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8th International Conference on Materials Science and Technology, MSAT 2014

作者： Looyrach, Jarawee Methacanon, Pawadee Gamonpilas, Chaiwut Lekpittaya, Porntip Lertworasirikul, Amornrat Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced and Sustainable Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kasetsart University Bangkok10900 Thailand National Metal and Materials Technology Center 114 Paholyothin Rd. Klong 1 Klong Luang Pathumthani12120 Thailand Department of Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kasetsart University Bangkok10900 Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9783038355526

For development of eco-friendly packaging foam from pomelo peel, physical and mechanical properties of the pomelo peel and effects of pomelo varieties, namely Kao-Nampueng, Thong-Dee, and Kao-Pan, on their properties were investigated. It was found that the pomelo variety showed somewhat significant effect on physical and mechanical of pomelo peel properties. Because of its thick peel with high moisture content (75-80%) and water activity (0.90-0.98), the peel weight accounted for almost half of the total fruit weight. Cell structure and pore size of the peel were examined using the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The result showed an open cell foam structure with pore size of approximately 151±31 μm. The pore size was more open and large towards the outer surface. Uniaxial compression tests on pomelo peel samples with and without flavedo showed good reproducible stress-strain curves despite its biological variation. Young's moduli of both samples were calculated to be 200-300 kPa and 110-210 kPa, respectively. Moreover, the most important property of packaging foam is the ability to absorb energy during impact which can be characterised through the measurement of the onset strain of densification. It was found that the strain values at the maximum energy absorption efficiency (Εcd) of peel samples with and without flavedo for all studied pomelo varieties were comparable and were approximately in the range of 60-65%. These preliminary results indicate very promising mechanical properties of pomelo peel as eco-friendly packaging foam although further modifications are required to improve their physical and shelf-stability properties. © (2015).

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy

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EEG channels reduction using PCA to increase XGBoost’s accuracy for stroke detection

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1862卷

作者： N. Fitriah S. K. Wijaya M. I. Fanany C. Badri M. Rezal 1Biomedical Engineering Study Program Universitas Indonesia Jl. Salemba Raya No. 4 Jakarta 10430 DKI Jakarta Indonesia 2Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA) Universitas Indonesia Depok 16424 Indonesia 3Faculty of Computer Science Universitas Indonesia Depok 16424 Indonesia

In Indonesia, based on the result of Basic Health Research 2013, the number of stroke patients had increased from 8.3 ‰ (2007) to 12.1 ‰ (2013). These days, some researchers are using electroencephalography (EEG) result as another option to detect the stroke disease besides CT Scan image as the gold standard. A previous study on the data of stroke and healthy patients in National Brain Center Hospital (RS PON) used Brain Symmetry Index (BSI), Delta-Alpha Ratio (DAR), and Delta-Theta-Alpha-Beta Ratio (DTABR) as the features for classification by an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). The study got 85% accuracy with sensitivity above 86 % for acute ischemic stroke detection. Using EEG data means dealing with many data dimensions, and it can reduce the accuracy of classifier (the curse of dimensionality). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) could reduce dimensionality and computation cost without decreasing classification accuracy. XGBoost, as the scalable tree boosting classifier, can solve real-world scale problems (Higgs Boson and Allstate dataset) with using a minimal amount of resources. This paper reuses the same data from RS PON and features from previous research, preprocessed with PCA and classified with XGBoost, to increase the accuracy with fewer electrodes. The specific fewer electrodes improved the accuracy of stroke detection. Our future work will examine the other algorithm besides PCA to get higher accuracy with less number of channels.

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Endoscopic Camera Manipulation planning of a surgical robot using Rapidly-Exploring Random Tree algorithm 15

Endoscopic Camera Manipulation planning of a surgical robot ...

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15th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems, ICCAS 2015

作者： Park, Jae-Hyeon Park, Woo Jung Lee, Chiwon Kim, Myungjoon Kim, Sungwan Kim, H. Jin Department of Aerospace Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering College of Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of Department of Biomedical Engineering Seoul National University College of Medicine Korea Republic of Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9788993215090

In this paper, we propose an automatized Endoscopic Camera Manipulator (ECM) system for da Vinci surgical robot system to relieve surgeon's load in surgery. We also perform a simulation of the ECM motion planning as a basic step for automatized ECM system. We can obtain the motion trajectories of the ECM that make end effector of the ECM to reach a desired target position. We consider the ECM as a four-joint robot arm system and use the RRT (Rapidly-Exploring Random Tree) planning algorithm for this high order joint system. The simulation works properly and it will be helpful in proceeding further research. © 2015 Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems - ICROS.

关键词： Manipulators

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Discovery of rare variants associated with blood pressure regulation through meta-analysis of 1.3 million individuals (vol 52, pg 1314, 2020)

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NATURE GENETICS 2021年第5期53卷 762-762页

作者： Surendran, Praveen Feofanova, Elena V. Lahrouchi, Najim Ntalla, Ioanna Karthikeyan, Savita Cook, James Chen, Lingyan Mifsud, Borbala Yao, Chen Kraja, Aldi T. Cartwright, James H. Hellwege, Jacklyn N. Giri, Ayush Tragante, Vinicius Thorleifsson, Gudmar Liu, Dajiang J. Prins, Bram P. Stewart, Isobel D. Cabrera, Claudia P. Eales, James M. Akbarov, Artur Auer, Paul L. Bielak, Lawrence F. Bis, Joshua C. Braithwaite, Vickie S. Brody, Jennifer A. Daw, E. Warwick Warren, Helen R. Drenos, Fotios Nielsen, Sune Fallgaard Faul, Jessica D. Fauman, Eric B. Fava, Cristiano Ferreira, Teresa Foley, Christopher N. Franceschini, Nora Gao, He Giannakopoulou, Olga Giulianini, Franco Gudbjartsson, Daniel F. Guo, Xiuqing Harris, Sarah E. Havulinna, Aki S. Helgadottir, Anna Huffman, Jennifer E. Hwang, Shih-Jen Kanoni, Stavroula Kontto, Jukka Larson, Martin G. Li-Gao, Ruifang Lindstrom, Jaana Lotta, Luca A. Lu, Yingchang Luan, Jian'an Mahajan, Anubha Malerba, Giovanni Masca, Nicholas G. D. Mei, Hao Menni, Cristina Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. Mosen-Ansorena, David Muller-Nurasyid, Martina Pare, Guillaume Paul, Dirk S. Perola, Markus Poveda, Alaitz Rauramaa, Rainer Richard, Melissa Richardson, Tom G. Sepulveda, Nuno Sim, Xueling Smith, Albert V. Smith, Jennifer A. Staley, James R. Stanakova, Alena Sulem, Patrick Theriault, Sebastien Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur Trompet, Stella Varga, Tibor V. Velez Edwards, Digna R. Veronesi, Giovanni Weiss, Stefan Willems, Sara M. Yao, Jie Young, Robin Yu, Bing Zhang, Weihua Zhao, Jing-Hua Zhao, Wei Zhao, Wei Evangelou, Evangelos Aeschbacher, Stefanie Asllanaj, Eralda Blankenberg, Stefan Bonnycastle, Lori L. Bork-Jensen, Jette Brandslund, Ivan Braund, Peter S. Burgess, Stephen Cho, Kelly Christensen, Cramer Connell, John de Mutsert, Renee Dominiczak, Anna F. Dorr, Marcus Eiriksdottir, Gudny Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni Gaziano, J. Michael Grarup, Niels Grove, Megan L. Hallmans, Goran Hansen, Torben Have, Christian T. Heiss, Gerardo Jorgensen, Marit E. Jousilahti, Pekka Kajantie, Eero Kamat, Mihir Karajamaki, AnneMari Kar British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Health Data Research UK Cambridge Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Rutherford Fund Fellow Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK MRC Biostatistics Unit University of Cambridge Cambridge UK National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals Cambridge UK MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) Population Health Sciences Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK Robertson Centre for Biostatistics University of Glasgow Glasgow UK MRC Epidemiology Unit University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine Cambridge UK Department of Immunology and Inflammation Imperial College London London UK Centre for Non-communicable Disease Research (CNCR) Dhaka Bangladesh National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Blood and Transplant Research Unit (BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Department of Human Genetics Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Center for Non-Communicable Diseases Karachi Pakistan Department of Genetics Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford Oxford UK Human Genetics Center Department of Epidemiology Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA Human Genome Sequencing Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA Cardiovascular Research Center Center for Genomic Medicine

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Publisher Correction: On the issue of transparency and reproducibility in nanomedicine

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Nature nanotechnology 2019年第8期14卷 811页

作者： Hon S Leong Kimberly S Butler C Jeffrey Brinker May Azzawi Steve Conlan Christine Dufès Andrew Owen Steve Rannard Chris Scott Chunying Chen Marina A Dobrovolskaia Serguei V Kozlov Adriele Prina-Mello Ruth Schmid Peter Wick Fanny Caputo Patrick Boisseau Rachael M Crist Scott E McNeil Bengt Fadeel Lang Tran Steffen Foss Hansen Nanna B Hartmann Lauge P W Clausen Lars M Skjolding Anders Baun Marlene Ågerstrand Zhen Gu Dimitrios A Lamprou Clare Hoskins Leaf Huang Wantong Song Huiliang Cao Xuanyong Liu Klaus D Jandt Wen Jiang Betty Y S Kim Korin E Wheeler Andrew J Chetwynd Iseult Lynch Sayed Moein Moghimi André Nel Tian Xia Paul S Weiss Bruno Sarmento José das Neves Hélder A Santos Luis Santos Samir Mitragotri Steve Little Dan Peer Mansoor M Amiji Maria José Alonso Alke Petri-Fink Sandor Balog Aaron Lee Barbara Drasler Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser Stefan Wilhelm Handan Acar Roger G Harrison Chuanbin Mao Priyabrata Mukherjee Rajagopal Ramesh Lacey R McNally Sara Busatto Joy Wolfram Paolo Bergese Mauro Ferrari Ronnie H Fang Liangfang Zhang Jie Zheng Chuanqi Peng Bujie Du Mengxiao Yu Danielle M Charron Gang Zheng Chiara Pastore Department of Urology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA. Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA. Department of Nanobiology Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM USA. Center for Micro-Engineered Materials University of New Mexico Albuquerque Albuquerque NM USA. Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA. Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA. UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA. Cardiovascular Research Group School of Healthcare Science Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK. British Society for Nanomedicine Liverpool UK. Institute of Life Science Swansea University Medical School Swansea University Swansea UK. Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK. Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Institute of Translational Medicine University of Liverpool Liverpool UK. Department of Chemistry School of Physical Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK. Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology Queen's University of Belfast Belfast UK. National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China Beijing China. Cancer Research Technology Program Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Frederick MD USA. Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program Center for Advanced Preclinical Research Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Frederick MD USA. Trinity Translational Medicine Institute Department of Clinical Medicine Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland. Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials Trinity Translational Medicine Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland. Nanomedicine Group Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) centre Centre

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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Amplitude-integrated EEG Processing and its Performance for Automatic Seizure Detection

Amplitude-integrated EEG Processing and its Performance for ...

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IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications

作者： Chavin Satirasethawong Apiwat Lek-uthai Krisnachai Chomtho Biomedical Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781479989973

Amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) is an easy-to-use screening tool for monitoring electrical seizures which is widely used in hospitals nowadays. The purpose of this paper is to develop the process for creating aEEG in details and to present an algorithm for a single-channel automatic seizure detection. To create an aEEG signal, a raw EEG signal was passed through a band-pass filter, peak-to-peak rectification, smoothing, semilogarithmic compression and time compression. The processed signal was qualitatively evaluated by widely used commercial software. The algorithm was developed based on statistic methods and tested with CHB-MIT Scalp EEG Database in order to detect seizures which last longer than 50 seconds (total 85 seizures with annotations in 683 EDF files) from a single selected channel of each data record which has maximum amplitude in ictal period. The performance measurement showed average sensitivity of 88.50% (33.33-100.00%), false detection rate of 0.18 (0.00-0.58) false positives per hour and the percentage of false detection duration of 0.34% (0.00-0.93%). The results showed that aEEG with automatic seizure detection developed by our process was an effective screening tool to monitor seizures.

关键词： Amplitude-integrated EEG Seizure Detection CHB-MIT Scalp EEG Database Seizures Cerebral function analysing monitor Data logging Epilepsy Time compression AUTOMATIC tool monitor Performance metrics ANNOTATIONS

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Search for anisotropic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo’s first three observing runs

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Physical Review D 2021年第2期104卷 022005-022005页

作者： R. Abbott T. D. Abbott S. Abraham F. Acernese K. Ackley A. Adams C. Adams R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith T. Akutsu K. M. Aleman G. Allen A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier S. Appert Koya Arai Koji Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud S. M. Aronson H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin P. Aufmuth K. AultONeal C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer M. Bals A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar R. S. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal M. G. Benjamin T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser R. Bhandare A. V. Bhandari D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik J. Bidler I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn J. Blackman C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. E. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant A. Buikema T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio D. Buskulic R. L. Byer L. Cadonati M. Caesar G. Cagnoli C. Cahillane H. W. Cain, III J. Calderón Bustillo J. LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia Christopher Newport University Newport News Virginia 23606 USA LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI) I-67100 L’Aquila Italy INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso I-67100 Assergi Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Università di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan California State University Fullerton Fullerton California 92831 USA NCSA University of Illinois

We report results from searches for anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from the first three observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. For the first time, we include Virgo data in our analysis and run our search with a new efficient pipeline called pystoch on data folded over one sidereal day. We use gravitational-wave radiometry (broadband and narrow band) to produce sky maps of stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and to search for gravitational waves from point sources. A spherical harmonic decomposition method is employed to look for gravitational-wave emission from spatially-extended sources. Neither technique found evidence of gravitational-wave signals. Hence we derive 95% confidence-level upper limit sky maps on the gravitational-wave energy flux from broadband point sources, ranging from Fα,Θ<(0.013–7.6)×10−8 erg cm−2 s−1 Hz−1, and on the (normalized) gravitational-wave energy density spectrum from extended sources, ranging from Ωα,Θ<(0.57–9.3)×10−9 sr−1, depending on direction (Θ) and spectral index (α). These limits improve upon previous limits by factors of 2.9–3.5. We also set 95% confidence level upper limits on the frequency-dependent strain amplitudes of quasimonochromatic gravitational waves coming from three interesting targets, Scorpius X-1, SN 1987A and the Galactic Center, with best upper limits range from h0<(1.7–2.1)×10−25, a factor of ≥2.0 improvement compared to previous stochastic radiometer searches.

关键词： Experimental studies of gravity General relativity Gravitational waves

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Abstracts and Workshops 7th National Spinal Cord Injury Conference November 9-11, 2017 Fallsview Casino Resort Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada Abstracts

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JOURNAL OF SPINAL CORD MEDICINE 2017年第6期40卷 813-869页

作者： [Anonymous] a NET Team Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network Toronto ON Canada. fo Neural Engineering and Therapeutic Team Lyndhurst Centre Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network Toronto ON Canada. c Rick Hansen Institute Vancouver BC Canada. ev Rick Hansen Institute Vancouver BC Canada. fc Stan Cassidy Hospital University of New Brunswick Fredericton NB Canada. fd Dalhousie University Halifax NS Canada. e University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada. aa University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada. y Dalhousie University Halifax NS Canada. fa Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg MB Canada. fb University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada. h University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada. i Universite Laval Quebe c City QC Canada. bd Rick Hansen Institute Vancouver BC Canada. fz Clinician Investigator Lyndhurst Centre Toronto Rehabilitation Institute University Health Network and Assistant Professor Department of Medicine Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Toronto. v University of Toront o Toronto ON Canada. n Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada. o Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network Toronto ON Canada. ga Clinical Scientist Lyndhurst Centre Toronto Rehabilitation Institute University Health Network and Assistant Professor Department of Physical Therapy University of Toronto. dx Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada. fm Lawson Health Research Institute London ON Canada. r Parkwood Institute London ON Canada. bi Parkwood Institute London ON Canada. s University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada. t Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada. u DeltaQuest Foundation Concord MA USA. z Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) Quebec City QC Ca

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Sham tDCS: A hidden source of variability? Reflections for further blinded, controlled trials

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L'Encéphale 2019年 45卷 S76-S76页

作者： Clara Fonteneau Marine Mondino Martijn Arns Chris Baeken Marom Bikson Andre R. Brunoni Matthew J. Burke Tuomas Neuvonen Frank Padberg Alvaro Pascual-Leone Emmanuel Poulet Giulio Ruffini Emiliano Santarnecchi Anne Sauvaget Klaus Schellhorn Marie-Françoise Suaud-Chagny Ulrich Palm Jérome Brunelin Inserm U1028 CNRS UMR5292 Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team 69000 France University Lyon 1 Villeurbanne 69000 France Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier Lyon 69000 France neuroCare Group GmbH Munich Germany Research Institute Brainclinics Nijmegen The Netherlands Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology Ghent University Hospital Ghent University Ghent Belgium Department of Psychiatry University Hospital UZBrussel Brussels Belgium Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab Ghent Belgium Department of Biomedical Engineering The City College of New York New York City New York USA Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital LMU Munich Germany Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (SIN) Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry (INBioN) Department and Institute of Psychiatry University of São Paulo Medical School São Paulo Brazil Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA Sooma Oy Kuortaneenkatu 2 00510 Helsinki Finland Neuroelectrics Corporation 210 Broadway 02139 Cambridge MA USA CHU de Nantes Psychiatric Neuromodulation Unit Addictology and Liaison-Psychiatry Department Nantes University Hospital France Laboratory “Movement Interactions Performance” (E.A. 4334) Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes Nantes France

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique increasingly used to modulate neural activity in the living brain. In order to establish the neurophysiological, cognitive or clinical effect of tDCS, most studies compare the effects of active tDCS to those observed with a sham tDCS intervention. In most cases, sham tDCS consists in delivering an active stimulation for a few seconds to mimic the sensations observed with active tDCS and keep participants blind to the intervention. However, to date, sham-controlled tDCS studies yield inconsistent results, which might arise in part from sham inconsistencies. Indeed, even if most studies report using similar approaches as described in an early study by Gandiga et al. (2006,) [1] , the original protocol (i.e., 10 s ramp-up followed by 30 s of active stimulation at 1 mA before manually turning off the stimulator) has been largely modified, adjusting (a) the intensity and duration of active current being delivered (from “no current” to 2 minutes at 1 mA), (b) the duration of ramp-in and ramp-out phases (e.g. 5–30 s), and (c) the number of ramps done throughout the stimulation. Therefore, this multiplicity of sham stimulation protocols, used in the tDCS research field, might have different biological effects beyond the intended transient sensations. Here, we seek to enlighten the scientific community to this possible confounding factor in order to increase reproducibility of neurophysiological, cognitive and clinical tDCS studies.

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Upper limits on the isotropic gravitational-wave background from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo’s third observing run

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Physical Review D 2021年第2期104卷 022004-022004页

作者： R. Abbott T. D. Abbott S. Abraham F. Acernese K. Ackley A. Adams C. Adams R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain T. Akutsu K. M. Aleman G. Allen A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier S. Appert Koya Arai Koji Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud S. M. Aronson H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin P. Aufmuth K. AultONeal C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer M. Bals A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar R. S. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo S. Barnum F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal M. G. Benjamin T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser R. Bhandare A. V. Bhandari D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik J. Bidler I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn J. Blackman C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. E. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant A. Buikema T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio D. Buskulic R. L. Byer L. Cadonati M. Caesar G. Cagnoli C. Cahillane H. W. Cain, III J. Calderón Bustillo J. LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia Christopher Newport University Newport News Virginia 23606 USA LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI) I-67100 L’Aquila Italy INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso I-67100 Assergi Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Università di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan California State University Fullerton Fullerton California 92831 USA NCSA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA Università di Napoli “Federico II” Complesso Universitario

We report results of a search for an isotropic gravitational-wave background (GWB) using data from Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s third observing run (O3) combined with upper limits from the earlier O1 and O2 runs. Unlike in previous observing runs in the advanced detector era, we include Virgo in the search for the GWB. The results of the search are consistent with uncorrelated noise, and therefore we place upper limits on the strength of the GWB. We find that the dimensionless energy density ΩGW≤5.8×10−9 at the 95% credible level for a flat (frequency-independent) GWB, using a prior which is uniform in the log of the strength of the GWB, with 99% of the sensitivity coming from the band 20–76.6 Hz; ΩGW(f)≤3.4×10−9 at 25 Hz for a power-law GWB with a spectral index of 2/3 (consistent with expectations for compact binary coalescences), in the band 20–90.6 Hz; and ΩGW(f)≤3.9×10−10 at 25 Hz for a spectral index of 3, in the band 20–291.6 Hz. These upper limits improve over our previous results by a factor of 6.0 for a flat GWB, 8.8 for a spectral index of 2/3, and 13.1 for a spectral index of 3. We also search for a GWB arising from scalar and vector modes, which are predicted by alternative theories of gravity; we do not find evidence of these, and place upper limits on the strength of GWBs with these polarizations. We demonstrate that there is no evidence of correlated noise of magnetic origin by performing a Bayesian analysis that allows for the presence of both a GWB and an effective magnetic background arising from geophysical Schumann resonances. We compare our upper limits to a fiducial model for the GWB from the merger of compact binaries, updating the model to use the most recent data-driven population inference from the systems detected during O3a. Finally, we combine our results with observations of individual mergers and show that, at design sensitivity, this joint approach may yield stronger constraints on the merger rate of binary black holes at z≳2

关键词： Gravitational wave detection

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