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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2021

作者： Choi, Jaewon Gong, Duhyun Yoon, Namkyung Shin, Sangjoon Interdisciplinary Program in Space System Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781624106095

Unlike birds, insect type flapping wing mechanism does not have tail wings. Therefore, its fuselage attitude is adjusted by either varying direction of the stroke plane or twisting the trailing edge. In this paper, design and simulation of a control mechanism are to be presented. The control mechanism produces 3-axis moments by trailing edge control (TEC). TEC generates control moments by twisting a rod connected to the root of the main wings. For proper operation of TEC, kinematic analysis is conducted to determine its appropriate linkage length and the location of the mounted components. In addition, free play phenomenon caused by the backlash, which causes degradation in control ability, is also considered. Also, the wing shaft displacement caused by the free play is considerably decreased. To observe the control moments caused by the TEC, simulation is conducted by DYMORE software. The physical and aerodynamic phenomena caused by TEC are observed. Therefore, the prototype of the current mechanism is fabricated based on the analysis results. In the future, experiments for the proposed control mechanism will be conducted. Then, the control moment generated by the prototype will be evaluated and physical phenomena caused by the control moment will be observed. Also, a PID controller will be designed for stable flight based on numerical simulation results. © 2021, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wings

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Global hotspots of salt marsh change and carbon emissions(dec,10.1038/s41586-022-05355-z,2020)

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NATURE 2023年第7946期614卷 E17-E17页

作者： Campbell, Anthony D. Fatoyinbo, Lola Goldberg, Liza Lagomasino, David Biospheric Sciences Laboratory National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA NASA Postdoctoral Program Oak Ridge Associated Universities Oak Ridge TN USA GESTAR II University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD USA Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland College Park MD USA Integrated Coastal Programs East Carolina University Wanchese NC USA

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Global hotspots of salt marsh change and carbon emissions (vol 612, pg 701, 2022)

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NATURE 2023年第7984期622卷 E4-E4页

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Latent trajectory models for spatio-temporal dynamics in Alaskan ecosystems

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Lu, Xinyi Hooten, Mevin B. Raiho, Ann M. Swanson, David K. Roland, Carl A. Stehn, Sarah E. Department of Statistics Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO80523 United States Department of Statistics and Data Sciences The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States University of Maryland Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center College ParkMD20740 United States National Park Service 4175 Geist Road FairbanksAK99709 United States Denali National Park and Preserve P.O. Box 9 Denali Park AK99755 United States Central Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 4175 Geist Road FairbanksAK99709 United States

The Alaskan landscape has undergone substantial changes in recent decades, most notably the expansion of shrubs and trees across the Arctic. We developed a dynamic statistical model to quantify the impact of climate change on the structural transformation of ecosystems using remotely sensed imagery. We used latent trajectory processes in a hierarchical framework to model dynamic state probabilities that evolve annually, from which we derived transition probabilities between ecotypes. Our latent trajectory model accommodates temporal irregularity in survey intervals and uses spatio-temporally heterogeneous climate drivers to infer rates of land cover transitions. We characterized multi-scale spatial correlation induced by plot and subplot arrangement in our study system. We also developed a Pólya-Gamma sampling strategy to improve computation. Our model facilitates inference on the response of ecosystems to shifts in the climate and can be used to predict future land cover transitions under various climate scenarios. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Climate change

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GLOBAL OCEANS

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BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2022年第8期103卷 S149-S191页

作者： Johnson, G. C. Lumpkin, R. NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Seattle Washington NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Miami Florida NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring Maryland NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland and Morgan State University Baltimore Maryland College of Marine Science University of South Florida St. Petersburg Florida International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Department of Earth Environmental and Planetary Sciences Brown University Providence Rhode Island National Oceanography Centre NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland and Science Systems and Application Inc. Lanham Maryland Science Systems and Applications Inc. Hampton Virginia Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter Australian Antarctic Program Partnership Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania NOAA/NWS NCEP Climate Prediction Center College Park Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina National Oceanography Centre Liverpool Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science University of Miami Miami Florida Japan Meteorological Agency Tokyo Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of Miami and NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Miami Florida currently at Direction Générale de l’Armement Ingénierie des projets Paris NOAA/NWS NCWCP Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry College Park Maryland Cooperative Institute

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GLOBAL OCEANS

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S156-S213页

作者： Johnson, G.C. Lumpkin, R. NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Seattle Washington NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Miami Florida NOAA/OAR Physical Sciences Laboratory Boulder Colorado KBR Inc. Greenbelt Maryland NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring Maryland Cooperative Institute for Climate Ocean and Ecosystem Studies University of Washington Seattle Washington Universities Space Research Association Columbia Maryland College of Marine Science University of South Florida St. Petersburg Florida School of Ocean and Earth Science University of Southampton Southampton United Kingdom International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Rosenstiel School of Marine Atmospheric and Earth Science University of Miami Miami Florida School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia Science Systems and Applications Inc. Lanham Maryland ADNET Systems Inc. Hampton Virginia Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of Miami Miami Florida Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies North Carolina State University Asheville North Carolina Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography Old Dominion University Norfolk Virginia Australian Antarctic Program Partnership Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes University of Tasmania Hobart Australia NOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center College Park Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Department of Atmosphere Ocean an

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GLOBAL OCEANS

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BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2023年第9期104卷 S146-S206页

作者： Johnson, G. C. Lumpkin, R. Met Office Hadley Center Exeter United Kingdom NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Miami Florida Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of Miami Miami Florida NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring Maryland Cooperative Institute for Climate Ocean and Ecosystem Studies University of Washington Seattle Washington NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Seattle Washington NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland Morgan State University Baltimore Maryland College of Marine Science University of South Florida St. Petersburg Florida Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole Massachusetts International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine Atmospheric and Earth Science University of Miami Miami Florida Science Systems and Applications Inc. Lanham Maryland Science Systems and Applications Inc. Hampton Virginia Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography Old Dominion University Norfolk Virginia Australian Antarctic Program Partnership Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania NOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center College Park Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Department of Atmosphere Ocean and Earth System Modeling Research Meteorological Research Institute Japan Meteorological Agency Tsukuba Japan National Oceanography Centre Liverpool United Kingdom Flanders Marine Institute InnovOcean Campus Ostend Belgium NOAA/NWS NCWCP Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry College Par

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INTRODUCTION

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S1-S11页

作者： Boyer, T. Blunden, J. Dunn, R.J.H. NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom University of Maryland College Park Maryland Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California NOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center College Park Maryland Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg Germany Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Buenos Aires Argentina NOAA/OAR Physical Sciences Laboratory Boulder Colorado European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Bonn Germany Center for Geophysical Research and School of Physics University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais CEMADEN São Paulo Brazil Université Grenoble Alpes Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement IRD CNRS Grenoble INP Grenoble France Hampton University Hampton Virginia Seychelles Meteorological Authority Mahe Seychelles Section for Glaciers Ice and Snow Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Oslo Norway National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) CARRTEL Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon les Bains France Graduate School of Agriculture Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan Science Faculty Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia University of Bremen Bremen Germany NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder Colorado Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú Lima Perú Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UV-GVA) Valencia Spain Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Department o

In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. A

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Publisher Correction: Firn on ice sheets

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Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 2024年 330页

作者： Charles Amory Christo Buizert Sammie Buzzard Elizabeth Case Nicole Clerx Riley Culberg Rajashree Tri Datta Devon Dunmire Jan T. M. Lenaerts Megan Thompson-Munson Nander Wever Rahul Dey Reinhard Drews Falk M. Oraschewski Clare Eayrs Nicolaj Hansen Sebastian B. Simonsen Angelika Humbert Athul Kaitheri Kaitlin Keegan Ian McDowell Peter Kuipers Munneke Stef Lhermitte Sophie de Roda Husman Bert Wouters Doug Mair Jessica Mejia Colin R. Meyer Elizabeth Morris Dorothea Moser Elizabeth R. Thomas Emma Pearce Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel Timm Schultz C. Max Stevens Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement University Grenoble Alpes CNRS Grenoble France College of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Columbia University NY USA Department of Geosciences Université de Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Davos Switzerland National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR) Ministry of Earth Sciences Vasco da Gama Goa India Department of Geosciences University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany Center for Global Sea Level Change New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi UAE Department of Glacial Environment Research Korea Polar Research Institute Incheon Republic of Korea Geodesy and Earth Observation DTU Space Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby Denmark Danish Meteorological Institute Copenhagen Denmark Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany Faculty of Geosciences University of Bremen Bremen Germany Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur Université Côte d’Azur CNRS Valbonne France Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering University of Nevada Reno USA Graduate Program of Hydrologic Sciences University of Nevada Reno NV USA Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (IMAU) Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing Delft University of Technology (TUDel

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