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The evolutionary history of 2,658 cancers (vol 578, pg 122, 2020)

NATURE 2023年第7948期614卷 E42-E42页

作者： Gerstung, Moritz Jolly, Clemency Leshchiner, Ignaty Dentro, Stefan C. Gonzalez, Santiago Rosebrock, Daniel Mitchell, Thomas J. Rubanova, Yulia Anur, Pavana Yu, Kaixian Tarabichi, Maxime Deshwar, Amit Wintersinger, Jeff Kleinheinz, Kortine Vazquez-Garcia, Ignacio Haase, Kerstin Jerman, Lara Sengupta, Subhajit Macintyre, Geoff Malikic, Salem Donmez, Nilgun Livitz, Dimitri G. Cmero, Marek Demeulemeester, Jonas Schumacher, Steven Fan, Yu Yao, Xiaotong Lee, Juhee Schlesner, Matthias Boutros, Paul C. Bowtell, David D. Zhu, Hongtu Getz, Gad Imielinski, Marcin Beroukhim, Rameen Sahinalp, S. Cenk Ji, Yuan Peifer, Martin Markowetz, Florian Mustonen, Ville Yuan, Ke Wang, Wenyi Morris, Quaid D. Spellman, Paul T. Wedge, David C. Van Loo, Peter European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Cambridge UK European Molecular Biology Laboratory Genome Biology Unit Heidelberg Germany Wellcome Sanger Institute Cambridge UK Genome Biology Unit European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Heidelberg Germany University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia The Francis Crick Institute London UK Big Data Institute University of Oxford Oxford UK Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton UK Big Data Institute Li Ka Shing Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics Centre for Mathematical Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA Department of Statistics Columbia University New York NY USA Department of Haematology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK University of Leuven Leuven Belgium Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA USA Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford UK Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Vector Institute Toronto Ontario Canada Vector Institute Toronto ON Canada Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Toronto Ontario Canada University of California Los Angeles

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Abstracts

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JOURNAL OF SPINAL CORD MEDICINE 2021年第SUPPL 1期44卷 S278-S324页

作者： [Anonymous] Department of Medicine Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Toronto Toronto ON CA KITE - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute University Health Network Toronto ON CA Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation University of Toronto Toronto ON CA Rehabilitation Sciences Institute University of Toronto Toronto ON CA Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto ON CA. Rehabilitation Sciences Institute University of Toronto ON CA KITE Research Institute-Toronto Rehab-University Health Network Toronto ON CA Physical Therapy Department University of Toronto ON CA Praxis Spinal Cord Institute Vancouver BC Université de Montréal (École de réadaptation) Montreal QC CA Institut de réadaptation Gingras-Linsay-de-Montréal Montreal QC CA Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB CA University of Calgary Calgary AB CA Alberta Health Services Centre for Family Medicine Kitchener ON CA McMaster University Department of Family Medicine Hamilton ON CA Dept. of Physical Therapy University of Toronto Toronto ON CA KITE-University Health Network Toronto ON CA Praxis Spinal Cord Institute Vancouver BC CA Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS) Quebec City QC CA Dept. of Rehabilitation Laval University Quebec City QC CA Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation University of Toronto Toronto ON CA School of Rehabilitation Science University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK CA Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation Toronto ON CA Canadian Spinal Research Organization Toronto ON CA CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l ‘Île-de-Montréal (Installation Gingras-Lindsay) Montréal QC CA École de réadaptation Université de Montréal Montréal QC CA First Steps Wellness Centre Regina SK CA Stan Cassidy Centre for Rehabilitation Horizon Health Network Fredericton NB CA Departmen

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Self-Awareness for Autonomous Systems

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2020年第7期108卷 971-975页

作者： Dutt, Nikil Regazzoni, Carlo S. Rinner, Bernhard Yao, Xin Nikil Dutt (Fellow IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign Champaign IL USA in 1989.""He is currently a Distinguished Professor of computer science (CS) cognitive sciences and electrical engineering and computer sciences (EECS) with the University of California at Irvine Irvine CA USA. He is a coauthor of seven books. His research interests include embedded systems electronic design automation (EDA) computer architecture distributed systems healthcare Internet of Things (IoT) and brain-inspired architectures and computing.""Dr. Dutt is a Fellow of ACM. He was a recipient of the IFIP Silver Core Award. He has received numerous best paper awards. He serves as the Steering Committee Chair of the IEEE/ACM Embedded Systems Week (ESWEEK). He is also on the steering organizing and program committees of several premier EDA and embedded system design conferences and workshops. He has served on the Editorial Boards for the IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems and the ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems and also previously served as the Editor-in-Chief (EiC) for the ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems. He served on the Advisory Boards of the IEEE Embedded Systems Letters the ACM Special Interest Group on Embedded Systems the ACM Special Interest Group on Design Automationt and the ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems. Carlo S. Regazzoni (Senior Member IEEE) received the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electronic and telecommunications engineering from the University of Genoa Genoa Italy in 1987 and 1992 respectively.""He is currently a Full Professor of cognitive telecommunications systems with the Department of Electrical Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture (DITEN) University of Genoa and a Co-Ordinator of the Joint Doctorate on Interactive and Cognitive Environments (JDICE) international Ph.D. course started initially as EU Erasmus Mundus Project and

Autonomous systems are able to make decisions and potentially take actions without direct human intervention, which requires some knowledge about the system and its environment as well as goal-oriented reasoning. In computer systems, one can derive such behavior from the concept of a rational agent with autonomy (“control over its own actions”), reactivity (“react to events from the environment”), proactivity (“act on its own initiative”), and sociality (“interact with other agents”) as fundamental properties \n[1]\n. Autonomous systems will undoubtedly pervade into our everyday lives, and we will find them in a variety of domains and applications including robotics, transportation, health care, communications, and entertainment to name a few. \nThe articles in this month’s special issue cover concepts and fundamentals, architectures and techniques, and applications and case studies in the exciting area of self-awareness in autonomous systems.

关键词： Special issues and sections Autonomous systems Self-aware Robot sensing systems Computational modeling

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Resonant photonic structures in porous silicon for biosensing 9

Resonant photonic structures in porous silicon for biosensin...

引用

Frontiers in Biological Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems IX

作者： Zhao, Yiliang Rodriguez, Gilberto A. Graham, Yasmin M. Cao, Tengfei Gaur, Girija Weiss, Sharon M. Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County BaltimoreMD21250 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781510606043

ISBN: (纸本)9781510606036

The formation of resonant photonic structures in porous silicon leverages the benefit of high surface area for improved molecular capture that is characteristic of porous materials with the advantage of high detection sensitivity that is a feature of resonant optical devices. This review provides an overview of the biosensing capabilities of a variety of resonant porous silicon photonic structures including microcavities, Bloch surface waves, ring resonators, and annular Bragg resonators. Detection sensitivities > 1000 nm/RIU are achieved for small molecule detection. The challenge of detecting molecules that approach and exceed the pore diameter is also addressed. © 2017 SPIE.

关键词： Porous silicon

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Quantized memory-augmented neural networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Park, Seongsik Kim, Seijoon Lee, Seil Bae, Ho Yoon, Sungroh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Memory-augmented neural networks (MANNs) refer to a class of neural network models equipped with external memory (such as neural Turing machines and memory networks). These neural networks outperform conventional recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in terms of learning long-term dependency, allowing them to solve intriguing AI tasks that would otherwise be hard to address. This paper concerns the problem of quantizing MANNs. Quantization is known to be effective when we deploy deep models on embedded systems with limited resources. Furthermore, quantization can substantially reduce the energy consumption of the inference procedure. These benefits justify recent developments of quantized multilayer perceptrons, convolutional networks, and RNNs. However, no prior work has reported the successful quantization of MANNs. The in-depth analysis presented here reveals various challenges that do not appear in the quantization of the other networks. Without addressing them properly, quantized MANNs would normally suffer from excessive quantization error which leads to degraded performance. In this paper, we identify memory addressing (specifically, content-based addressing) as the main reason for the performance degradation and propose a robust quantization method for MANNs to address the challenge. In our experiments, we achieved a computation-energy gain of 22× with 8-bit fixed-point and binary quantization compared to the floating-point implementation. Measured on the bAbI dataset, the resulting model, named the quantized MANN (Q-MANN), improved the error rate by 46% and 30% with 8-bit fixed-point and binary quantization, respectively, compared to the MANN quantized using conventional techniques. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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High-Throughput Screening: One-Step Generation of a Drug-Releasing Hydrogel Microarray-On-A-Chip for Large-Scale Sequential Drug Combination Screening (Adv. Sci. 3/2019)

引用

Advanced Science 2019年第3期6卷 1970014-1970014页

作者： Seo Woo Song Su Deok Kim Dong Yoon Oh Yongju Lee Amos Chungwon Lee Yunjin Jeong Hyung Jong Bae Daewon Lee Sumin Lee Jiyun Kim Sunghoon Kwon Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 South Korea Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence Seoul National University Seoul 08826 South Korea Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA Nano Systems Institute Seoul National University Seoul 08826 South Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 South Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan 44919 South Korea

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Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 air pollution, 1990–2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet Planetary Health 2022年第7期6卷 e586-e600页

作者： Burkart, Katrin Causey, Kate Cohen, Aaron J Wozniak, Sarah S Salvi, Devashri Digvijay Abbafati, Cristiana Adekanmbi, Victor Adsuar, Jose C Ahmadi, Keivan Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alipour, Vahid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amegah, Adeladza Kofi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Ansari, Fereshteh Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Aripov, Timur Babaee, Ebrahim Banach, MacIej Barnett, Anthony Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Bedi, Neeraj Behzadifar, Masoud Béjot, Yannick Bennett, Derrick A Bensenor, Isabela M Bernstein, Robert S Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bijani, Ali Biondi, Antonio Bohlouli, Somayeh Breitner, Susanne Brenner, Hermann Butt, Zahid A Cámera, Luis Alberto Cantu-Brito, Carlos Carvalho, Felix Cerin, Ester Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chauhan, Bal Govind Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine Chu, Dinh-Toi Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Daryani, Ahmad Davletov, Kairat De Courten, Barbora Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dhimal, Meghnath Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Duncan, Bruce B El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Eskandarieh, Sharareh Fareed, Mohammad Farzadfar, Farshad Fattahi, Nazir Fazlzadeh, Mehdi Fernandes, Eduarda Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A Freitas, Marisa Ghashghaee, Ahmad Gill, Paramjit Singh Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed Gopalani, Sameer Vali Guo, Yuming Gupta, Rajat Das Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie Hamadeh, Randah R Hamidi, Samer Hankey, Graeme J Hasanpoor, Edris Hassen, Hamid Yimam Hay, Simon I Heibati, Behzad Hole, Michael K Hossain, Naznin Househ, Mowafa Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Jaafari, Jalil Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Jha, Ravi Prakash Jonas, Jost B Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy Kasaeian, Amir Kaydi, Neda Khader, Yousef Saleh Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khatab, Khaled Khater, Amir M Kim, Yun Jin Kimokoti, Ruth W Kisa, Adnan Kivimäki, Mika Knibbs, Luke D Kosen, Soewarta Koul, Parvaiz A Koyanagi, Ai Defo, Barthelemy Kuate Kugbey, Nuworza Lauriola, Paolo Lee, Paul H Leili, Mostafa Lewycka, Sonia Li, Shanshan Lim, Lee-Ling Li Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Washington Seattle WA United States Research Insights and Innovation Seattle WA United States Health Effects Institute Boston MA United States School of Public Health Boston University Boston MA United States Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Department of Population Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Sport Science Department University of Extremadura Badajoz Spain School of Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) St Louis MO United States Health Management and Economics Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Community and Family Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast) Barranquilla Colombia Research Group in Health Economics University of Cartagena Cartagena Colombia Department of Biomedical Science University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Cardiology Department Ca

Background: Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 originating from ambient and household air pollution. Methods: We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2·5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposure–response curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM_2·5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100 000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM_2·5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM_2·5 exposure, with an estimated 3·78 (95% uncertainty interval 2·68–4·83) deaths per 100 000 population and 167 (117–223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. Approximately 13·4% (9·49–17·5) of deaths and 13·6% (9·73–17·9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2·5, and 6·50% (4·22–9·53) of deaths and 5·92% (3·81–8·64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South Am

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Silicon waveguide modulator with embedded phase change material

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2017年

作者： Miller, Kevin J. Hallman, Kent A. Haglund, Richard F. Weiss, Sharon M. Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States

Phase-change materials (PCMs) have emerged as promising active elements in silicon (Si) photonic systems. In this work, we design, fabricate, and characterize a hybrid Si-PCM optical modulator. By integrating vanadium dioxide (a PCM) within a Si photonic waveguide, in a non-resonant geometry, we demonstrate ~ 10 dB broadband modulation with a PCM length of 500 nm. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Phase change materials

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A Reconfigurable DNA Accordion Rack

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Angewandte Chemie 2018年第11期130卷

作者： Yeongjae Choi Hansol Choi Amos C. Lee Hyunung Lee Sunghoon Kwon Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea Institute of Entrepreneurial Bio Convergence Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea

DNA nanostructure‐based mechanical systems that control the distance between elements of interest have demonstrated great potential for various applications, including nanoplasmonic systems, molecular reactors, and other nanotechnology platforms. However, previously reported systems could not collectively manipulate a 2D or 3D nanoscale network of elements to various forms in multiple stages. A reconfigurable DNA accordion rack structure is introduced that is a DNA beam lattice that changes its conformation with a small amount of short‐length DNA locks as the controlling input. The lattice shape of the 2D DNA accordion rack and the diameter and the height of the 3D DNA nanotubular structure made of the DNA accordion rack could be controlled. Furthermore, by sequentially repeating the detachment and the attachment of the different DNA locks using strand displacement, the shape reconfiguration was repeatedly carried out.

关键词： DNA-Nanomaschinen DNA-Nanotechnologie DNA-Strukturen Nanoporen Selbstorganisation

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Single Cell Genomics: Whole Genome Sequencing of Single Circulating Tumor Cells Isolated by Applying a Pulsed Laser to Cell-Capturing Microstructures (Small 37/2019)

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Small 2019年第37期15卷

作者： Okju Kim Daewon Lee Amos Chungwon Lee Yongju Lee Hyung Jong Bae Han-Byoel Lee Ryong Nam Kim Wonshik Han Sunghoon Kwon Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute of Engineering Research Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea BK21+ Creative Research Engineer Development for IT Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea Nano Systems Institute Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea Department of Surgery Seoul National University College of Medicine 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea Biomedical Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea Cancer Research Institute Seoul National University 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea

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