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2021 international Conference on biomedical engineering, ICoBE 2021

作者： Razak, N.N. Abd Sidek, K.A. Alaa, K.Y.D. Nasir, N.F. Mohd Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Kulliyyah of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Ha’il Saudi Arabia Biomedical Electronic Engineering Programme Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis Malaysia

Depression and stress are increasingly prevalent in today’s society, owing to people's hectic, competitive, and demanding lifestyles. These illnesses had become very common, particularly among young and middle-aged people, and suicidal ideation had been identified as one of the leading causes of death by the World Health Organization (WHO). Nature sound (sound of downpours or beach) has been linked to depression and anxiety in neurology research, and it has been shown to be an alternative to alleviate anxiety. The electroencephalogram (EEG) waveform has been discovered to possess the potential in identifying information from the brain signal as well as data from the past via Bluetooth communication. The waveform use in the study are the result of a few experiments. In this study, EEG data were collected from eight subjects, four males and four females, in between the age of 20 to 30 years old and in good health, using the BrainLink device. The participants were asked to listen to two playlists of zikr, Allah, Ya Allah, and SubhanAllah, during the experiments. To smooth the signal, the Butterworth filter was used. Later, the extracted features were Alpha, Beta, and Delta waves, which were segmented based on the filtered signal. To complete the decision-making stage, the average value of amplitude differences and the p-value test were performed in the final phase. Based on the results of the experiments, it is clear that zikr is dominant in Delta wave. In terms of data hypothesis analysis, the results of both experiment were differentiated to determine which brain signal was dominant, and p-value testing was performed. Furthermore, this research is an alternative to current methods because it suggest that zikr has the tendency to alter a person's brain state to be either in a relaxed or calm mode regardless of the type of zikr recitation. As an outcome, the study recommends the relationship of the reaction of EEG signal on brain relaxation with different types of zikr

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Analysis of groundwater and surface water quality using modelled water index and multivariate statistics in Kampala and Mbarara Districts, Uganda

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Discover Environment 2024年第1期2卷 1-17页

作者： Sanusi, Idris O. Olutona, Godwin O. Wawata, Ibrahim G. Onohuean, Hope Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis School of Pharmacy Kampala International University Ishaka-Bushenyi Uganda Industrial Chemistry Programme College of Agriculture Engineering and Science Bowen University Iwo Nigeria Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology School of Pharmacy Kampala International University Ishaka-Bushenyi Uganda Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Birnin Kebbi Nigeria Institute of Biomedical Research Faculty of Biomedical Science Kampala International University Ishaka-Bushenyi Uganda Biomolecules Metagenomics Endocrine and Tropical Disease Research Group (BMETDREG) Kampala International University Ishaka-Bushenyi Uganda Biopharmaceutics Unit Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School of Pharmacy Kampala International University Ishaka-Bushenyi Uganda

The demand for domestic, public and industrial use of water increases with population growth. However, activities from humans and natural environment have resulted into decline in water quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of groundwater and surface water collected from Kampala and Mbarara districts of Uganda using water quality index and multivariate statistics. A total of 10 physicochemical parameters (pH, water temperature, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, total solids, and phosphate) were measured monthly to evaluate the quality of water in the study districts. Results showed that sulphate, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids were observed with significantly high values in surface water than the groundwater for both seasons. Among all the parameters measured, electrical conductivity was observed with the highest value (2129.67 ± 1.41 µS/cm) while nitrate concentration (0.57 ± 0.02 mg/L) was observed with the lowest during the wet season in surface water. In addition, the mean values of nitrate, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and sulphate detected in the groundwater and surface water were within the recommended limits, while phosphate and chloride were observed with mean concentrations above the regulatory limits in 50% of the samples. The correlation analysis revealed strong and positive association between electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids in groundwater and surface water for both seasons. Also, the chemical make-up of groundwater and surface water within the study districts revealed that the determination of water quality rests on two major indices (conductivity and anthropogenic-pollutants) based on the factor analysis. The two indices accounted for 0.619% in groundwater and over 0.70% in surface water, indicating more pollution in surface water. Moreover, the water quality index (WQI) values obtained ranged from 14.

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A Novel Training Framework for Physics-informed Neural Networks: Towards Real-time Applications in Ultrafast Ultrasound Blood Flow Imaging

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Guan, Haotian Dong, Jinping Lee, Wei-Ning Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Biomedical Engineering Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation College of Chemistry and Life Science Beijing University of Technology Beijing100020 China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong Biomedical Engineering Programme The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Ultrafast ultrasound blood flow imaging is a state-of-the-art technique for depiction of complex blood flow dynamics in vivo through thousands of full-view image data (or, timestamps) acquired per second. Physics-informed Neural Network (PINN) is one of the most preeminent solvers of the Navier-Stokes equations, widely used as the governing equation of blood flow. However, that current approaches rely on full Navier-Stokes equations is impractical for ultrafast ultrasound. We hereby propose a novel PINN training framework for solving the Navier-Stokes equations. It involves discretizing Navier-Stokes equations into steady state and sequentially solving them with test-time adaptation. The novel training framework is coined as SeqPINN. Upon its success, we propose a parallel training scheme for all timestamps based on averaged constant stochastic gradient descent as initialization. Uncertainty estimation through Stochastic Weight Averaging Gaussian is then used as an indicator of generalizability of the initialization. This algorithm, named SP-PINN, further expedites training of PINN while achieving comparable accuracy with SeqPINN. The performance of SeqPINN and SP-PINN was evaluated through finite-element simulations and in vitro phantoms of single-branch and trifurcate blood vessels. Results show that both algorithms were manyfold faster than the original design of PINN, while respectively achieving Root Mean Square Errors of 0.63 cm/s and 0.81 cm/s on the straight vessel and 1.35 cm/s and 1.63 cm/s on the trifurcate vessel when recovering blood flow velocities. The successful implementation of SeqPINN and SP-PINN open the gate for real-time training of PINN for Navier-Stokes equations and subsequently reliable imaging-based blood flow assessment in clinical practice. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Navier Stokes equations

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The Design and Developments of Protein-Polysaccharide Biomaterials for Corneal Tissue engineering

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Advanced Materials Technologies 2023年第15期8卷

作者： Prasathkumar, Murugan Dhrisya, Chenthamara Lin, Feng-Huei Sadhasivam, Subramaniam Biomaterials and Bioprocess Laboratory Department of Microbial Biotechnology Bharathiar University Coimbatore641046 India Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine National Health Research Institutes Miaoli County Toufen35053 Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10087 Taiwan B.Sc. Blended Programme Centre for International Affairs Bharathiar University Coimbatore641046 India

Corneal blindness is explained by a large reduction in vision loss caused by acute and chronic corneal diseases and/or disorders. Due to the severe unavailability of donor corneas, immune rejection, and the side effects of keratoprosthesis (KPro), vision-impaired patients are often unable to restore their vision. Corneal tissue engineering appears to be a promising method using natural polymers made from different layers of corneal cells such as epithelium, stroma, and endothelium or full tissue equivalents. Proteins and polysaccharides are able to mimic the chemical composition of the native extracellular matrix (ECM), which has been extensively studied for corneal tissue engineering. Additionally, protein-based materials are highly favored in corneal regenerative therapy as they have the proper cell-binding sites for cell adhesion, corneal innervation regeneration, and oxidative stress suppression, while polysaccharide-based materials can also promote cell proliferation and adhesion as well as ocular permeability. Herein, a comprehensive review of various biomaterials based on natural proteins (fibrin, fibrinogen, silk fibroin, collagen, gelatin, and serum albumin) and polysaccharides (chitin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, cellulose, and gellan gum) for corneal tissue engineering are provided. The protein-polysaccharide biomaterials are mainly used in the form of hydrogels, films, scaffolds, sutures, eye drops, nanocarriers, and nanocapsules to treat ocular diseases that cause blindness, such as corneal wounds, corneal ulcers, Goldenhar syndrome, corneal endothelium and stroma defects, corneal neovascularization, etc. In this review, insight is provided into recent developments in the areas of biomaterial design, cross-linking strategy, corneal cell selection, and frontiers that are expected to offer researchers support and creativity in the development of corneal regenerative medicine. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Regenerative Medicine

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Heavy metals pollution, distribution and associated human health risks in groundwater and surface water: a case of Kampala and Mbarara districts, Uganda

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Discover Water 2024年第1期4卷 1-14页

作者： Sanusi, Idris O. Olutona, Godwin O. Wawata, Ibrahim G. Onohuean, Hope Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis School of Pharmacy Kampala International University Ishaka-Bushenyi Uganda Industrial Chemistry Programme College of Agriculture Engineering and Science Bowen University Iwo Nigeria Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology School of Pharmacy Kampala International University Ishaka-Bushenyi Uganda Institute of Biomedical Research (IBR) Kampala International University Ishaka-Bushenyi Uganda Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero Birnin Kebbi Nigeria Biomolecules Metagenomics Endocrine and Tropical Disease Research Group (BMETDREG) Kampala International University Ishaka-Bushenyi Uganda Biopharmaceutics Unit Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School of Pharmacy Kampala International University Ishaka-Bushenyi Uganda

Groundwater and surface water quality is of great significance for humanity as they serve as the primary drinking water sources globally. Due to population growth and the need to provide people with necessities that depend on water as an essential resource, these bodies of water are becoming more polluted. The present study involved the collection of groundwater and surface water samples from Kampala and Mbarara districts in Uganda during the dry and wet seasons. Also, concentrations of lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) were analyzed in order to evaluate the toxicity of metals, identify potential sources, and determine the health risk associated with their presence in water. Results showed that metals were observed with higher concentration during the wet season than the dry season. The concentrations of Fe (8.646 ± 0.00 mg/L), Mn (2.691 ± 0.01 mg/L) and Cd (0.090 ± 0.41 mg/L) measured in groundwater were significantly higher than those measured in surface water. However, only Cu was observed with higher concentration (0.322 ± 0.06 mg/L) in surface water during the wet season. Furthermore, the degree of contamination (Cd) and the heavy metal pollution index (HPI) were evaluated for both the wet and dry seasons. Results showed that few samples were found in the category of portable drinking water while majority are within the “poor” and “very poor” classes which require proper treatment before consumption. The oral hazard index (HIoral) results showed that none of the samples are suitable for consumption; therefore, cause potential non-carcinogenic health issues to the consumer (HIoral > 1). Moreover, children are more at risk than adults in the study districts (higher HI values in both seasons). This study recommends frequent monitoring of quality of water and also effluent waste treatment by the major source of pollution.

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Development of a Platform to Assess the Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Manual Load Handling Activities - Preliminary Results

Development of a Platform to Assess the Risk of Musculoskele...

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Annual international Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Pablo Aqueveque Manuel Gutierrez Gustavo Retamal Enrique Germany Guisella Peña Britam Gómez Paulina Ortega-Bastidas Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile Ergonomics Department Faculty of Biological Sciences Universidad de Concepción Concepción Bío Bío Chile Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago Chile Kinesiology Department Faculty of Medicine Universidad de Concepción Concepcion Chile Healt Sciences PhD Programme International Doctoral School Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Madrid Spain

Risk identification on workstations is a crucial step to prevent the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in workers. The available methods and tools used by ergonomists to assess and estimate the risk related to manual handling of loads under repetitive work cycles are usually biased by the inter-evaluator error that can lead to a subjective determination of work-related risks due to the application of, mainly, observational methods. This paper shows the preliminary results of a platform to assess the risk of musculoskeletal disorders during manual load-handling tasks using an instrumented system and using the National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) method. Eight healthy subjects were measured during lifting activities using an optical-based and inertial-based motion capture systems. The developed software implements a semi-automated instrumented version of the NIOSH method, helping the evaluator with automated calculations of body segment locations, displacements and joint angles making it possible to obtain a objective risk classification. Also, we achieved a reduction of 85% in the time for the estimation of the necessary factors for the digital evaluation methodology, making the proposed platform a promising and attractive alternative for its application in real environments for risk *** health relevance— This work proposes an assistance tool for the detection of musculoskeletal disorders in activities related to manual handling of loads, essential to initiate modification strategies in the workplace, reduce the occurrence of occupational diseases and reduce the time of risk classification.

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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors

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ACS NANO 2023年第6期17卷 5211-5295页

作者： Luo, Yifei Abidian, Mohammad Reza Ahn, Jong-Hyun Akinwande, Deji Andrews, Anne M. Antonietti, Markus Bao, Zhenan Berggren, Magnus Berkey, Christopher A. Bettinger, Christopher John Chen, Jun Chen, Peng Cheng, Wenlong Cheng, Xu Choi, Seon-Jin Chortos, Alex Dagdeviren, Canan Dauskardt, Reinhold H. Di, Chong-an Dickey, Michael D. Duan, Xiangfeng Facchetti, Antonio Fan, Zhiyong Fang, Yin Feng, Jianyou Feng, Xue Gao, Huajian Gao, Wei Gong, Xiwen Guo, Chuan Fei Guo, Xiaojun Hartel, Martin C. He, Zihan Ho, John S. Hu, Youfan Huang, Qiyao Huang, Yu Huo, Fengwei Hussain, Muhammad M. Javey, Ali Jeong, Unyong Jiang, Chen Jiang, Xingyu Kang, Jiheong Karnaushenko, Daniil Khademhosseini, Ali Kim, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Il-Doo Kireev, Dmitry Kong, Lingxuan Lee, Chengkuo Lee, Nae-Eung Lee, Pooi See Lee, Tae-Woo Li, Fengyu Li, Jinxing Liang, Cuiyuan Lim, Chwee Teck Lin, Yuanjing Lipomi, Darren J. Liu, Jia Liu, Kai Liu, Nan Liu, Ren Liu, Yuxin Liu, Yuxuan Liu, Zhiyuan Liu, Zhuangjian Loh, Xian Jun Lu, Nanshu Lv, Zhisheng Magdassi, Shlomo Malliaras, George G. Matsuhisa, Naoji Nathan, Arokia Niu, Simiao Pan, Jieming Pang, Changhyun Pei, Qibing Peng, Huisheng Qi, Dianpeng Ren, Huaying Rogers, John A. Rowe, Aaron Schmidt, Oliver G. Sekitani, Tsuyoshi Seo, Dae-Gyo Shen, Guozhen Sheng, Xing Shi, Qiongfeng Someya, Takao Song, Yanlin Stavrinidou, Eleni Su, Meng Sun, Xuemei Takei, Kuniharu Tao, Xiao-Ming Tee, Benjamin C. K. Thean, Aaron Voon-Yew Trung, Tran Quang Wan, Changjin Wang, Huiliang Wang, Joseph Wang, Ming Wang, Sihong Wang, Ting Wang, Zhong Lin Weiss, Paul S. Wen, Hanqi Xu, Sheng Xu, Tailin Yan, Hongping Yan, Xuzhou Yang, Hui Yang, Le Yang, Shuaijian Yin, Lan Yu, Cunjiang Yu, Guihua Yu, Jing Yu, Shu-Hong Yu, Xinge Zamburg, Evgeny Zhang, Haixia Zhang, Xiangyu Zhang, Xiaosheng Zhang, Xueji Zhang, Yihui Zhang, Yu Zhao, Siyuan Zhao, Xuanhe Zheng, Yuanjin Zheng, Yu-Qing Zheng, Zijian Zhou, Tao Zhu, Bowen Zhu, Ming Zhu, Rong Zhu, Yangzhi Zhu, Yong Zou, Guijin Chen, Xiaodong 08-03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas 77024 United States School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 United States Microelectronics Research Center The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78758 United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 United States Colloid Chemistry Department Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14476 Potsdam Germany Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94305 United States Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Campus Norrköping Linköping University 83 Linköping Sweden Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE) and Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC) SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94301 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 United States Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 United States School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore Nanobionics Group Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Monash University Clayton Australia 3800 Monash

Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze continued...challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative

关键词： soft materials mechanics engineering flexible electronics conformable sensors bioelectronics human-machine interfaces body area sensor networks technology translation sustainable electronics

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Stochastic Exceptional Points for Noise-Assisted Sensing

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第22期130卷 227201-227201页

作者： Zhipeng Li Chenhui Li Ze Xiong Guoqiang Xu Yongtai Raymond Wang Xi Tian Xin Yang Zhu Liu Qihang Zeng Rongzhou Lin Ying Li Jason Kai Wei Lee John S. Ho Cheng-Wei Qiu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Singapore Wireless and Smart Bioelectronics Lab School of Biomedical Engineering ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 117593 Singapore School of Physics and Electronics Hunan Normal University Changsha Hunan 410081 China Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center Key Lab of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang The Electromagnetics Academy of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China Heat Resilience and Performance Centre Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 119228 Singapore Human Potential Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 119228 Singapore

Noise is a fundamental challenge for sensors deployed in daily environments for ambient sensing, health monitoring, and wireless networking. Current strategies for noise mitigation rely primarily on reducing or removing noise. Here, we introduce stochastic exceptional points and show the utility to reverse the detrimental effect of noise. The stochastic process theory illustrates that the stochastic exceptional points manifest as fluctuating sensory thresholds that give rise to stochastic resonance, a counterintuitive phenomenon in which the added noise increases the system’s ability to detect weak signals. Demonstrations using a wearable wireless sensor show that the stochastic exceptional points lead to more accurate tracking of a person’s vital signs during exercise. Our results may lead to a distinct class of sensors that overcome and are enhanced by ambient noise for applications ranging from healthcare to the internet of things.

关键词： Noise Non-Hermitean systems PT-symmetry Noise measurements

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Furfural removal from water by bioremediation process by indigenous Pseudomonas putida (OSBH3) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OSBH4) using novel suphala media: An optimization for field application

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Groundwater for Sustainable Development 2023年 20卷

作者： Maity, Jyoti Prakash Chandra Samal, Alok Rajnish, Kumar Singha, Shuvendu Sahoo, Tapas Ranjan Chakraborty, Sudip Bhattacharya, Prosun Chakraborty, Sukalyan Sarangi, Bhabani Sankar Dey, Gobinda Banerjee, Pritam Chen, Chien-Yen Chandra Santra, Subhas Environmental Science Laboratory Department of Chemistry School of Applied Sciences KIIT Deemed to be University Odisha Bhubaneswar751024 India Department of Environmental Science University of Kalyani Nadia West Bengal 741235 India ENVIS Programme Cell Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change Indira Paryavaran Bhawan Jor Bagh Road New Delhi110003 India University of Calabria Rende Italy KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group Department of Sustainable Development Environmental Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 10B StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Birla Institute of Technology Jharkhand 835215 India Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology National Chung Cheng University 168 University Road Ming-Shung Chiayi County62102 Taiwan Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences National Chung Cheng University 168 University Road Ming-Shung Chiayi County62102 Taiwan

The release of furfural as effluent from industries has been considered a major pollution source since it adversely affects health and the environment. In a proper nutrient condition, the indigenous microbial removal process is always considered efficient, economical, and eco-friendly. Thus, the main objective is to employ the effective indigenous bacteria to remove the furfural from wastewater. In the present study, the indigenous isolates OSBH3 (strain number) and OSBH4 (strain number) were isolated from furfural-containing-oily-sludge and were identified by 16S-rRNA technique with >99% nucleotide similarity as Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) (Acc. No. GU329915) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (Acc. No. GU329916) respectively. In a batch experiment, the furfural degradation was observed higher in the presence of the most efficient isolate P. putida (compare to P. aeruginosa) at different nutrient conditions including Suphala (Nitrogen-Phosphorous-fertilizer), glucose, and carbohydrate-free synthetic media (CFM). Generally, the furfural degradation rate was lower in CFM than the other substrates (Nitrogen-Phosphorous-fertilizer/glucose), in the presence of P. putida or P. aeruginosa. The furfural degradation efficiency was observed higher in presence of P. putida, compare to P. aeruginosa. Experimentally, the total (100%) degradation of furfural (500 mg/L) was noticed by P. Putida within 12h incubation time in presence of 1 mg/L Suphala. Even among different factors (based on ‘Taguchi L9 orthogonal array study’), the suphala (Nitrogen-Phosphorous-fertilizer) was influential in degrading the furfural at level 2, where the effects of pH and glucose were noticed at level 2 and level 2, respectively. The experimental findings supported the orthogonal array study positively. The bacterial (P. putida) growth rate and furfural degradation were promoted at the condition of 1 mg/L suphala, 2 mg/L glucose (pH 7.2), where the furfural was used by P. putida as the so

关键词： Glucose

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The Response of EEG Signal on Brain Relaxation Meditation Using Different Type of Zikr

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期2071卷

作者： N N Abd Razak K A Sidek K Y D Alaa N F Mohd Nasir Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Kulliyyah of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia. Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Ha'il Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Biomedical Electronic Engineering Programme Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis Malaysia.

Depression and stress are increasingly prevalent in today's society, owing to people's hectic, competitive, and demanding lifestyles. These illnesses had become very common, particularly among young and middle-aged people, and suicidal ideation had been identified as one of the leading causes of death by the World Health Organization (WHO). Nature sound (sound of downpours or beach) has been linked to depression and anxiety in neurology research, and it has been shown to be an alternative to alleviate anxiety. The electroencephalogram (EEG) waveform has been discovered to possess the potential in identifying information from the brain signal as well as data from the past via Bluetooth communication. The waveform use in the study are the result of a few experiments. In this study, EEG data were collected from eight subjects, four males and four females, in between the age of 20 to 30 years old and in good health, using the BrainLink device. The participants were asked to listen to two playlists of zikr, Allah, Ya Allah, and SubhanAllah, during the experiments. To smooth the signal, the Butterworth filter was used. Later, the extracted features were Alpha, Beta, and Delta waves, which were segmented based on the filtered signal. To complete the decision-making stage, the average value of amplitude differences and the p-value test were performed in the final phase. Based on the results of the experiments, it is clear that zikr is dominant in Delta wave. In terms of data hypothesis analysis, the results of both experiment were differentiated to determine which brain signal was dominant, and p-value testing was performed. Furthermore, this research is an alternative to current methods because it suggest that zikr has the tendency to alter a person's brain state to be either in a relaxed or calm mode regardless of the type of zikr recitation. As an outcome, the study recommends the relationship of the reaction of EEG signal on brain relaxation with different types of zikr

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