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arXiv 2025年

作者： Jo, Sanghyun Lee, Ziseok Lee, Wooyeol Kim, Kyungsu OGQ Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of School of Transdisciplinary Innovations Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of

Achieving precise panoptic segmentation heavily relies on pixel-wise instance annotations, but obtaining such datasets is costly. Unsupervised instance segmentation (UIS) eliminates annotation requirements but struggles with adjacent instance merging and single-instance fragmentation, largely due to the limitations of DINO-based backbones, which lack strong instance separation cues. Weakly-supervised panoptic segmentation (WPS) reduces annotation costs by using sparse labels (e.g., points, boxes), yet these annotations remain expensive and introduce human bias and boundary errors, limiting performance. To address these challenges, we propose DiffEGG (Diffusion-Driven EdGe Generation), a fully annotation-free method that extracts instance-aware features from pretrained diffusion models to generate precise instance edge maps. DiffEGG fundamentally differs from prior UIS and WPS approaches by leveraging pretrained diffusion models as a backbone. Unlike DINO-based UIS methods, diffusion models inherently capture fine-grained, instance-aware features, enabling more precise boundary delineation. DiffEGG further enhances edge connectivity through self-supervised fine-tuning, progressively improving instance separation. For WPS, DiffEGG completely eliminates annotation costs and human bias by operating without any form of manual supervision, addressing the key limitations of prior best methods. Additionally, we introduce RIP, a post-processing technique that fuses DiffEGG’s edge maps with segmentation masks in a task-agnostic manner. This broad applicability allows DiffEGG to be seamlessly integrated into various segmentation frameworks. When applied to UIS, DiffEGG and RIP achieve an average +4.4 AP improvement over prior best UIS methods. When combined with weakly-supervised semantic segmentation (WSS), DiffEGG enables WPS without instance annotations, outperforming prior best point-supervised WPS methods by +1.7 PQ. These results demonstrate that DiffEGG’s edge maps serv

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Thermodynamics of the Solid-Liquid Phase Equilibrium of a Binary System: Effect of a Chemical Reaction in the Liquid and Epitaxial Strain in the Solid

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Deymier, Alix C. Deymier, Pierre Alix Muralidharan, Krishna Latypov, Marat I. Department of Biomedical Engineering UConn Health FarmingtonCT06030 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States

We introduce two thermodynamics models of solid-liquid phase equilibrium of a binary system in the presence of (a) a chemical reaction in the liquid involving only one of the binary components and, (b) strain-inducing epitaxial conditions on the solid in addition to the chemical reaction in the liquid. These models show the existence of the counter intuitive behavior that epitaxy may promote recrystallization of the solid in spite of the reaction driving dissolution. The conditions for this recrystallization behavior are determined by the value of the epitaxial lattice matching composition, the temperature and the overall composition of the binary solid-liquid system. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chemical reactions

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Single-cell RNA-sequencing and subcellular spatial transcriptomics facilitate the translation of liver microphysiological systems for regulatory application

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2023年第7期13卷 691-693页

作者： Dan Li Zhou Fang Qiang Shi Nicholas Zhang Binsheng Gong Weida Tong Ahmet F.Coskun Joshua Xu Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics National Center for Toxicological ResearchU.S.Food and Drug AdministrationJeffersonAR72079USA Wallace H.Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30332USA Machine Learning Graduate Program Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA Division of Systems Biology National Center for Toxicological ResearchU.S.Food and Drug AdministrationJeffersonAR72079USA Interdisciplinary Bioengineering Graduate Program Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA Parker H.Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA

Reducing the use of animal models in drug development and safety assessment has long been supported by the *** and Drug Administration(FDA).The report by Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals indicates that in 2020,experiments involved the use of over 100 million animals,with the United States leading the list by utilizing 20 million *** ethical considerations associated with animal testing and the costs in terms of time and money,animal models are not always effective in predicting human reactions to drug *** animal testing has been the traditional method for assessing the safety and efficacy of drugs.

关键词： money utilizing testing

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Segmented readout for Cherenkov time-of-flight positron emission tomography detectors based on bismuth germanate

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yi, Minseok Lee, Daehee Gola, Alberto Merzi, Stefano Penna, Michele Lee, Jae Sung Cherry, Simon R. Kwon, Sun Il Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California Davis United States Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering College of Engineering Seoul National Graduate School Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science Seoul National Graduate School Korea Republic of Fondazione Bruno Kessler Italy Brightonix Imaging Inc. Korea Republic of

Positron emission tomography (PET) is the most sensitive biomedical imaging modality for noninvasively detecting and visualizing positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals within a subject. In PET, measuring the time-of-flight (TOF) information for each pair of 511-keV annihilation photons improves effective sensitivity but requires high timing resolution. Hybrid materials that emit both scintillation and Cherenkov photons, such as bismuth germanate (BGO), recently offer the potential for more precise timing information from Cherenkov photons while maintaining adequate energy resolution from scintillation photons. However, a significant challenge in using such hybrid materials for TOF PET applications lies in the event-dependent timing spread caused by the mixed detection of Cherenkov and scintillation photons due to relatively lower production of Cherenkov photons. This study introduces an innovative approach by segmenting silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) pixels coupled to a single crystal, rather than using traditional SiPMs that are as large as or larger than the crystals they read. We demonstrated that multiple time stamps and photon counts obtained from the segmented SiPM can classify events by providing temporal photon density, effectively addressing this challenge. The approach and findings would lead to new opportunities in applications that require precise timing and photon counting, spanning the fields of medical imaging, high-energy physics, and optical physics. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Photons

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Gamma-ray Probe Endoscope using Phoswich structure & Pulse Shape Discrimination system

Gamma-ray Probe Endoscope using Phoswich structure & Pulse S...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： M. Park H. Lee S. Song J. Hwang C. Park K. Lee J.-Y. Yeom Department of Bioengineering Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea Global Health-Tech Research Center Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea School of Biomedical Engineering Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798350388152

ISBN: (纸本)9798350388169

This study focuses on separation of gamma-ray signals, when a high density BGO is used in place of a light guide. The purpose of utilizing BGO instead of the light guide is to shield the GAGG scintillator from background radiation while also acting as a light guide. By using a 1.5mm BGO scintillator, over 87% of side/rear gamma rays were found to interact with BGO rather than GAGG. Gamma radiation interacting with GAGG from the front and the signals interacting with BGO from the side/rear can be separated using our pulse shape discrimination (PSD) method. In addition, unlike the conventional gamma-ray PSD method that processes with raw signals, our method can separate signals processed through CSA using rising time discrimination. By shielding side/rear gamma rays, the structural/spatial limitations of detectors such as the 3 mm diameter flexible gamma probe endoscope being developed by our research team, which limits the use shielding materials, can be overcome.

关键词： Microwave integrated circuits Scintillators Shape Endoscopes Semiconductor detectors Gamma-rays Probes

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Performance Evaluation of Cs3Cu2I5 Perovskite Scintillator Grown by Seedless SEST Method

Performance Evaluation of Cs3Cu2I5 Perovskite Scintillator G...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： S. Song J. Seo M. Park J.-Y. Yeom Department of Bioengineering Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea School of Biomedical Engineering Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798350388152

ISBN: (纸本)9798350388169

In this study, we utilized the seedless Slow evaporation solution growth technique (SEST) method to grow Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 , a 0-D perovskite scintillator material, at room temperature. The growth was conducted under conditions of 23°C temperature and 40% humidity for 10 days, resulting in obtaining multiple crystals of 5 mm in size. Using single crystal Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 detectors grown in our lab, we evaluated its performance using radioactive isotopes ${ }^{137} \mathrm{Cs},{ }^{241} \mathrm{Am},{ }^{54} \mathrm{Mn},{ }^{60} \mathrm{Co},{ }^{22} \mathrm{Na}$, and ${}^{57}\mathrm{Co}$, and acquired energy resolutions of 8.55%, 23.35%, 7.59%, 6.49%, 9.38%, and 16.8%, respectively. In comparison with polycrystalline counterparts, single crystal Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 exhibited superior performance, although both demonstrated excellent characteristics. By comparison, measurement using GAGG:Ce as a reference scintillator with the same setup showed an energy resolution of 10.00 %.

关键词： Temperature measurement Performance evaluation Semiconductor device measurement Microwave integrated circuits Scintillators Temperature Semiconductor detectors

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A self-attention model for robust rigid slice-to-volume registration of functional MRI

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Khawaled, Samah Warfield, Simon K. Freiman, Moti The Interdisciplinary program in Applied Mathematics Faculty of Mathematics Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Computational Radiology Laboratory Boston Children's Hospital BostonMA United States Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is vital in neuroscience, enabling investigations into brain disorders, treatment monitoring, and brain function mapping. However, head motion during fMRI scans, occurring between shots of slice acquisition, can result in distortion, biased analyses, and increased costs due to the need for scan repetitions. Therefore, retrospective slice-level motion correction through slice-to-volume registration (SVR) is crucial. Previous studies have utilized deep learning (DL) based models to address the SVR task;however, they overlooked the uncertainty stemming from the input stack of slices and did not assign weighting or scoring to each slice. In this work, we introduce an end-to-end SVR model for aligning 2D fMRI slices with a 3D reference volume, incorporating a self-attention mechanism to enhance robustness against input data variations and uncertainties. It utilizes independent slice and volume encoders and a self-attention module to assign pixel-wise scores for each slice. We conducted evaluation experiments on 200 images involving synthetic rigid motion generated from 27 subjects belonging to the test set, from the publicly available Healthy Brain Network (HBN) dataset. Our experimental results demonstrate that our model achieves competitive performance in terms of alignment accuracy compared to state-of-the-art deep learning-based methods (Euclidean distance of 0.93 [mm] vs. 1.86 [mm]). Furthermore, our approach exhibits significantly faster registration speed compared to conventional iterative methods (0.096 sec. vs. 1.17 sec.). Our end-to-end SVR model facilitates real-time head motion tracking during fMRI acquisition, ensuring reliability and robustness against uncertainties in inputs. source code, which includes the training and evaluations, will be available soon. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Iterative methods

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Product Competitor Analysis for First-Year engineering Students

Product Competitor Analysis for First-Year Engineering Stude...

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IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment and Learning for engineering (TALE)

作者： Kuntinee Maneeratana Peerapat Thongnuek Danupol Hoonsopon Suvanchai Pongsugitwat Charasphat Preuksarattanawut Nattaporn Tonanon Sirikanya Phongtongjalearn Department of Mechanical Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering Chulalongkorn University Thailand Marketing Department Chulalongkorn Business School Chulalongkorn University Thailand Department of Metallurgical Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Department of Chemical Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand

This paper presented a learning model for product competitor analysis to first-year engineering students. Students were assigned to watch a video which contained an example before class. In a 45-minutes allotted class time, students were grouped, on-site or online, and assigned to complete an exercise on the product and direct competitor of their choice. The exercise focused on the 4Ps model for marketing implementation – product, price, place, and promotion – of the product and competitor and concluded with the strength, weakness, and unique value proposition of the product. The works were usually rough but acceptable. Students were generally satisfied and 86% found the exercise at least useful in the subsequent design thinking projects. In the future, the ChatGPT could be used to increase the working speed and, thus, reduced the most common complaint of insufficient time while increasing the work quality.

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Reduction of Reflected Light on Fluorescence Emission for Indocyanine Green

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Journal of engineering and Science in Medical Diagnostics and Therapy 2022年第1期5卷 011004页

作者： Kwon, So Yoon Yoon, Ki-Cheol Kim, Kwang Gi Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Medical Devices R&D Center Gachon University Gil Medical Center 774 beon-gil Namdong-daero Namdong-gu Incheon21565 Korea Republic of Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine Gachon University 38-13 Dokjom-ro 3 Namdong-gu Incheon21565 Korea Republic of Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Health Science Gachon University 191 Hambakmoero Yeonsu-gu Incheon21936 Korea Republic of Gachon University 38-13 3 Dokjom-ro Namdong-gu Incheon21565 Korea Republic of

Inside the brain tumor, the blood vessels are intricately composed, and the tumors and blood vessels are similar in color. Therefore, when observing tumors and blood vessels with the naked eye or a surgical microscope, it is difficult to distinguish between tumors and blood vessels. Fluorescence staining with indocyanine green (ICG) is performed to distinguish between brain tumors and blood vessels using a surgical microscope. However, when observing the blood circulation state of a tumor or blood vessel through a surgical microscope, light reflection occurs from the camera. In the process of observing the state of the blood vessel, due to the occurrence of light reflection, an obstruction phenomenon in which the observation field is blocked by the blood vessel of the object to be observed occurs. Therefore, it is difficult to diagnose the vascular condition. In this experiment, the 780 nm light-emitting diode (LED) was irradiated to the ICG phantom, and then, when the fluorescence expression image was observed, the polarizing filter such as circular polarized light (CPL) filter and linear polarized light (LPL) filter was inserted into the camera, and the reflected light was reduced. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the reflected light from the fluorescence expression image by using a polarizing filter, and it is expected to be applicable to surgery and diagnostic fields of cancer such as surgery. Copyright © 2022 by ASME.

关键词： Microscopes

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VR-Based Implicit Authentication Using Electromyogram and Inertial Measurement Unit

VR-Based Implicit Authentication Using Electromyogram and In...

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International Conference on Cyberworlds

作者： Da-Young Yu Hyung-Tak Lee Youngsam Kim Jong-Hyuk Roh Soohyung Kim Jeonghun Ku Han-Jeong Hwang Dept. Electronics and Information Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology Korea University Sejong Republic of Korea Dept. Electronics and Information Engineering Korea University Sejong Republic of Korea Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) Daejeon Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine Keimyung University Daegu Republic of Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798331527174

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527181

Biometrics based on electromyogram (EMG) and inertial measurement unit (IMU) signals has received significant attention due to its resistance to forgery and tampering, as well as its relatively higher convenience and security compared to other biometric modalities. However, most EMG and IMU signal-based authentication methods require explicit authentication using unnatural gestures, which is not userfriendly. To address this, we collected EMG and IMU data during virtual reality (VR) rhythm game play, which does not require explicit gestures, and performed implicit authentication. Using a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier, we achieved classification accuracies of 91.71% for human identification and 87.91% for human authentication. The result demonstrated the feasibility of a seamless and implicit authentication in VR environments.

关键词： Biometrics Solid modeling Measurement units Accuracy Authentication Inertial navigation Games Virtual reality Rhythm Electromyography

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