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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： R. Smolikova M.P. Wachowiak G.D. Tourassi A. Elmaghraby J.M. Zurada Computer Science and Engineering Program University of Louisville Louisville KY USA Computer Science and Engineering Program Department of Radiology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Louisville Louisville KY USA

This paper presents a novel approach to ultrasound backscatter characterization based on generalized entropy. This approach makes no assumptions about the specific scattering distribution. Low order Renyi and Tsallis entropies have a higher dynamic range than Shannon entropy over a range of scattering conditions, and are therefore useful in estimating scatterer density and regularity. A neural network estimator is constructed to illustrate the validity of this approach.

关键词： Backscatter Entropy Rayleigh scattering Speckle Density measurement Ultrasonic imaging Dynamic range Scattering parameters computer science Biomedical engineering

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A supervised learning approach to landmark-based elastic biomedical image registration and interpolation

A supervised learning approach to landmark-based elastic bio...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： M.P. Wachowiak R. Smolikova J.M. Zurada A.S. Elmaghraby Computer Science and Engineering Program University of Louisville Louisville KY USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Louisville Louisville KY USA Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science University of Louisville Louisville KY USA

Biomedical image registration often requires local elastic matching after initial global alignment. Due to their universal approximation property, neural networks may be used for landmark-based elastic registration. A supervised learning approach using backpropagation, Bayesian regularization, Gauss-sigmoid networks, and radial basis function networks is presented for 2D elastic registration.

关键词： Supervised learning Biomedical imaging Interpolation Backpropagation Gaussian processes computer science Biomedical engineering Bayesian methods Radial basis function networks Polynomials

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Passive and active glass waveguide devices utilizing silicon overlay grating

Passive and active glass waveguide devices utilizing silicon...

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Integrated Photonics Research, IPR 2002

作者： Kim, Jaeyoun Winick, Kim A. Florea, Catalin Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan 1301 heal Avenue Ann ArborMI48109 United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan 1301 heal Avenue Ann ArborMI48109 United States

Bragg gratings fabricated on top of ion exchanged glass waveguides using PECVD-deposited silicon overlays are reported. The resulting Bragg gratings are characterized and transmission dips at 1536 nm in excess of 18 d... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)1557527229

关键词： Bragg gratings

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Experimental study on PDS force control of a flexible arm considering bending and torsional deformation

Experimental study on PDS force control of a flexible arm co...

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International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control (AMC)

作者： Y. Morita F. Matsuno M. Ikeda H. Ukai H. Kando Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama Japan

This paper describes the Lyapunov-based force control suppressing the coupled bending and torsional vibrations of a one-link flexible arm with a rigid tip body. On the basis of the distributed parameter model, the output feedback control law is constructed using Lyapunov method, and the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is proved on the basis of the invariance principle. The constructed control law consists of the PD feedback of the motor angle, a feedback of the bending strain at the root of the flexible arm, and the feedforward of the desired bending moment torque to achieve the desired force control, which is called PDS force control. Some experiments are performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller. From the results, it is found that the bending strain feedback is effective for not only bending vibration absorption but also torsional vibration absorption.

关键词： Force control Force feedback Capacitive sensors Absorption Vibration control Output feedback Lyapunov method Asymptotic stability Torque control Strain control

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Automated algorithm to delineate Z-bands in electron microscopic images of the human skeletal muscle

Automated algorithm to delineate Z-bands in electron microsc...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, ISBI 2002

作者： Guo, Yu Sun, Ying Manfredi, Thomas G. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rhode Island 4 East Alumni Avenue KingstonRI02881 United States Exercise Science Program University of Rhode Island 4 East Alumni Avenue KingstonRI02881 United States

ISBN: (纸本)078037584X

The effects of exercise, nutrition, and aging on the development of human skeletal muscles can be observed from the morphological changes of the Z-band under the electron microscope. Quantification of the Z-band damage has provided useful information to exercise physiology research but is usually a labor-intensive process. In this study, an automated image-processing algorithm has been developed to delineate the Z-band with a given start point. The algorithm detects the borders of the Z-band in an incremental fashion along the long axis. At each step of the iteration local border points are detected along radial directions and the centerline is extended toward both ends of the Z-band. The process iterates itself until a stopping criterion is met. The algorithm has been coded in C++ and used in our laboratory for exercise science research. The software has significantly reduced the processing time and provided reliable high-quality data for the study of Z-band damage. © 2002 IEEE.

关键词： Iterative methods

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Devising adaptive migration policies for cooperative distributed genetic algorithms

Devising adaptive migration policies for cooperative distrib...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： E. Noda A.L.V. Coelho I.L.M. Ricarte A. Yamakami A.A. Freitas School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (FEEC) UNICAMP-State University of Campinas Brazil Postgraduate Program in Computer science Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná Brazil

Distributed genetic algorithms (DGAs) constitute an interesting approach to undertake the premature convergence problem in evolutionary optimization. This is done by spatial partitioning a huge panmitic population into several semi-isolated groups, called demes, each evolving in parallel by its own pace, and possibly exploring different regions of the search space. At the center of such approach lies the migratory process that simulates the swapping of individuals belonging to different demes, in such a way to ensure the sharing of good genetic material. In this paper, we model the migration step in DGAs as an explicit means to promote cooperation among genetic agents, autonomous entities encapsulating GA instances for possibly tackling different sub-problems of a complicated task. The focus is on the characterization of adaptive migration policies in which the choice of what individuals to migrate and/or replace is not defined a priori but according to a more knowledge-oriented rule. Comparative results obtained for a data-mining task were conducted, in order to assess the performance of adaptive migration according to efficiency/effectiveness criteria.

关键词： Genetic algorithms Identity-based encryption Inductors Search engines Dissolved gas analysis Parallel architectures Cloning

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Sigma-Pi Cascade Extended Hybrid Neural Network

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Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 2002年第3期6卷 126-134页

作者： Iyoda, Eduardo Masato Hirota, Kaoru Zuben, Fernando J. Von Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama226-8502 Japan Department of Computer Engineering and Industrial Automation School of Electrical and Computer Engineering State University of Campinas P.O. Box 6101 Campinas-SP13083-970 Brazil

A nonparametric neural architecture called the Sigma-Pi Cascade extended Hybrid Neural Network σπ-(CHNN) is proposed to extend approximation capabilities in neural architectures such as Projection Pursuit Learning (PPL) and Hybrid Neural Networks (HNN). Like PPL and HNN, σπ-CHNN also uses distinct activation functions in its neurons but, unlike these previous neural architectures, it may consider multiplicative operators in its hidden neurons, enabling it to extract higher-order information from given data. σπ-CHNN uses arbitrary connectivity patterns among neurons. An evolutionary learning algorithm combined with a conjugate gradient algorithm is proposed to automatically design the topology and weights of σπ-CHNN. σπ-CHNN performance is evaluated in five benchmark regression problems. Results show that σπ-CHNN provides competitive performance compared to PPL and HNN in most problems, either in computational requirements to implement the proposed neural architecture or in approximation accuracy. In some problems, σπ-CHNN reduces the approximation error on the order of 10-1 compared to PPL and HNN, whereas in other cases it achieves the same approximation error as these neural architectures but uses a smaller number of hidden neurons (usually 1 hidden neuron less than PPL and HNN). © 2002 Fuji Technology Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Potential benefits of implementing load control

Potential benefits of implementing load control

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IEEE Winter Meeting Power engineering Society

作者： M. Ilic J.W. Black J.L. Watz Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT Cambridge MA USA Engineering Systems Division in the Technology Management and Policy Program MIT Cambridge MA USA Engineering Systems Division in the Technology and Policy Program MIT Cambridge MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780373227

The design of wholesale electricity markets through deregulation has focused almost exclusively on the development of competitive supply (generation). The demand side of the market has been virtually ignored. Mostly, this is due to the assumption that electricity demand is almost completely inelastic. As a result, deregulated wholesale markets universally fail to pass price signals down to the end-users. This paper challenges the assumption of inelastic demand by exploring the potential benefits of implementing a simple load control scheme. This load control scheme allows consumers to shift demand from high priced hours to low priced hours during the day. The benefits to the individual consumer are explored through an example applied to residential air conditioning using price and demand data from California. This example shows that "smart" use of air conditioning can lead to great savings for residential consumers, without sacrificing comfort. The potential for multiple consumers implementing load control to reduce wholesale prices is also examined.

关键词： Load flow control Aggregates Electricity supply industry Power generation Electricity supply industry deregulation Air conditioning Energy management Energy consumption Power engineering and energy Systems engineering and theory

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Proposed framework for applying adaptive critics in real-time realm

Proposed framework for applying adaptive critics in real-tim...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： G.G. Lendaris R.A. Santiago M.S. Carroll Systems Science and of Electrical & Computer Engineering Northwest Computational Intelligence Laboratory Portland State University Portland OR USA Systems Science Program Northwest Computational Intelligence Laboratory Portland State University Portland OR USA

Adaptive critics have shown much promise for designing optimal nonlinear controllers in an off-line context. Still, their greatest potential exists in the context Of reconfigurable control, that is, real time controller redesign in response to (substantial) changes in plant dynamics. To accomplish this, a framework is proposed for the application of adaptive critics in real-time control (for those critic methods requiring a model of the plant). The framework is presented in the context of work being done in reconfigurable flight control by the NW Computational Intelligence Lab (NWCIL) at Portland State University. The proposal incorporates recent work (by others) in fast and efficient on-line plant identification, considerations for bounding the computational costs of converging neural networks, and a novel approach (by us) toward the task of assuring system stability during the adaptation process. The potential and limitations of the proposed framework are discussed. It is suggested that with the recent rapid reduction in computational barriers, only certain theoretical issues remain as the central barriers to successful on-line application of the methods.

关键词： programmable control Adaptive control Optimal control Neural networks Computational intelligence Control systems Stability State-space methods Design methodology Piecewise linear approximation

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Neural estimation of scatterer density in ultrasound

Neural estimation of scatterer density in ultrasound

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： R. Smolikova M.P. Wachowiak G.D. Tourassi J.M. Zurada Institute for Research and Applications of Fuzzy Modeling University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic Computer Science and Engineering Program University of Louisville Louisville KY USA Department of Radiology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Louisville Louisville KY USA

Ultrasonic backscatter can provide information on the density of scatterers within biological media, and is therefore an important tool in tissue characterization. In this paper, a novel neural network approach to estimate scatterer density from generalized entropy is proposed. Neural estimation compares favorably with nonlinear least-squares models.

关键词： Ultrasonic imaging Rayleigh scattering Acoustic scattering Entropy Backscatter Signal to noise ratio Biomedical engineering Biomedical imaging Biological system modeling Ultrasonic transducers

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