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arXiv 2018年

作者： Susman, Lee Brenner, Naama Barak, Omri Interdisciplinary Program in Applied Mathematics Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Network Biology Research Laboratories Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel

What is the physiological basis of long-term memory? The prevailing view in neuroscience attributes changes in synaptic efficacy to memory acquisition. This view implies that stable memories correspond to stable connectivity patterns. However, an increasing body of experimental evidence points to significant, activity-independent dynamics in synaptic strengths. Motivated by these observations, we explore the possibility of memory storage within a global component of network connectivity, while individual connections fluctuate. We find a simple and general principle, stemming from stability arguments, that links eigenvalues in the complex plane to memories. Specifically, imaginary-coded memories are more resilient to noise and homeostatic plasticity than their real-coded counterparts. Memory representations are stored as time-varying attractors in neural state-space and support associative retrieval of learned information. Our results suggest a link between the properties of learning rules and those of network-level memory representations, and point at measurable signatures to be sought in experimental data. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions

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Novel limited knee flexion angle device

Novel limited knee flexion angle device

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biomedical engineering International Conference (BMEiCON)

作者： Parkbhum Reanaree C. Pintavirooj Biomedical Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok Thailand

Knee injuries have become more common in Thailand, either caused from the sport or from the accident. The treatment is mostly a surgery. Hence, after the surgery, the patient must be closely monitored to prevent complications and repetitive injury. It also requires physical therapy to restore the knee function to resume a normal use. For this reason, the idea of creating a device that can restrict the patient's knee bend by internal mechanisms to prevent repetitive injury was brought out by measuring the flexion of the patient's knee using 3-axis Accelerometer/Gyro Module (IMU). The information is then displayed through a computer program created so that the doctor or physiotherapist can adjust the therapy to suit a particular patient individually. This will result the patient to return to normal life as quickly as possible. The device is designed by computer aided design (CAD) software and is simulated. The device has an electronic circuit that communicates with the computer wirelessly (Bluetooth) to send data to the display on the generated program. The bending angle can be displayed immediately and recorded for a diagnosis and recovery of the patient.

关键词： Knee Joints Legged locomotion Injuries biomedical measurement biomedical engineering Surgery

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Publisher Correction: Ageing limits stemness and tumorigenesis by reprogramming iron homeostasis

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Nature 2025年 2025 May 22页

作者： Xueqian Zhuang Qing Wang Simon Joost Alexander Ferrena David T Humphreys Zhuxuan Li Melissa Blum Klavdija Krause Selena Ding Yuna Landais Yingqian Zhan Yang Zhao Ronan Chaligne Joo-Hyeon Lee Sebastian E Carrasco Umeshkumar K Bhanot Richard P Koche Matthew J Bott Pekka Katajisto Yadira M Soto-Feliciano Thomas Pisanic Tiffany Thomas Deyou Zheng Emily S Wong Tuomas Tammela Cancer Biology and Genetics Program Sloan Kettering Institute Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA. Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute Sydney New South Wales Australia. Institute for Clinical and Translational Research Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York NY USA. Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Science Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA. Center for Epigenetics Research Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA. Computational and Systems Biology Program Sloan Kettering Institute Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA. Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Laboratory of Comparative Pathology Weill Cornell Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Rockefeller University New York NY USA. Pathology Core Facility Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA. Institute of Biotechnology HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden. Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland. David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA. Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA. Institute for NanoBioTechnology Department of Oncology-Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA. Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York NY USA. Departments of Genetics Neurology and Neuroscience Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York NY USA. School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences UNSW Sy

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A Rare Splice-Site Variant in Cardiac Troponin-T (TNNT2): The Need for Ancestral Diversity in Genomic Reference Datasets

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Heart, Lung and Circulation 2024年 33卷 S99-S99页

作者： A. Butters K. Thomson F. Harrington N. Henden K. McGuire A. Byrne S. Bryen M. Leask M. Ackerman J. Atherton J. Bos C. Caleshu V. Parikh D. Sharlene J. Tardiff K. Dunn I. Hayes J. Juang J. McGaughran N. Nowak J. Ingles Genomics and Inherited Disease Program Garvan Institute of Medical Research and University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Oxford Genetics Laboratories Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford UK Genetic Health Service New Zealand Northern Hub Auckland Hospital Auckland New Zealand Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Centre for Population Genomics Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Population Genomics Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Melbourne Vic Australia University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory Mayo Clinic Rochester NY USA Department of Cardiology Royal Brisbane Women’s Hospital Brisbane Qld Australia Stanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Genome Medical San Francisco CA USA Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA University of Arizona Department of Biomedical Engineering Tucson AZ USA Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Genetic Health Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia The University of Queensland School of Medicine St Lucia Qld Australia Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology Centenary Institute The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Department of Cardiology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney NSW Australia

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Molecular identification and phylogenetic reconstruction of two fiddler crabs (Uca forcipata and Uca triangularis)

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019年第1期236卷

作者： S Andriyono H Pramono H W Kim Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Pukyong National University Busan 48513 Republic of Korea Department of Marine Fisheries and Marine Faculty C Campus Jl. Mulyorejo Surabaya 60115. Universitas Airlangga Surabaya East Java Indonesia Department of Marine Biology Pukyong National University Busan 48513 Republic of Korea

Fiddler crabs are one of the types of fauna that inhabit the mangrove ecosystem. They have an essential role in nutrient improvements in the mangrove substrate, besides increasing oxygenation, decomposition and percolation rate, and decreasing salinity and the sulfide substrate condition. This study performed the identification of two species based on their molecular qualities through COI gene markers. The samples were collected from Surabaya, Indonesia and their genomic DNA was extracted through DNA kit extraction at the Molecular Physiology Laboratory PKNU, Busan Korea. Based on the molecular identification in BLASTN, the two species confirmed were Uca forcipata and Uca triangularis with 99% certainty. The species were classified as an Asian fiddler crab species based on the phylogenetic tree featuring 59 species of fiddler crab from around the world.

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Editor's Choice - Infective Native Aortic Aneurysms: A Delphi Consensus Document on Terminology, Definition, Classification, Diagnosis, and Reporting Standards

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European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery 2022年第3期65卷 323-329页

作者： Karl Sörelius Thomas R Wyss Donald Adam Adam W Beck Xavier Berard Jacob Budtz-Lilly Nabil Chakfé Rachel Clough Martin Czerny Mario D'Oria Michael Dang Pietro G di Summa Nikolaj Eldrup Inge Fourneau Ivika Heinola Akihiro Hosaka Ron-Bin Hsu Yao-Kuang Huang Warissara Jutidamrongphan Chung-Dann Kan Tilo Kölbel Christopher Lau Martin Lawaetz Kevin Mani Konstantinos Moulakakis Gustavo S Oderich Timothy Resch Jürg Schmidli Petr Sedivy Takuro Shirasu Ruedeekorn Suwannanon Zoltan Szeberin Joseph Touma Jos C van den Berg Hugo Veger Anders Wanhainen Salome Weiss Department of Vascular Surgery Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Copenhagen and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark. Electronic address: karlsorelius@***. Department of Vascular Surgery Inselspital Bern University Hospital University of Bern Bern Switzerland Kantonsspital Winterthur Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery Winterthur Switzerland. University Hospitals Birmingham Birmingham UK. University of Alabama at Birmingham Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy Birmingham AL United States. Vascular and General Surgery Department Bordeaux University Hospital Bordeaux France. Division of Vascular Surgery Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark. Department of Vascular Surgery and Kidney Transplantation University of Strasbourg Strasbourg France and GEPROMED Strasbourg France. School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science King's College London London UK and Department of Vascular Surgery Imperial Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust London UK. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery University Heart Centre Freiburg University Freiburg Germany. Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Cardiovascular Department University Hospital of Trieste Italy. Haga Teaching Hospital The Hague The Netherlands. Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland. Department of Vascular Surgery Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Copenhagen and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark. Department of Vascular Surgery University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium. Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland. Department of Vascular Surgery Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center Tokyo Japan. National Taiwan University Hospital Taiwan. Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taiwan. Department of Radiology Faculty of Medicine Prince of Songkla University H

OBJECTIVE:There is no consensus regarding the terminology, definition, classification, diagnostic criteria, and algorithm, or reporting standards for the disease of infective native aortic aneurysm (INAA), previously known as mycotic aneurysm. The aim of this study was to establish this by performing a consensus study. METHODS:The Delphi methodology was used. Thirty-seven international experts were invited via mail to participate. Four two week Delphi rounds were performed, using an online questionnaire, initially with 22 statements and nine reporting items. The panellists rated the statements on a five point Likert scale. Comments on statements were analysed, statements revised, and results presented in iterative rounds. Consensus was defined as ≥ 75% of the panel selecting "strongly agree" or "agree" on the Likert scale, and consensus on the final assessment was defined as Cronbach's alpha coefficient > .80. RESULTS:All 38 panellists completed all four rounds, resulting in 100% participation and agreement that this study was necessary, and the term INAA was agreed to be optimal. Three more statements were added based on the results and comments of the panel, resulting in a final 25 statements and nine reporting items. All 25 statements reached an agreement of ≥ 87%, and all nine reporting items reached an agreement of 100%. The Cronbach's alpha increased for each consecutive round (round 1 = .84, round 2 = .87, round 3 = .90, and round 4 = .92). Thus, consensus was reached for all statements and reporting items. CONCLUSION:This Delphi study established the first consensus document on INAA regarding terminology, definition, classification, diagnostic criteria, and algorithm, as well as reporting standards. The results of this study create essential conditions for scientific research on this disease. The presented consensus will need future amendments in accordance with newly acquired knowledge.

关键词： Classification Criteria Definition Diagnosis Infective native aortic aneurysm Mycotic aneurysm

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Next-generation sequencing yields the complete mitochondrial genome of mud spiny lobster, Panulirus polyphagus (Crustacea: Decapoda) from Madura water

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019年第1期348卷

作者： S Andriyono M J Alam H Pramono A A Abdillah H W Kim Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Pukyong National University Busan 48513 Republic of Korea Department of Marine Fisheries and Marine Faculty C Campus Jl. Mulyorejo Surabaya 60115. Universitas Airlangga Surabaya East Java Indonesia Department of Marine Biology Pukyong National University Busan 48513 Republic of Korea

The circular mitochondrial genome of the mud spiny lobster, Panulirus polyphagus was determined by next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform. The mitochondrial genome of P. polyphagus was 15,707 bp in length, which comprised 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, two ribosomal RNAs (12S and 16S). A non-coding putative control region (739 bp) was located between 12S ribosomal RNA and tRNA-Ile. Except for COX1, 13 protein-coding genes initiated with the conventional start codon (ATG). The phylogenetic analysis with the mitogenomes in family Palinuridae showed P. polyphagus was clustered together with four congener species forming a clade, and Panulirus versicolor is closest to P. polyphagus.

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Corrigendum to "Metal-organic frameworks, NH2-MIL-88(Fe), as carriers for ophthalmic delivery of brimonidine" [Acta Biomater. 79 (2018) 344-353]

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Acta biomaterialia 2019年 85卷 321页

作者： Se-Na Kim Chun Gwon Park Beom Kang Huh Seung Ho Lee Chang Hee Min Yun Young Lee Young Kook Kim Ki Ho Park Young Bin Choy Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering College of Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea. Department of Biomedical Engineering SKKU Institute for Convergence Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea. Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering Medical Research Center Seoul National University Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea. Department of Biomedical Engineering Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea. Department of Ophthalmology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea Department of Ophthalmology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea. Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering College of Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering Medical Research Center Seoul National University Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ybchoy@snu.ac.kr.

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The Brain Tumor Segmentation in Pediatrics (BraTS-PEDs) Challenge: Focus on Pediatrics (CBTN-CONNECT-DIPGR-ASNR-MICCAI BraTS-PEDs)

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kazerooni, Anahita Fathi Khalili, Nastaran Liu, Xinyang Gandhi, Deep Jiang, Zhifan Anwar, Syed Muhammed Albrecht, Jake Adewole, Maruf Anazodo, Udunna Anderson, Hannah Baid, Ujjwal Bergquist, Timothy Borja, Austin J. Calabrese, Evan Chung, Verena Conte, Gian-Marco Dako, Farouk Eddy, James Ezhov, Ivan Familiar, Ariana Farahani, Keyvan Franson, Andrea Gottipati, Anurag Haldar, Shuvanjan Iglesias, Juan Eugenio Janas, Anastasia Johansen, Elaine Jones, Blaise V. Khalili, Neda Kofler, Florian LaBella, Dominic Lai, Hollie Anne Van Leemput, Koen Li, Hongwei Bran Maleki, Nazanin McAllister, Aaron S. Meier, Zeke Menze, Bjoern Moawad, Ahmed W. Nandolia, Khanak K. Pavaine, Julija Piraud, Marie Poussaint, Tina Prabhu, Sanjay P. Reitman, Zachary Rudie, Jeffrey D. Sanchez-Montano, Mariana Shaikh, Ibraheem Salman Sheth, Nakul Tu, Wenxin Wang, Chunhao Ware, Jeffrey B. Wiestler, Benedikt Zapaishchykova, Anna Bornhorst, Miriam Deutsch, Michelle Fouladi, Maryam Lazow, Margot Mikael, Leonie Hummel, Trent Kann, Benjamin de Blank, Peter Hoffman, Lindsey Aboian, Mariam Nabavizadeh, Ali Packer, Roger Bakas, Spyridon Resnick, Adam Rood, Brian Vossough, Arastoo Linguraru, Marius George Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Neurosurgery University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation Children’s National Hospital WashingtonDC United States Sage Bionetworks United States Lab Crestview Radiology Lagos Nigeria McGill University MontrealQC Canada Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Division of Computational Pathology Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisIN United States Department of Neurosurgery The University of Southern California CA United States Department of Radiology Duke University Medical Center DurhamNC United States Mayo Clinic MN United States Center for Global Health Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Informatics Technical University Munich Germany TranslaTUM - Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technical University of Munich Germany Cancer Imaging Program National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health BethesdaMD United States C. S. Mott Children’s Hospital University of Michigan MI United States Biomedical Engineering Rutgers University New BrunswickNJ United States Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital BostonMA United States Yale University New HavenCT United States PrecisionFDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration Silver SpringMD United States Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center OH United States Helmholtz AI Helmholtz Munich Germany Department of Radiation Oncology Duke University Medical Center DurhamNC United States Department of Radiology Children’s Health Orange County CA United States Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of De

Pediatric tumors of the central nervous system are the most common cause of cancer-related death in children. The five-year survival rate for high-grade gliomas in children is less than 20%. Due to their rarity, the diagnosis of these entities is often delayed, their treatment is mainly based on historic treatment concepts, and clinical trials require multi-institutional collaborations. Here we present the CBTN-CONNECT-DIPGR-ASNR-MICCAI BraTS-PEDs challenge, focused on pediatric brain tumors with data acquired across multiple international consortia dedicated to pediatric neuro-oncology and clinical trials. The CBTN-CONNECT-DIPGR-ASNR-MICCAI BraTS-PEDs challenge brings together clinicians and AI/imaging scientists to lead to faster development of automated segmentation techniques that could benefit clinical trials, and ultimately the care of children with brain tumors. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Deep learning

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Input optics systems of the KAGRA detector during O3GK (vol 2023, 023F01, 2023)

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PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS 2023年第5期2023卷

作者： Akutsu, T. Ando, M. Arai, K. Arai, Y. Araki, S. Araya, A. Aritomi, N. Asada, H. Aso, Y. Bae, S. Bae, Y. Baiotti, L. Bajpai, R. Barton, M. A. Cannon, K. Cao, Z. Capocasa, E. Chan, M. Chen, C. Chen, K. Chen, Y. Chiang, C-I Chu, H. Chu, Y-K Eguchi, S. Enomoto, Y. Flaminio, R. Fujii, Y. Fujikawa, Y. Fukunaga, M. Fukushima, M. Furuhata, T. Gao, D. Ge, G-G Ha, S. Hagiwara, A. Haino, S. Han, W-B Hasegawa, K. Hattori, K. Hayakawa, H. Hayama, K. Himemoto, Y. Hiranuma, Y. Hirata, N. Hirose, E. Hong, Z. Hsieh, B-H Huang, G-Z Huang, H-Y Huang, P. Huang, Y-C Huang, Y-J Hui, D. C. Y. Ide, S. Ikenoue, B. Imam, S. Inayoshi, K. Inoue, Y. Ioka, K. Ito, K. Itoh, Y. Izumi, K. Jeon, C. Jin, H-B Jung, K. Jung, P. Kaihotsu, K. Kajita, T. Kakizaki, M. Kamiizumi, M. Kanbara, S. Kanda, N. Kang, G. Kataoka, Y. Kawaguchi, K. Kawai, N. Kawasaki, T. Kim, C. Kim, J. Kim, J. C. Kim, Ws Kim, Y-M Kimura, N. Kita, N. Kitazawa, H. Kojima, Y. Kokeyama, K. Komori, K. Kong, A. K. H. Kotake, K. Kozakai, C. Kozu, R. Kumar, R. Kume, J. Kuo, C. Kuo, H-S Kuromiya, Y. Kuroyanagi, S. Kusayanagi, K. Kwak, K. Lee, H. K. Lee, H. W. Lee, R. Leonardi, M. Li, K. L. Lin, L. C-C Lin, C-Y Lin, F-K Lin, F-L Lin, H. L. Liu, G. C. Luo, L-W Majorana, E. Marchio, M. Michimura, Y. Mio, N. Miyakawa, O. Miyamoto, A. Miyazaki, Y. Miyo, K. Miyoki, S. Mori, Y. Morisaki, S. Moriwaki, Y. Nagano, K. Nagano, S. Nakamura, K. Nakano, H. Nakano, M. Nakashima, R. Nakayama, Y. Narikawa, T. Naticchioni, L. Negishi, R. Quynh, L. Nguyen Ni, W-T Nishizawa, A. Nozaki, S. Obuchi, Y. Ogaki, W. Oh, J. J. Oh, S. H. Ohashi, M. Ohishi, N. Ohkawa, M. Ohta, H. Okutani, Y. Okutomi, K. Oohara, K. Ooi, C. Oshino, S. Otabe, S. Pan, K-C Pang, H. Parisi, A. Park, J. Arellano, F. E. Pena Pinto, I. Sago, N. Saito, S. Saito, Y. Sakai, K. Sakai, Y. Sakuno, Y. Sato, S. Sato, T. Sawada, T. Sekiguchi, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Shao, L. Shibagaki, S. Shimizu, R. Shimoda, T. Shimode, K. Shinkai, H. Shishido, T. Shoda, A. Somiya, K. Son, E. J. Sotani, H. Sugimoto, R. Suresh, J. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, T. Tagoshi, H. Takahashi, H Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Department of Physics The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Research Center for the Early Universe The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research KAGRA Observatory The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa City Chiba 277-8582 Japan Accelerator Laboratory High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Earthquake Research Institute The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0032 Japan Department of Mathematics and Physics Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo-cho Hirosaki Aomori 036-8561 Japan Kamioka Branch National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 238 Higashi-Mozumi Kamioka-cho Hida City Gifu 506-1205 Japan The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information 245 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea National Institute for Mathematical Sciences 70 Yuseong-daero 1689 Beon-gil Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34047 Republic of Korea International College Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho Toyonaka City Osaka 560-0043 Japan School of High Energy Accelerator Science The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwai Street 19 Haidian District Beijing 100875 China Department of Applied Physics Fukuoka University 8-19-1 Nanakuma Jonan Fukuoka City Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan Department of Physics Tamkang University No. 151 Yingzhuan Road Danshui Dist. New Taipei City 25137 Taiwan Department of Physics

KAGRA, the underground and cryogenic gravitational-wave detector, was operated for its solo observation from February 25 to March 10, 2020, and its first joint observation with the GEO 600 detector from April 7 to April 21, 2020 (O3GK). This study presents an overview of the input optics systems of the KAGRA detector, which consist of various optical systems, such as a laser source, its intensity and frequency stabilization systems, modulators, a Faraday isolator, mode-matching telescopes, and a high-power beam dump. These optics were successfully delivered to the KAGRA interferometer and operated stably during the observations. The laser frequency noise was observed to limit the detector sensitivity above a few kilohertz, whereas the laser intensity did not significantly limit the detector sensitivity.

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