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Zwitterionic modified and freeze-thaw reinforced foldable hydrogel as intraocular lens for posterior capsule opacification prevention

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Biomaterials 2024年 309卷 122593-122593页

作者： Yang, Cheng-Jui Huang, Wei-Lun Yang, Yu Kuan, Chen-Hsiang Tseng, Ching-Li Wang, Tzu-Wei Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Ophthalmology National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Cchu Branch Hsinchu Taiwan Interdisciplinary Program of Life Science and Medicine National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Division of Plastic Surgery Department of Surgery National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a predominant postoperative complication, often leading to visual impairment due to the aberrant proliferation and adhesion of lens epithelial cells (LECs) and protein precipitates subsequent to intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. To address this clinical issue, a foldable and antifouling sharp-edged IOL implant based on naturally-derived cellulose hydrogel is synthesized. The mechanical strength and transparency of the hydrogel is enhanced via repeated freeze-thaw (FT) cycles. The incorporated zwitterionic modifications can remarkably prevent the incidence of PCO by exhibiting proteins repulsion and cell anti-adhesion properties. The graft of dopamine onto both the haptic and the periphery of the posterior surface ensures the adhesion of the hydrogel to the posterior capsule and impedes the migration of LECs without compromising transparency. In in vivo study, the zwitterionic modified foldable hydrogel exhibits uveal and capsular biocompatibility synchronously with no signs of inflammatory response and prevent PCO formation, better than that of commercialized and PEG-modified IOL. With foldability, endurability, antifouling effect, and adhesive to posterior capsule, the reported hydrogel featuring heterogeneous surface design displays great potential to eradicate PCO and attain post-operative efficacy after cataract surgery. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Hydrogels

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First-order phase transitions in Yang-Mills theories and the density of state method

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Physical Review D 2023年第7期108卷 074517-074517页

作者： Biagio Lucini David Mason Maurizio Piai Enrico Rinaldi Davide Vadacchino Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science and Engineering Swansea University Fabian Way Swansea SA1 8EN Wales United Kingdom and Swansea Academy of Advanced Computing Swansea University Fabian Way Swansea SA1 8EN Wales United Kingdom Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Engineering Swansea University Singleton Park Swansea SA2 8PP Wales United Kingdom and Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science and Engineering Swansea University Fabian Way Swansea SA1 8EN Wales United Kingdom Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Engineering Swansea University Singleton Park Swansea SA2 8PP Wales United Kingdom Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Science Program RIKEN (iTHEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan School of Mathematics and Hamilton Mathematics Institute Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland and Centre for Mathematical Sciences University of Plymouth Plymouth PL4 8AA United Kingdom

When studied at finite temperature, Yang-Mills theories in 3+1 dimensions display the presence of confinement/deconfinement phase transitions, which are known to be of first order—the SU(2) gauge theory being the exception. Theoretical as well as phenomenological considerations indicate that it is essential to establish a precise characterization of these physical systems in proximity of such phase transitions. We present and test a new method to study the critical region of parameter space in non-Abelian quantum field theories on the lattice, based upon the logarithmic linear relaxation (LLR) algorithm. We apply this method to the SU(3) Yang-Mills lattice gauge theory, and perform extensive calculations with one fixed choice of lattice size. We identify the critical temperature, and measure interesting physical quantities near the transition. Among them, we determine the free energy of the model in the critical region, exposing for the first time its multivalued nature with a numerical calculation from first principles, providing this novel evidence in support of a first-order phase transition. This study sets the stage for future high-precision measurements, by demonstrating the potential of the method.

关键词： Color confinement Confinement First order phase transitions Lattice field theory Lattice gauge theory Heatbath algorithm Numerical approximation & analysis

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Muscle coactivation analysis for neuromuscular control assessment of lower limb stretch-shortening cycle

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Gait & Posture 2023年 106卷 S175-S176页

作者： Rodrigues, Carlos Correia, Miguel Abrantes, João Benedetti, Marco Nadal, Jurandir Faculty of Engineering- University of Porto Biomedical Engineering Program Porto Portugal INESC TEC - Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering- Technology and Science C-BER - Centre for Biomedical Engineering Research Porto Portugal Faculty of Engineering- University of Porto Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Porto Portugal CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication- Culture and New Technologies MovLab - Laboratory of Technologies for Interactions and Interfaces Lisbon Portugal Federal University of Pernambuco Department of Electronic and Systems Recife Brazil Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Biomedical Engineering Program Rio de Janeiro Brazil

IntroductionMuscle stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) is a central mechanism with lower limb muscle contraction immediately preceded by muscle stretch for efficient submaximal activities such as gait and powerful maximal activities such as running and jumping [1,2]. Research questionAlthough muscle SSC can be observed at gait and running its higher expression and accessibility is performed on standard maximum vertical jump (MVJ) with an open issue on neuromuscular control assessment of lower limb muscle SSC [3]. MethodsFor this purpose, we present and applied noninvasive subject specific analysis of lower limb muscle coactivation for selected muscles with higher contribution during MVJ impulse based on corresponding conditioned surface electromyographic signals (sEMG). Selected muscles correspond to lower limb muscles vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and medial gastrocnemius (MG). Twenty-seven trials were assessed corresponding for each subject to the highest MVJ based on larger flight time with long SSC at countermovement jump (CMJ), short SSC at drop jump (DJ) and squat jump (SJ) with no SSC. Trial sample is composed by a group of six young adult volunteers’ students on sports and physical education degree with the ages (21.5 ± 1.4) years, (76.7 ± 9.3) kg mass and (1.79 ± 0.06) m height. Surface skin was prepared and Aqua-Wet gel Skintact F55 electrodes were applied at bipolar configuration as indicated by SENIAN. VM, RF, VL, LG and MG sEMG linear envelopes were paired plotted with the area under the curves computed as well as the coactivation pairs defined as the common area under the curves normalized to the sum of the corresponding pair individual areas under the curves. Coactivations were compared at CMJ, DJ and SJ as well as among CMJ, DJ and SJ, Fig. 1. ResultsStrongest coactivations with decreasing intensity were detected between VM-RF and LG-MG muscles at CMJ and SJ, whereas at DJ the strongest coacti

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Local Divergence-Free Immersed Finite Element-Difference Method Using Composite B-Splines

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Lianxia Gruninger, Cole Lee, Jae H. Griffith, Boyce E. Department of Mathematics University of North Carolina Chapel HillNC United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina Chapel HillNC United States Carolina Center for Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics University of North Carolina Chapel HillNC United States Computational Medicine Program University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel HillNC United States McAllister Heart Institute University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel HillNC United States

In the class of immersed boundary (IB) methods, the choice of the regularized delta function plays a crucial role in transferring information between fluid and solid domains through interpolation and spreading operators. Most prior work using the IB method has used isotropic kernels that do not preserve the divergence-free condition of the velocity field, leading to loss of incompressibility of the solid when interpolating the Eulerian velocity to Lagrangian markers. To address this issue, in simulations involving large deformations of incompressible hyperelastic structures immersed in fluid, researchers often use a volumetric stabilization approach such as adding a volumetric energy term and using modified invariants in the constitutive model of the immersed structure. Composite B-spline (CBS) kernels offer an alternative approach by inherently maintaining the discrete divergence-free property. This work evaluates the performance of CBS kernels in terms of their volume conservation and accuracy, comparing them with several traditional isotropic kernel functions using a construction introduced by Peskin (referred to as IB kernels) and B-spline (BS) kernels. Benchmark tests include pressure-loaded and shear-dominated flows, such as an elastic band under differential pressure loads, a pressurized membrane, a compressed block, Cook’s membrane, a slanted channel flow, and a modified Turek-Hron problem. Additionally, we validate our methodology using a complex fluid-structure interaction model of bioprosthetic heart valve dynamics in a pulse duplicator. Results demonstrate that CBS kernels achieve superior volume conservation compared to conventional isotropic kernels, eliminating the need for additional volumetric stabilization techniques typically required to address instabilities arising from volume conservation errors. Further, CBS kernels achieve convergence on coarser fluid grids, while IB and BS kernels need finer grids for comparable accuracy. Unlike IB and BS ke

关键词： Delta functions

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Linearity assessment between lower limb joint angles and angular accelerations at standard maximum vertical jumps with long-short and no countermovement

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Gait & Posture 2023年 106卷 S174-S175页

IntroductionStandard maximum vertical jump (MVJ) has been applied to assess lower limb long countermovement (CM) on countermovement jump (CMJ) and short CM on drop jump (DJ) for comparison to squat jump (SJ) without CM [1,2]. Research questionNevertheless, the ability for lower limb joint accelerations depending on lower limb joint angles at long, short and no CM remains an open issue [3,4], in particular linearity assessment of these relations at long, short and no CM in association with MVJ whole-body impulsion. MethodsFor this reason, we applied piecewise linear detection of segmented subphases on lower limb joint angles ( θ)-angular acceleration ( α) diagrams for the hip (H), knee (K) and ankle (A) during impulse phases on CMJ, DJ and SJ. Selected sample corresponds to best MVJ trials based on higher flight-time of 3 CMJ, DJ and SJ repetitions for six healthy untrained subjects with ages (21.5±1.4) years, (76.7±9.3)kg mass and (1.79±0.06)m height. Adhesive reflective markers were applied at lower limb and torso, with sagittal hip, knee, and ankle θ, α obtained by inverse kinematics. H,K,A ( θ, α) diagrams were plotted and impulsion subphases segmented at selected instants of ∂ a/∂ q phase reversal with linear fit by the least-squares method, Fig. 1. Fig. 1. Hip, knee, ankle joint ( θ, α) diagrams at CMJ, DJ, SJ with segmented subphases time span(Δt), |∂α/∂θ| slope magnitudes and R² linear fit regression. ResultsSJ presented larger number of ( θ, α) subphases than DJ, both larger than CMJ with higher |∂ α/∂ θ| variation at DJ and SJ than CMJ, pointing to higher complexity of neuromuscular control and contributing to explain reduced SJ, DJ performance without CM (0.33±0.05)m and with short CM (0.27±0.03)m in relation to CMJ with long CM (0.36±0.04)m for untrained selected subjects, Fig. 1. Thus, despite the larger total time span Δt at CMJ (0.76±0.10)s in relation to SJ (0.36±0.08)s and DJ (0.23±0.05)s, CMJ presented lower number of subphases with longer time span

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Proximity-Based COVID-19 Contact Tracing System Devices for Locally Problems Solution

Proximity-Based COVID-19 Contact Tracing System Devices for ...

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International Seminar on Research of Information Technology and Intelligent Systems (ISRITI)

作者： Ainul Fitriyah Lubis Basari Biomedical Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok West Java Indonesia Research Center for Biomedical Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok West Java Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9781728184067

ISBN: (纸本)9781728184074

COVID-19 contact tracing is one of preventive solution to slow down the spread of the virus. Some of countries have been implementing manual contact tracing and also digital tracing using smartphone application. The success of the digital tracing implementation requires cooperation from the community and firm leadership from the government as well as medical record reporting from the public health so that the data can be analyzed as soon as possible for the next preventive action required. However, for countries with large population like Indonesia, it is difficult to control the society while the health facilities are quite overwhelmed enough to cope with the number of infected, which has not decreased to date. Proximity-based COVID-19 contact tracing system devices using BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) technology is focusing on tracing and controlling the spread of virus in local community. For example, the system devices will be implemented in a factory, the devices are put in front pocket of factory employee' shirt or hooked on the shirt. The devices will record the proximity between employees and the data is synchronized using their smartphone or via application to be stored in database. The proximity records will be used once there is an infected employee to obtain information of possibility of other employees are being infected, to avoid massive test and isolation. In addition, the use of this device can be expanded even further.

关键词： COVID-19 Bluetooth Tools Diseases Mobile applications Companies Testing

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The Study of Pertaining to Sujud Postures in Muslim Prayer Based on the Hadiths and EMG Analysis 2

The Study of Pertaining to Sujud Postures in Muslim Prayer B...

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2nd Joint International Conference on Emerging Computing Technology and Sports, JICETS 2019

作者： Harun, H. Mohd Nasir, N.F. Salleh, A.F. Mustafa, W.A. Cheng, E.M. Syed Idrus, S.Z. Biomedical Electronic Engineering Program School of Mechatronic Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis Perlis Malaysia Faculty of Engineering Technology Kampus Sg. Chuchuh Universiti Malaysia Perlis Padang Besar Perlis02100 Malaysia Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis Kangar Perlis01000 Malaysia

Sujud (prostration) is one of the main pillars of a Muslim's prayer. It involves seven limbs as derived from the sayings or the acts of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) or the hadiths. However, the correct way in pertaining to sujud has received different opinions from Muslim scholars. The differences are based on the hadiths and there are two different ways of acts interpreted by Muslim scholars which are: preceding by hands or preceding by knees. Thus, this study investigated the differences in terms of statistical analysis using electromyography signals (EMG) of the lower limbs muscles, specifically the Gastrocnemius and Tibialis Anterior Muscles. Here, it was shown that there was no significant difference between the muscles on these postures of solat, although there are different opinions on the way of pertaining to sujud based on the authenticity of the hadiths and also their interpretation by the scholars. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Muscle

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IsoVISoR: Towards 3D Mesoscale Brain Mapping of Large Mammals at Isotropic Sub-micron Resolution

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2025年第2期41卷 344-348页

作者： Chao-Yu Yang Yan Shen Xiaoyang Qi Lufeng Ding Yanyang Xiao Qingyuan Zhu Hao Wang Cheng Xu Pak-Ming Lau Pengcheng Zhou Fang Xu Guo-Qiang Bi Division of Life Sciences and Medicine CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and DiseaseUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain ScienceShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China Center for Integrative Imaging Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027China National Engineering Laboratory for Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology and Application MoE Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Intelligent Perception and CognitionSchool of Information Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Intelligent Processing Institute of Artificial IntelligenceHefei Comprehensive National Science CenterHefei230088China Faculty of Life and Health Sciences Shenzhen University of Advanced TechnologyShenzhen518107China CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease InstituteShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China

Dear Editor,The mammalian brain exhibits cross-scale complexity in neuronal morphology and connectivity,the study of which demands high-resolution morphological reconstruction of individual neurons across the entire brain[1-4].Current commonly used approaches for such mesoscale brain mapping include two main types of three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy:the block-face methods,and the lightsheet-based methods[5,6].In general,the high imaging speed and light efficiency of light-sheet microscopy make it a suitable tool for high-throughput volumetric imaging,especially when combined with tissue-clearing ***,large brain samples pose major challenges to this approach.

关键词： brain mapping three dimensional fluorescence microscopy mesoscale brain mapping lightsheet based methods block face methods high throughput volumetric imaging tissue clearing techniques

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Meaningful human control: actionable properties for AI system development

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Siebert, Luciano Cavalcante Lupetti, Maria Luce Aizenberg, Evgeni Beckers, Niek Zgonnikov, Arkady Veluwenkamp, Herman Abbink, David Giaccardi, Elisa Houben, Geert-Jan Jonker, Catholijn M. van den Hoven, Jeroen Forster, Deborah Lagendijk, Reginald L. AiTech Interdisciplinary Research Program on Meaningful Human Control Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Faculty of Mechanical Maritime and Materials Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Faculty of Technology Policy and Management Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

How can humans remain in control of artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems designed to perform tasks autonomously? Such systems are increasingly ubiquitous, creating benefits - but also undesirable situations where moral responsibility for their actions cannot be properly attributed to any particular person or group. The concept of meaningful human control has been proposed to address responsibility gaps and mitigate them by establishing conditions that enable a proper attribution of responsibility for humans;however, clear requirements for researchers, designers, and engineers are yet inexistent, making the development of AI-based systems that remain under meaningful human control challenging. In this paper, we address the gap between philosophical theory and engineering practice by identifying, through an iterative process of abductive thinking, four actionable properties for AI-based systems under meaningful human control, which we discuss making use of two applications scenarios: automated vehicles and AI-based hiring. First, a system in which humans and AI algorithms interact should have an explicitly defined domain of morally loaded situations within which the system ought to operate. Second, humans and AI agents within the system should have appropriate and mutually compatible representations. Third, responsibility attributed to a human should be commensurate with that human’s ability and authority to control the system. Fourth, there should be explicit links between the actions of the AI agents and actions of humans who are aware of their moral responsibility. We argue that these four properties will support practically-minded professionals to take concrete steps toward designing and engineering for AI systems that facilitate meaningful human control. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Artificial intelligence

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The effect of ultraviolet exposure on physical properties of electrospun nanofiber membrane based on polyvinyl alcohol and aloe vera 4th

The effect of ultraviolet exposure on physical properties of...

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4th Padjadjaran International Physics Symposium, PIPS 2019

作者： Hikmawati, Dyah Maharani, Noveni Putri Putra, Alfian Pramudita Siswanto Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga SurabayaEast Java60115 Indonesia Biomedical Engineering Study Program Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga SurabayaEast Java60115 Indonesia Biomedical Signals and Systems Research Group Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga SurabayaEast Java60115 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9783035716979

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in biomaterial synthesis is commonly used to do sterilization and to improve the physical characteristics. This study is aimed to study the characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol-Aloe vera (PVA-AV) nanofibers from electrospinning process, that was exposed by UV for 6 h with various power of 8, 10, 15, and 20 W. The physical properties of the fiber were characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) test, and water absorption test. The SEM images showed that the nanofibers were formed with s homogeneous structure and no bead was observed. The diameter and the thickness of the nanofibers are increased with the increase of the power of UV exposed to the samples. The biggest diameter was 319.60 ± 56.17 nm obtained at UV exposure power of 20 W. The FTIR test result indicated that there was no new chemical bond after the PVA-AV was exposed by UV. Meanwhile, the DSC test showed that the increase of power could increase the melting temperature (Tm) with the highest value of 189.51°C at UV exposure power of 20 W. The water absorption test showed that the highest water absorption was 739.6 % obtained at UV exposure power of 20 W. © 2020 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Nanofibers

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