK-2A advanced meteorological imager

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REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2023年 284卷

作者： Jeong, Sungchan Ryu, Youngryel Dechant, Benjamin Li, Xing Kong, Juwon Choi, Wonseok Kang, Minseok Yeom, Jongmin Lim, Joongbin Jang, Keunchang Chun, Junghwa Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv Leipzig Germany Univ Leipzig Leipzig Germany Natl Ctr AgroMeteorol Seoul South Korea Korea Aerosp Res Inst Satellite Applicat Div 169-84 Gwahak Ro Daejeon 34133 South Korea Natl Inst Forest Sci Forest ICT Res Ctr Seoul South Korea

The diurnal sampling capability of geostationary satellites provides unprecedented opportunities for monitoring canopy photosynthesis at multiple temporal scales. At the diurnal scale, only geostationary satellites can currently provide sub-daily data at regular intervals, also it can help to minimize data gaps due to clouds at the seasonal scale. However, the potential of geostationary satellites for monitoring photosynthesis has not been explored in depth. In this study, we tracked diurnal to seasonal variations in gross primary production (GPP) using the product of near-infrared reflectance of vegetation and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (NIRvP) over deciduous forests, mixed forests and a rice paddy during the growing season. For this purpose, we generated three levels of reflectance and PAR from Geostationary Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-2A (GK-2A). We examined how NIRvP derived from GK-2A tracked in-situ GPP data collected from five flux tower sites in South Korea. Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) normalized NIRvP agreed well with in-situ GPP over the course of the growing season at hourly (R-2 = 0.68-0.77) and daily timesteps (R-2 = 0.71-0.83). Atmospheric correction and BRDF normalization improved the performance of NIRvP in tracking GPP at both the diurnal and seasonal time scales. Also, GK-2A showed a much higher percentage of available high-quality BRDF data over the whole growing season for all study sites than the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (GK-2A: 85%;MODIS: 39%), especially during the cloudy monsoon period. Our findings demonstrated that the unique observation characteristics of geostationary satellites can contribute to large-scale monitoring of diurnal to seasonal GPP dynamics.

关键词： Diurnal Geostationary satellite GK-2A GPP NIRvP Photosynthesis

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Beyond Desakota: the urbanization process and spatial restructuring in contemporary Vietnam

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URBAN RESEARCH & PRACTICE 2023年第4期16卷 582-604页

作者： Hong, Nami Kim, Saehoon Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Urban Design Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Landscape Architecture Urban Design Concentrat Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Environm Planning Inst Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea

This study explored Vietnam's urbanization process and spatial restructuring over the last 30 years to conceptualize a new phenomenon challenging the concept of desakota. We constructed socioeconomic and urban land cover data from 1987 to 2018. Furthermore, we compared the urbanization process with the economic transition and mapped urban land growth patterns. The study found the following urbanization features: (1) fluctuating process of urbanization by development stage in a transitional economy, (2) formation of heterogeneous spatial patterns in metropolitan regions, (3) dramatic landscape changes caused by capitalistic property developments, and (4) functional reordering among urban centers and newly urbanized areas.

关键词： Spatial urbanization urban land growth desakota Vietnam developing countries Southeast Asia

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The cooling effect of trees in high-rise building complexes in relation to spatial distance from buildings

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2024年 114卷

作者： Kim, Ji Yeon Park, Chae Yeon Lee, Dong Kun Yun, Seok Hwan Hyun, Jung Hee Kim, Eun Sub Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Specialized Grad Sch Intelligent Ecosci Seoul South Korea SK forest Restructuring team Seoul South Korea Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol Environm Management Res Inst Onogawa 16-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058569 Japan Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Natl Inst Environm Studies Ctr Climate Change Adaptat 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058506 Japan Int Inst Appl Syst Anal Syst Risk & Resilience Res Grp Adv Syst Anal Laxenburg Austria City Univ Hong Kong Low Carbon & Climate Impact Res Ctr Sch Energy & Environm Tat Chee Ave Hong Kong Peoples R China

Street trees are vital in mitigating urban heat islands, with their cooling effect significantly influenced by the urban layout. Past studies explored how urban canyon characteristics-aspect ratio, building coverage-affect tree cooling, yet seldom analyzed the impact of distance between trees and buildings. Addressing this, our study evaluates tree cooling effects concerning their proximity to shaded and sunlit walls. The findings highlight that cooling effectiveness varies with the ratio of distance from the shaded wall to building height (Dsha:H), peaking within a ratio range of 0.55 to 0.7. Below a ratio of 0.3, effectiveness decreases to 9-29 %, emphasizing the importance of strategic planting distances. The result shows that when planted at an optimal distance from buildings, small trees can produce similar radiation mitigation effects to those of larger trees. This discovery advocates for thoughtful tree placement in high-density areas, optimally leveraging their shade and evapotranspiration benefits. The study provides actionable insights for urban planners and landscape architects, suggesting that careful consideration of tree placement relative to building shadows can significantly improve urban climates, offering a strategic approach to deploying green infrastructure in high-rise complexes for enhanced climate resilience.

关键词： Urban heat island Urban greening Spatial distance Mean radiant temperature Tree planting

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landscape Design for Improved Thermal Environment: An Optimized Tree Arrangement Design for Climate-Responsive Outdoor Spaces in Residential Buildings Complexes

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2023年 97卷

作者： Kim, Ji Yeon Park, Chae Yeon Hyun, Jung Hee Kim, Sang Hyuck Yun, Seok Hwan Lee, Dong Kun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Pro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Specialized Grad Sch Intelligent Ecosci Seoul 08826 South Korea SK Forest Smart Green Solut Team Seoul 03161 South Korea Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol Environm Management Res Inst Tsukuba 3058569 Japan Natl Inst Environm Studies Tsukuba 3058506 Japan Int Inst Appl Syst Anal Syst Risk & Resilience Res Grp Adv Syst Anal A-2361 Laxenburg Austria Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Korea Land & Housing Corp Publ Housing Business Div Housing Struct Estimate Off Jinju Si 52852 Gyeongsangnam D South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Lab Landscape Ecol & Climate Change Adaptat Room 92111Bldg 2001 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea

The heat reduction effect of trees has been investigated through numerical simulations;however, there are still challenges to applying the scientific results to the planning process due to the model's complexity and the computational resources required. This study investigates a rapid spatial evaluation method for heat stress potential, measured by mean radiant temperature (MRT), by decomposing radiation into sub-radiation using a multilayer MRT model. This method also enables the reproduction of optimized layouts considering the effect of tree arrangement in residential buildings. Multi-objectives were achieved through an evolutionary algorithm, resulting in more effective design layouts combining tree types and arrangements, all within a standard budget. By adopting this study's approach, landscape designers can create climate-responsive tree layouts with reduced heat exposure and generate customized planting designs tailored to their preferences.

关键词： Residential tree planting Urban heat Radiation transfer Optimization Urban vegetation Decision-making

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Modeling decision-maker preferences for long-term climate adaptation planning using a pathways approach

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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021年 772卷 145335-145335页

作者： Hyun, Jung Hee Kim, Ji Yeon Park, Chae Yeon Lee, Dong Kun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Pr Seoul 08826 South Korea Natl Inst Environm Studies Ctr Social & Environm Syst Res 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058506 Japan Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea

Decision-makers are faced with the task to translate the science of future climate change impacts to set policy goals and plans based on their capacities and contexts. However, there is a lack in support tools that translate the preferences and constraints of stakeholders to assess the viability of goals and strategies for adaptation planning. In this study, we introduce a decision-support model that simulates adaptation pathways using a multiobjective optimization algorithm. The model has been applied to find optimal adaptation pathways for reducing heat related morbidity in Seoul, South Korea under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5. We analyzed the effects of six hard and soft adaptation strategies from 2020 to 2100. Decision-maker preference scenarios based on three budget levels, two goal setting approaches and two investment delay plans were evaluated. The results show that after 2065, current adaptation strategies cannot reduce the impacts of heat mortality even with high budgets. A low budget limits adaptation for both ambitious and conservative goal settings while a higher budget did lead to greater adaptation but was not necessary for the conservative goal setting suggesting that efficient pairing of budget level based on the adaptation goal can be beneficial. Further, the longer the delay in investment toward adaptation results in irrecoverable reduction in adaptation. These results imply that different planning approaches are necessary for the desired adaptation effect and level of cost efficiency. This study is significant in that the methodology can be expanded to include other sectors and applied to various locations of different scales to help stakeholders develop more effective long-term adaptation plans based on their needs and constraints. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Climate change Adaptation pathways Decision-making under uncertainty Adaptation planning Maladaptation Heat mortality

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Assessment of spatial interactions in farmland abandonment: A case study of Gwangyang city, Jeollanam-do Province, South Korea

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HABITAT INTERNATIONAL 2022年 129卷

作者： Baek, Seungjoo Yoon, Heeyeun Hahm, Yeankyoung Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Coll Agr & Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 151921 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Smart City Global Convergence 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Texas A&M Univ Coll Architecture Dept Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning College Stn TX USA

globally, countries have experienced substantial increases in farmland abandonment and concomitant consequences, such as reduced agricultural productions, deteriorated local communities, and increased probabilities of wildfire and landslides. For better understanding of the phenomenon, previous studies have focused on finding individual factors leading to farmland abandonment, while the spatial relationships, including influences exchanged among parcels themselves, have been much less examined. In this study, we investigate the factors inducing farmland abandonment in Gwangyang city in Jeollanam-do Province in South Korea, with a specific focus on the spatial interactions. We analyzed the level of spatial autocorrelation of abandoned farmlands using Moran's I and conducted a spatial autor-egressive probit regression analysis to assess the factors that explain farmland abandonments, including their spatial dependence and spillover effects. We found that the global Moran's I was 0.42 for locations of abandoned farmland, justifying the use of a spatial model. The results of spatial autoregressive probit model confirmed the spatial interactions among the spatial units and spillover effects, meaning that farmland abandonment can be affected by abandonment of neighboring agri-cultural parcels, and that an individual parcel simultaneously receives influences of factors within itself and from factors of other parcels, respectively. Our new dispersion index confirmed that disconnection or fragmentation of farmland is associated with farmland abandonments. The finding of this research will help in establishing rural policies, focusing on the community-level cooperation system to prevent future occurrence of the farmland abandonments.

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Leveraging temporal, textural, and socio-environmental features for accurate detection of abandoned farmland

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Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment 2025年 38卷

作者： Seungjoo Baek Heeyeun Yoon Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of KoreaIntegrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-921 Republic of Korea

Detecting abandoned farmland is crucial for effective agricultural land management. By leveraging satellite imagery, and using temporal and textural features, machine learning studies have identified such lands. However, demographic and locational factors, though recognized as key drivers of farmland abandonment, have not been used as classification attributes. Our research employs Support Vector Machines and Random Forests, integrating these socio-environmental factors, achieves accuracies of 89.2 % and 88.5 % for overall and user classifications, respectively. We discovered that factors such as parcel size, slope, and road proximity are more critical than other conventional features in identifying abandoned farmland, recommending further investigation into these socio-environmental factors to uncover more impactful classification attributes. Additionally, our findings contrast with other studies by demonstrating that both higher and lower harmonic components of NDVI and NDWI enhance classification accuracy. This research could greatly assist in agricultural land surveys and in developing policies for sustainable farmland preservation.

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Urban flood adaptation planning for local governments: Hydrology analysis and optimization

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION 2021年 59卷 102213-102213页

作者： Choi, Younghun Kang, Junsuk Kim, Jaekyoung Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Urban Design Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Natl Inst Environm Studies Ctr Global Environm Res Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058506 Japan Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conve Seoul 08826 South Korea

Urban flooding damage is an increasing problem in cities worldwide and is only expected to become worse as urbanization and climate change continue. To prevent disasters and minimize loss of life and economic harm, government agencies have started implementing large-scale projects;however, budgetary constraints and overly optimistic designs have prevented the desired results. This study aims to prove that flood adaptation models using small-scale technologies can ameliorate the impact of torrential rainfall events. A new hydrology analysis model was applied to a district in Seoul, Korea that is prone to frequent floods. The results were encouraging and indicated the effectiveness of careful planning and urban design.

关键词： Climate change Disaster Hydrology analysis Urban flooding Flood adaptation

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Proposing the classification matrix for growing and shrinking cities: A case study of 228 districts in South Korea

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HABITAT INTERNATIONAL 2022年 127卷

作者： Kim, Young Eun Lee, Jae Seung Kim, Saehoon Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Landscape Architecture Urban Design Major 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture Grad Sch Environm Studies & Environ mental Plannin Grad Sch Environm Studies 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea

Many studies have attempted to categorize growing and shrinking cities primarily through population and economic indicators. However, previous approaches may have oversimplified the characteristics of city categories, such as growing or shrinking cities. Therefore, this study proposes a classification matrix based on the interaction between population and economic activity indicators to describe the characteristics of growing or shrinking cities adequately. The authors applied the matrix to categorize 228 administrative districts in South Korea, taking into account the distinct characteristics of the categorized growth and shrinkage patterns. The results show that these patterns can be subdivided into eight types of growing or shrinking cities, depending on which indicator between population or economic activity change is more predominant. The authors found that cities with declined population and increased economic activity could give rise to growth patterns. These findings suggest that the classification matrix can provide researchers and policymakers with a sophisticated analytical frame for diagnosing and classifying urban change, which can contribute to the enactment of appropriate urban and regional policies.

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