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PD-1 blockade-unresponsive human tumor-infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells are marked by loss of CD28 expression and rescued by IL-15

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第2期18卷 385-397页

作者： Kyung Hwan Kim Hong Kwan Kim Hyung-Don Kim Chang Gon Kim Hoyoung Lee Ji Won Han Seong Jin Choi Seongju Jeong Minwoo Jeon Hyunglae Kim Jiae Koh Bo Mi Ku Su-Hyung Park Myung-Ju Ahn Eui-Cheol Shin Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea Research Institute for Future Medicine Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Radiation Oncology Yonsei Cancer CenterYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea Division of Hematology-Oncology Department of MedicineSamsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea

Blockade of programmed death-1(PD-1)reinvigorates exhausted CD8^(+)T cells,resulting in tumor regression in cancer ***,reinvigoration of exhausted CD8^(+)T cells following PD-1 blockade was shown to be CD28-dependent in mouse ***,we examined the role of CD28 in anti-PD-1 antibody-induced human T cell reinvigoration using tumor-infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells(CD8^(+)TILs)obtained from non-small-cell lung cancer ***-cell analysis demonstrated a distinct expression pattern of CD28 between mouse and human CD8^(+)***,we found that human CD28^(+)CD8^(+)but not CD28^(–)CD8^(+)TILs responded to PD-1 blockade irrespective of B7/CD28 blockade,indicating that CD28 costimulation in human CD8^(+)TILs is dispensable for PD-1 blockade-induced reinvigoration and that loss of CD28 expression serves as a marker of anti-PD-1 antibody-unresponsive CD8^(+)*** and phenotypically,PD-1 blockade-unresponsive human CD28^(–)PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)TILs exhibited characteristics of terminally exhausted CD8^(+)T cells with low TCF1 ***,CD28^(–)PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)TILs had preserved machinery to respond to IL-15,and IL-15 treatment enhanced the proliferation of CD28^(–)PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)TILs as well as CD28^(+)PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)*** together,these results show that loss of CD28 expression is a marker of PD-1 blockade-unresponsive human CD8^(+)TILs with a TCF1–signature and provide mechanistic insights into combining IL-15 with anti-PD-1 antibodies.

关键词： anti-PD-1 T cells TCF1 CD28 IL-15

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Numerical Evaluation of Low-Head Inverted Cross-Flow Turbine Design Methodology: A Comprehensive Study

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ha, Hojin Ham, Sangwoo Ehsan, Adeeb Lee, Jeong Wan Interdisciplinary Program in Biohealth-Machinery Convergence Engineering Kangwon National University 1 Kangwondaehak-gil Gangwon-do Chuncheon-si24341 Korea Republic of Division of Mechanical & Biomedical Mechatronics and Materials Science and Engineering Kangwon National University 1 Kangwondaehak-gil Gangwon-do Chuncheon-si24341 Korea Republic of Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology Kangwon National University 1 Kangwondaehak-gil Gangwon-do Chuncheon-si24341 Korea Republic of

In this study, we aim to address the challenges of micro-hydropower generation in low-head environments. The authors reviewed and assessed various factors affecting the feasibility of micro-hydro systems, such as geographical constraints, construction costs, and grid connectivity. To overcome the limitations of conventional hydro turbines in such conditions, the authors proposed a novel cross-flow turbine. Initially, they designed and analyzed an inverted cross-flow turbine based on design rules established by previous researchers and performed numerical analyses. Four steps parametric studies were conducted to achieved optimum turbine values, such as runner diameter ratio and the number of blades, considering the maximum efficiency point from the previous step. The best efficiency point of the optimized design turbine was 72.92 % at a runner rotational speed of 170 RPM with a 0.75 runner diameter ratio and 35 blades. To validate the optimized design, the authors compared it with the initial design using hill charts and numerical values obtained from parametric studies. Overall, this research demonstrates the usefulness of computational fluid dynamics simulations and parametric studies in optimizing the design of an inverted cross-flow turbine under low head conditions. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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Guava Trees Disease Monitoring Using the Integration of Machine Learning and Predictive Analytics 3

Guava Trees Disease Monitoring Using the Integration of Mach...

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3rd Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference, NILES 2021

作者： Elsayed, Mahmoud Hassan, Nourhan Maher, Marina Waleed, Nouran Reda, Rehab Eldin, Haitham Sharaf Mostafa, Hassan The American University of Cairo Mechatronics Department Egypt Nile University Giza12677 Egypt Communication Engineering Alexandria University Egypt Biomedical Engineering Cairo University Egypt Tanta University Egypt Cairo University Faculty of Science Biophysics Department Egypt Cairo University Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department Giza Egypt University of Science and technology Nanotechnology and Nanoelectronics Program Zewail City of Science and Technology October Gardens 6th of October Giza12578 Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421577

The increase in population, food demand, and the pollution levels of the environment are considered major problems of this era. For these reasons, the traditional ways of farming are no longer suitable for early and accurate detection of biotic stress. Recently, precision agriculture has been extensively used as a potential solution for the aforementioned problems using high resolution optical sensors and data analysis methods that are able to cope with the resolution, size and complexity of the signals from these sensors. In this paper, several methods of machine learning have been utilized in order to study pests, their types, population, and agricultural conditions in terms of soil and climate for some crops such as potatoes, guava, and cotton, which are among the main Egyptian crops. In the process of obtaining a suitable estimate of insects population affecting each of the aforementioned crops, a hardware model control, based on the results provided by the predictive analysis, an estimate of the electromagnetic force is applied to the cultivated areas to get rid of the pests as well as giving a background to farmers about the possibility of infecting a crop such as Potato with Late Blight, according to climatic conditions. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Model predictive control

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Antimicrobial Photodynamic Effectiveness of Light Emitting Diode (Led) for Inactivation on Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria and Wound Healing in Infectious Wound Mice 3

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Effectiveness of Light Emitting D...

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3rd Annual Scientific Meeting on Medical Physics and Biophysics, PIT-FMB in conjunction with the 17th South-East Asia Congress of Medical Physics, SEACOMP 2019

作者： Astuti, S.D. Ardyana, Y. Arifianto, D. Winarno Puspita, P.S. Yuwana, Y.G.Y. Pradhana, A.A.S. Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Technology Airlangga University Surabaya Indonesia Biomedical Engineering Program Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Technology Airlangga University Surabaya Indonesia Faculty of Vocational Airlangga University Surabaya Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) LEDs of 392 nm and 628 nm red LEDs for photoinactivation on Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and the photodynamic effectiveness of therapy for wound healing in mice in vivo. The sample used was Staphylococcus aureus bacterial isolate which was infected on mice incision wounds. The LED exposure was carried out at the energy density of 19.44 J/cm2, respectively. In vitro test samples were divided into three groups, namely (P0): control group, (P1): LED treatment group 392 nm, (P2): LED treatment group 628 and (P3): LED combination treatment group 392 and 628 nm. In the in vivo test, the mice of infectious wound models were divided into 5 namely (M+): positive control group, (M-): negative control group, (M1): LED treatment group 392 nm, (M2): LED treatment group 628 and (M3): LED combination treatment group 392 and 628 nm. The results of in vitro studies showed an increase in the photoinactivation effect on LED exposure, with the effectiveness of inactivation on the LED 392 nm at 67.10%. The effect of photoinactivation of bacteria on wounds in vivo due to photodynamic therapy in the red LED exposure group was 88%, blue LED exposure group was 94%, exposure combination group of red and blue LEDs was 95%. So, the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy LEDs are effective for bacterial inactivation and accelerate wound healing in mice. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Light emitting diodes

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Contribution of Virtual Reality Technology to Increase Student Interest in Vocational High Schools

Contribution of Virtual Reality Technology to Increase Stude...

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2021 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Application, ISITIA 2021

作者： Maulana, Fairuz Iqbal Pangestu, Gusti Sano, Albert Verasius Dian Purnomo, Agung Rahmadika, Sandi Widartha, Vandha Pradwiyasma Bina Nusantara University School of Computer Science Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Bina Nusantara University Binus Business School Undergraduate Program Entrepreneurship Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Graduate School Pknu Pukyong National University Interdisciplinary Program of Information Security Busan Korea Republic of Telkom University Information System of Industrial Engineering Faculty Bandung Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665428477

This research investigates the feasibility of school-based learning using Virtual Reality technology in Electric Power Generation learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research employs a qualitative approach. Vocational High School Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo is the site of this study. Data was gathered through observation, literature review, and interviews. In the Electrical engineering section, interviews were conducted with a teaching instructor. Triangulation was used to investigate the data's authenticity, in addition to further interviews with the curriculum staff and instructors at the school. The teacher's assessment of learning media using Virtual Reality application technology shows valid criteria with an average value of 3.6. In comparison, after using the Virtual Reality application learning media, the assessment of students obtained an average value of 3.77 compared to conventional assessments with an interval of 2.71. The use of Virtual Reality technology has proven that it can help and facilitate student learning. The use of technologies of Virtual Reality as a means of learning in classrooms will also be an alternate option for virtual laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Recent advances in genome-scale engineering in Escherichia coli and their applications

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engineering Microbiology 2024年第1期4卷 28-38页

作者： Hui Gao Zhichao Qiu Xuan Wang Xiyuan Zhang Yujia Zhang Junbiao Dai Zhuobin Liang Institute of Molecular Physiology Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhen 518132China CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics.Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China Regenerative Medicine Program Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research(IDIBELL)and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia(P-CMRC)L’Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelona 08908Spain Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science Barcelona UniversityBarcelona 08028Spain College of Life Sciences Northwest A&F UniversityShaanxi 712100China Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518120China

Owing to the rapid advancement of genome engineering technologies,the scale of genome engineering has expanded *** editing has progressed from one genomic alteration at a time that could only be employed in few species,to the simultaneous generation of multiple modifications across many genomic loci in numerous *** development and recent advances in multiplex automated genome engineering(MAGE)-associated technologies and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and their associated protein(CRISPR-Cas)-based approaches,together with genome-scale synthesis technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for advancing genome-scale engineering in a broader *** approaches provide new tools to generate strains with desired phenotypes,understand the complexity of biological systems,and directly evolve a genome with novel ***,we review the recent major advances in genome-scale engineering tools developed for Escherichia coli,focusing on their applications in identifying essential genes,genome reduction,recoding,and beyond.

关键词： Genome-scale engineering E.coli Recombineering CRISPR-Cas

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Inorganic Ions Activate Lineage-Specific Gene Regulatory Networks to Drive Stem Cells Differentiation

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Kersey, Anna L. Gaharwar, Akhilesh K. Singh, Irtisha Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Department of Cell Biology and Genetics College of Medicine Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Department of Material Science and Engineering Dwight Look College of Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States

Ions released from inorganic biomaterials play a vital role in defining cell identity. However, the effect of inorganic ions on cellular functions has yet to be investigated at the transcriptomic level, representing a critical knowledge gap in the development of next-generation of bioactive materials. To address this gap, we investigated the impact of various inorganic ions including silver, copper, titanium, and platinum on human stem cells. Our finding showed that silver and copper induce osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation respectively, through enrichment of ion-dependent signaling pathways. Specifically, silver effectively induced Wnt and MAPK signaling, which are vital for osteogenesis. On the other hand, copper specifically stimulated TGFβ signaling, while suppressing JAK-STAT signaling, thereby promoting chondrogenesis. In contrast, platinum, tantalum, and titanium ions didn't stimulate regenerative responses. Titanium displayed minimal gene expression changes, demonstrating its relative inertness, while platinum and tantalum induced oxidative stress. These findings are further supported by gene and protein level validation using traditional techniques. Together, our findings highlight the potential of inorganic biomaterials in revolutionizing tissue regeneration strategies, which currently rely largely on growth factors and small molecule therapeutics. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stem cells

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Brain Function Analysis Using EEG Evidence: New Insights into English Paper-Based Versus Computer-Based Tests

Brain Function Analysis Using EEG Evidence: New Insights int...

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biomedical engineering International Conference (BMEiCON)

作者： Thapanee Khemanuwong Thanate Angsuwatanakul Ekkapon Phairot Keiji Iramina Tasawan Puttasakul Nagorn Bunyarit School of Liberal Arts King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok Thailand College of Biomedical Engineering Rangsit University Pathum Thani Thailand Faculty of Education Songkhla Rajabhat University Songkhla Thailand Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences School of Interdisciplinary Science and Innovation Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan College of Innovation and Industrial Management King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798331505431

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505448

In today's disruptive era, where digital systems and the internet are central, assessment methods are transitioning from paper-based to computer-based tests. As digital technology becomes more accessible, there is growing interest in determining whether these new formats provide more effective means of evaluating learning outcomes. To investigate this, we examined performance and objective measures of brain function during both computer-based and paper-based reading comprehension tests. This study focuses on brain function analysis of computer-based and paper-based tests measured by EEG signals. Five healthy students at the Bl CEFR level voluntarily participated in two experimental conditions: paper-based testing (PBT) and computer-based testing (CBT). During the tests, EEG signals were recorded and analyzed using MATLAB to identify various features of brain activity. The results indicate that participants who performed better on paper-based tests showed greater familiarity with the test format. The power spectral density of EEG recordings, along with the average frequency of alpha and beta waves, were positively correlated with test familiarity. Specifically, the correlation coefficients were as follows: CBT-difficult $(r=0.82, p < 0.05)$ , CBT -easy $(r=0.82,p < 0.05)$ , PBT -difficult $(r=0.82, \mathrm{p} < 0.05)$ , and PBT -easy $(r=0.65,p < 0.05)$ .

关键词： Correlation coefficient Brain Atmospheric measurements Digital systems Particle measurements Electroencephalography Recording MATLAB Testing biomedical engineering

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Microbiota-dependent early-life programming of gastrointestinal motility

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iScience 2024年第10期27卷 110895页

作者： Frith, Mary E. Kashyap, Purna C. Linden, David R. Theriault, Betty Chang, Eugene B. Interdisciplinary Scientist Training Program University of Chicago Chicago 60637 IL United States Department of Medicine University of Chicago Chicago 60637 IL United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester 55905 MN United States Enteric Neuroscience Program Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering Mayo Clinic Rochester 55905 MN United States Department of Surgery University of Chicago Chicago 60637 IL United States

Gastrointestinal microbes modulate peristalsis and stimulate the enteric nervous system (ENS), whose development, as in the central nervous system (CNS), continues into the murine postweaning period. Given that adult CNS function depends on stimuli received during critical periods of postnatal development, we hypothesized that adult ENS function, namely motility, depends on microbial stimuli during similar critical periods. We gave fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to germ-free mice at weaning or as adults and found that only the mice given FMT at weaning recovered normal transit, while those given FMT as adults showed limited improvements. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of colonic muscularis propria revealed enrichments in neuron developmental pathways in mice exposed to gut microbes earlier in life, while mice exposed later—or not at all—showed exaggerated expression of inflammatory pathways. These findings highlight a microbiota-dependent sensitive period in ENS development, pointing to potential roles of the early-life microbiome in later-life dysmotility. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Developmental neuroscience Microbiome Neuroscience

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Effect of alginate and chitosan addition in the fabrication of polyvinyl alcohol-based matrix for tissue engineering applications

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3215卷

作者： Retno Wahyu Nurhayati Fatimah Azzahra Nuzli Fahdia Mazfufah Siti Fauziyah Rahman Wildan Mubarok Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia 16464 Depok Indonesia Research Center for Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia 16464 Depok Indonesia Stem Cells & Tissue Engineering Cluster Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia Jakarta 10430 Indonesia Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia Jakarta 10430 Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia 16464 Depok Indonesia Division of Chemical Engineering Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 560-0031 Toyonaka Japan

Recently, there has been a growing interest in artificial skin on hydrogels as a potential alternative for animal testing to evaluate the efficacy and safety of new drugs or cosmetics. Synthetic polymers have been widely used due to their superior physicochemical properties. However, synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are limited by their poor biocompatibility and cell adhesion. Combining synthetic and natural polymers can improve these properties. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of alginate and chitosan addition to PVA-based hydrogels on protein adsorption, cell viability and cell attachment. The addition of chitosan decreased protein adsorption, which was caused by the changes in electrostatic charge by PVA-chitosan interaction and changes in surface roughness. Primary human fibroblast cells cultured on PVA, PVA-alginate and PVA-chitosan had >80% viability which indicates the cytocompatibility of the hydrogels. More importantly, alginate and chitosan also improved the cell attachment on the PVA-based hydrogels. Taken together, the addition of both alginate and chitosan has the potential to improve PVA-based hydrogels for artificial skin application.

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