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ACS ES&T air 2024年第4期1卷 283-293页

作者： Xuan Liu Jay R Turner Christopher R Oxford Jacob McNeill Brenna Walsh Emmie Le Roy Crystal L Weagle Emily Stone Haihui Zhu Wenyu Liu Zilin Wei Nicole P Hyslop Jason Giacomo Ann M Dillner Abdus Salam Al-Amin Hossen Zubayer Islam Ihab Abboud Clement Akoshile Omar Amador-Muñoz Nguyen Xuan Anh Araya Asfaw Rajasekhar Balasubramanian Rachel Ying-Wen Chang Craig Coburn Sagnik Dey David J Diner Jinlu Dong Tareq Farrah Paterne Gahungu Rebecca M Garland Michel Grutter de la Mora Sina Hasheminassab Juanette John Jhoon Kim Jong Sung Kim Kristy Langerman Pei-Chen Lee Puji Lestari Yang Liu Tesfaye Mamo Mathieu Martins Olga L Mayol-Bracero Mogesh Naidoo Sang Seo Park Yoav Schechner Robyn Schofield Sachchida N Tripathi Eli Windwer Ming-Tsang Wu Qiang Zhang Michael Brauer Yinon Rudich Randall V Martin Department of Energy Environmental & Chemical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri 63130 United States. Air Quality Research Center University of California Davis Davis California 95616 United States. Department of Chemistry University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh. Air Quality Research Division Environment and Climate Change Canada Toronto Ontario M3H 5T4 Canada. Department of Physics University of Ilorin Ilorin 240003 Nigeria. Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City 04510 Mexico. Institute of Geophysics Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi 11307 Vietnam. Institute of Geophysics and Space Science Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa 1176 Ethiopia. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Singapore. Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada. Department of Geography and Environment University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta T1K 3M4 Canada. Centre for Atmospheric Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India. Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91109 United States. School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China. Research Laboratories Khalifa University Abu Dhabi 127788 United Arab Emirates. Institute of Applied Statistics University of Burundi Bujumbura BP1550 Burundi. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria 0001 South Africa. Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North-West University Potchefstroom 2531 South Africa. Department of Geography Geo-Informatics and Meteorology University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa. Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea. Department of Community Health and Epidemiology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3

Global ground-level measurements of elements in ambient particulate matter (PM) can provide valuable information to understand the distribution of dust and trace elements, assess health impacts, and investigate emission sources. We use X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize the elemental composition of PM samples collected from 27 globally distributed sites in the Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) over 2019-2023. Consistent protocols are applied to collect all samples and analyze them at one central laboratory, which facilitates comparison across different sites. Multiple quality assurance measures are performed, including applying reference materials that resemble typical PM samples, acceptance testing, and routine quality control. Method detection limits and uncertainties are estimated. Concentrations of dust and trace element oxides (TEO) are determined from the elemental dataset. In addition to sites in arid regions, a moderately high mean dust concentration (6 μg/m) in PM is also found in Dhaka (Bangladesh) along with a high average TEO level (6 μg/m). High carcinogenic risk (>1 cancer case per 100000 adults) from airborne arsenic is observed in Dhaka (Bangladesh), Kanpur (India), and Hanoi (Vietnam). Industries of informal lead-acid battery and e-waste recycling as well as coal-fired brick kilns likely contribute to the elevated trace element concentrations found in Dhaka.

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Estimating Aboveground Carbon Dynamic of China Using Optical and Microwave Remote-Sensing Datasets from 2013 to 2019

Journal of Remote Sensing

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Journal of Remote Sensing 2023年第1期3卷 19-34页

作者： Zhongbing Chang Lei Fan Jean-Pierre Wigneron Ying-Ping Wang Philippe Ciais Jérôme Chave Rasmus Fensholt Jing MChen Wenping Yuan Weimin Ju Xin Li Fei Jiang Mousong Wu Xiuzhi Chen Yuanwei Qin Frédéric Frappart Xiaojun Li Mengjia Wang Xiangzhuo Liu Xuli Tang Sanaa Hobeichi Mengxiao Yu Mingguo Ma Jianguang Wen Qing Xiao Weiyu Shi Dexin Liu Junhua Yan Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China INRAE UMR1391 ISPAUniversite de BordeauxF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere AspendaleVIC 3195Australia Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Universite Paris SaclayGif-sur-YvetteFrance Laboratoire Evolution et Diversite Biologique Universite Paul SabatierToulouseFrance Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Department of Geography and Program in Planning University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G3Canada College of Geographical Science Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 3500007FujianChina School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082GuangdongChina Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhuhai 519000GuangdongChina Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology International Institute for Earth System ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology Center for Spatial AnalysisUniversity of OklahomaNormanOKUSA LEGOS Universite de ToulouseCNESCNRSIRDUPS-14 avenue Edouard Belin31400 ToulouseFrance State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Climate Change Research Centre University of N

Over the past 2 to 3 decades,Chinese forests are estimated to act as a large carbon sink,yet the magnitude and spatial patterns of this sink differ considerably among *** 3 microwave(L-and X-band vegetation optical depth[VOD])and 3 optical(normalized difference vegetation index,leaf area index,and tree cover)remote-sensing vegetation products,this study compared the estimated live woody aboveground biomass carbon(AGC)dynamics over China between 2013 and *** results showed that tree cover has the highest spatial consistency with 3 published AGC maps(mean correlation value R=0.84),followed by L-VOD(R=0.83),which outperform the other *** AGC estimation model was proposed to combine all indices to estimate the annual AGC dynamics in China during 2013 to *** performance of the AGC estimation model was good(root mean square error=0.05 Pg C and R^(2)=0.90 with a mean relative uncertainty of 9.8% at pixel scale[0.25°]).Results of the AGC estimation model showed that carbon uptake by the forests in China was about+0.17 Pg C year^(-1) from 2013 to *** the regional level,provinces in southwest China including Guizhou(+22.35 Tg C year^(-1)),Sichuan(+14.49 Tg C year^(-1)),and Hunan(+11.42 Tg C year^(-1))provinces had the highest carbon sink rates during 2013 to *** of the carbon-sink regions have been afforested recently,implying that afforestation and ecological engineering projects have been effective means for carbon sequestration in these regions.

关键词： estimation Remote microwave

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Dual-Targeting EGCG/NO-Supplying protein assembled nanoparticles with Multi-Synergistic effects against atherosclerosis

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Chemical Engineering Journal 2024年 493卷

作者： Lin, Chi Cheng, Tsai-Mu Liu, Yun-Chun Hsu, Fang-Yu Shih, Chun-Ming Tsai, Min-Lang Shih, Chun-Che Mi, Fwu-Long Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan The PhD Program for Translational Medicine College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Taipei Heart Institute Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Food Science National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung20224 Taiwan Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei11031 Taiwan Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Surgery Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Institute of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan Department of Surgery School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

Limited therapeutic options are available to effectively preventing atherosclerosis. Inflammatory endothelial cells, foamy macrophages, and high protease levels contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Studies have shown that catechins effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibit monocyte adhesion and reduce cholesterol levels, while nitric oxide (NO) enhances endothelial function. However, due to the poor stability and bioavailability of catechins and the toxicity from the burst release of current synthetic small molecules NO donor, effective delivery of these bioactive compounds to treat atherosclerosis is still a challenge. Herein, a catechin/protein-based NO donor co-delivery nanosystem was designed for combinatorial anti-atherosclerotic therapy. We engineered a (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)/NO-releasing protein co-assembled nanocomplex based on specific catechin-protein interactions. Furthermore, the nanocomplex was surface modified with fucoidan (Fu), a sulfated polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory activity. This nanocomplex exhibits sensitivity to ROS, pH, and enzymes. The Fu-functionalized nanoparticles specifically accumulates in atherosclerotic plaques mediated by P-selectin on inflamed endothelial cells and scavenger receptor A (SR-A) on foamy macrophages. Under environmental stimuli that simulate the condition of plaque, the nanoparticles are readily activated to release EGCG and NO in response to excess ROS and high protease levels, exerting the multi-synergistic anti-atherosclerosic effects on reducing monocyte adhesion, promoting NO production to proliferate endothelial cells, lowering ROS levels, and decreasing the foam cell formation in vitro, and reducing lipid accumulation, plaque size, and inflammatory cytokines release in high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis model in ApoE−/− mice. The integration of plaques targeting ability and multiple therapeutic functions can provide an advanced therapeutic strategy for athero

关键词： Nitric oxide

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Five million years of Antarctic Circumpolar Current strength variability

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Nature 2024年第8005期627卷 789-796页

作者： Lamy, Frank Winckler, Gisela Arz, Helge W. Farmer, Jesse R. Gottschalk, Julia Lembke-Jene, Lester Middleton, Jennifer L. van der Does, Michèlle Tiedemann, Ralf Alvarez Zarikian, Carlos Basak, Chandranath Brombacher, Anieke Dumm, Levin Esper, Oliver M. Herbert, Lisa C. Iwasaki, Shinya Kreps, Gaston Lawson, Vera J. Lo, Li Malinverno, Elisa Martinez-Garcia, Alfredo Michel, Elisabeth Moretti, Simone Moy, Christopher M. Ravelo, Ana Christina Riesselman, Christina R. Saavedra-Pellitero, Mariem Sadatzki, Henrik Seo, Inah Singh, Raj K. Smith, Rebecca A. Souza, Alexandre L. Stoner, Joseph S. Toyos, Maria de Oliveira, Igor M. Venancio P. Wan, Sui Wu, Shuzhuang Zhao, Xiangyu Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences University of Bremen Bremen Germany Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Climate School Columbia University Palisades NY United States Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Columbia University New York NY United States Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde Rostock Germany School for the Environment University of Massachusetts Boston Boston MA United States Institute of Geosciences Kiel University Kiel Germany International Ocean Discovery Program Texas A & amp M University College Station TX United States Department of Earth Sciences University of Delaware Newark DE United States Department of Earth & amp Planetary Sciences Yale University New Haven CT United States Berlin Germany School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY United States Research and Development Center for Global Change Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) Yokosuka Japan Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Rutgers The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick NJ United States Department of Geosciences National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Milano-Bicocca Milan Italy Climate Geochemistry Department Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC) Mainz Germany Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE) Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) CNRS-CEA-UVSQ Gif-sur-Yvette France Department of Geology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand Ocean Sciences Department University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA United States School of the Environment Geography and Geosciences University of Portsmouth Portsmouth United Kingdom Global Ocean Research Center Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) Busan South Korea School of Earth Ocean and Climate Sci

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) represents the world’s largest ocean-current system and affects global ocean circulation, climate and Antarctic ice-sheet stability^1–3. Today, ACC dynamics are controlled by atmospheric forcing, oceanic density gradients and eddy activity⁴. Whereas palaeoceanographic reconstructions exhibit regional heterogeneity in ACC position and strength over Pleistocene glacial–interglacial cycles^5–8, the long-term evolution of the ACC is poorly known. Here we document changes in ACC strength from sediment cores in the Pacific Southern Ocean. We find no linear long-term trend in ACC flow since 5.3 million years ago (Ma), in contrast to global cooling⁹ and increasing global ice volume¹⁰. Instead, we observe a reversal on a million-year timescale, from increasing ACC strength during Pliocene global cooling to a subsequent decrease with further Early Pleistocene cooling. This shift in the ACC regime coincided with a Southern Ocean reconfiguration that altered the sensitivity of the ACC to atmospheric and oceanic forcings^11–13. We find ACC strength changes to be closely linked to 400,000-year eccentricity cycles, probably originating from modulation of precessional changes in the South Pacific jet stream linked to tropical Pacific temperature variability¹⁴. A persistent link between weaker ACC flow, equatorward-shifted opal deposition and reduced atmospheric CO₂ during glacial periods first emerged during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT). The strongest ACC flow occurred during warmer-than-present intervals of the Plio-Pleistocene, providing evidence of potentially increasing ACC flow with future climate warming. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Palaeoceanography Palaeoclimate

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High-temperature mid-IR absorption and reaction kinetics of 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane: An experimental and theoretical study

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Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology 2023年 13卷

作者： Adil, Mohammad Giri, Binod Raj Mai, Tam V.-T. Szőri, Milán Huynh, Lam K. Farooq, Aamir Mechanical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia KAUST Clean Combustion Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia Molecular Science and Nano-Materials Lab Institute for Computational Science and Technology SBI Building Quang Trung Software City Tan Chanh Hiep Ward District 12 Ho Chi Minh Viet Nam University of Science Vietnam National University – HCMC 227 Nguyen Van Cu Ward 4 District 5 Ho Chi Minh Viet Nam Vietnam National University – HCMC Quarter 6 Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc Ho Chi Minh Viet Nam Institute of Chemistry University of Miskolc Egyetemváros A/2 Miskolc H-3515 Hungary School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering International University Quarter 6 Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

This work reports the mid-IR spectroscopy and reaction kinetics of 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane (2M13DO). We carried out spectroscopic measurements to deduce temperature-dependent absorption cross-sections of 2M13DO over a broad wavelength range of 8.4–10.5 μm (950–1190 cm⁻¹). For these measurements, we employed a rapidly tuning MIRcat-QT™ laser that can be operated either at a fixed wavelength or scanned mode over wide wavelength regions. By operating the laser at a fixed wavelength, we monitored the decay of 2M13DO behind reflected shock waves over T₅ = 1050–1400 K and P₅ = 0.7 and 2.6 bar. Our measured concentration time-histories of 2M13DO allowed us to directly extract the overall rate coefficients for the unimolecular decomposition of 2M13DO using the first-order rate law. We did not observe any pressure dependence in the measured rate coefficients, indicating that the reaction is close to the high-pressure limit. By employing the W1U composite method, we explored the important pyrolysis reaction pathways of 2M13DO in the reactive potential energy surface. Three important reaction channels, namely, 2M13DO → CH₂[dbnd]CHOCH₂CH₂OH (IM1), 2M13DO → 2CH₃CHO (P3), 2M13DO → CH₃ + 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl (P4) were identified. Below 700 K, IM1 forming channel is dominant, whereas CH₃CHO formation is dominant under our experimental conditions. Above 1500 K, the radical forming channel (CH₃+P4) takes over other channels. At higher temperatures, the contribution of the radical forming channel continually increases, accounting for ∼ 99% at 2000 K. We used the stochastic RRKM-ME model to predict the pressure and temperature dependence of the rate coefficients, k(T, P), and time-resolved species profiles. Our theory showed excellent agreement with the measured rate coefficients. These are the first direct determination of the rate coefficients of the unimolecular decomposition of

关键词： 2-Methyl-1,3-dioxolane Absorption spectra High-temperature Pyrolysis RRKM-ME calculations Shock tube

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Dysbiosis of gut microbiome contributes to glaucoma pathogenesis

MedComm - Future Medicine

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MedComm - Future Medicine 2022年第2期1卷

作者： Chen, Shida Wang, Yayi Liu, Yaoming Li, Fei Chen, Yang Fang, Xiuli Wen, Tao Xu, Shuyi Kermany, Daniel Deng, Shufang Li, Gen Zhang, Kang Zhang, Xiulan State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China Department of Ophthalmology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China Zhuhai International Eye Center Zhuhai People's Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Macau University of Science and Technology Zhuhai China MD/PhD Program School of Medicine Texas A&M University Bryan TX United States Novogene Bioinformatics Institute Beijing China Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou China Center for Biomedicine and Innovations Faculty of Medicine Macau University of Science and Technology Macao

Microbiome dysfunction is considered to contribute to the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disorder remains largely unknown. Here, we identified that the gut microbiome of glaucoma patients were rich in Dysgonamonadaceae, along with a lower level of Barnesiellaceae by metagenomic sequencing. This microbiome pattern is shown to increased the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the fecal and blood samples. Reducing these glaucoma-specific gut microbiome bacteria significantly reduced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss by alleviating the activation of retinal microglia cells and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines in acute glaucoma mouse model, whereas SCFAs treatment aggravated microglia activation. Mechanistically, reducing the glaucoma-specific gut microbiome bacteria decreased the retinal microRNA profile including MiR-122-5p, which led to neuroprotection through inhibition of retinal inflammation. We validated our results by showing that fecal microbiome transplantation from glaucoma patients significantly exacerbated retinal microglia activation and increased retinal inflammation. Our findings indicate that the change of gut microbiome is associated with glaucoma, by activation of retinal microglia and changing expression of retinal microRNAs, leading to retinal inflammation reaction and RGC loss. The gut microbiome may be a new target for the neuroprotection in glaucoma. © 2022 The Authors. MedComm – Future Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Sichuan international Medical Exchange & Promotion Association (SCIMEA).

关键词： glaucoma microbiome microglia microRNA retinal ganglion cells

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INTRODUCTION

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S1-S11页

作者： Boyer, T. Blunden, J. Dunn, R.J.H. NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom University of Maryland College Park Maryland Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California NOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center College Park Maryland Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg Germany Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Buenos Aires Argentina NOAA/OAR Physical Sciences Laboratory Boulder Colorado European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Bonn Germany Center for Geophysical Research and School of Physics University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais CEMADEN São Paulo Brazil Université Grenoble Alpes Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement IRD CNRS Grenoble INP Grenoble France Hampton University Hampton Virginia Seychelles Meteorological Authority Mahe Seychelles Section for Glaciers Ice and Snow Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Oslo Norway National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) CARRTEL Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon les Bains France Graduate School of Agriculture Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan Science Faculty Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia University of Bremen Bremen Germany NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder Colorado Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú Lima Perú Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UV-GVA) Valencia Spain Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Department o

In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. A

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Threatened species are disproportionately important interactors in a seed dispersal network in Southeast Asia

Integrative Conservation

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Integrative Conservation 2022年第1期1卷 25-39页

作者： Albert-Daviaud, Aurélie McConkey, Kim R. Jha, Nidhi Fontaine, Colin Kitamura, Shumpei Nathalang, Anuttara Savini, Chution Savini, Tommaso Forget, Pierre-Michel MECADEV UMR 7179 CNRS-MNHN and LabEx BCDiv Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Brunoy France School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham Malaysia Selangor Semenyih Malaysia National Biobank of Thailand National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathom Thani Thailand Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO) UMR 7204 CNRS-MNHN-UPMC and LabEx BCDiv Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Paris France Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Ishikawa Prefectural University Ishikawa Nonoichi Japan International College for Sustainability Studies Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand Conservation Ecology Program School of Bioresources & Technology King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok Thailand

Southeast Asia is a conservation priority region due to its high biodiversity—including megafauna—and high rates of defaunation, which has negative impacts on key ecological processes such as seed dispersal. Yet, seed dispersal interactions at the community level have rarely been described in this region. This is a major knowledge gap because medium-size and large animals are disproportionately affected by defaunation and they also have critical roles as seed dispersers. Hence, community-wide studies that encompass a full range of animal body sizes across diverse regions are required, to enable an improved understanding of defaunation impacts. Here, we (a) describe a highly diverse Southeast Asian seed dispersal network (Khao Yai National Park, Thailand), (b) assess the role of body size in identifying important animals and (c) determine if threatened species are disproportionately important in the network. The network is highly nested and modular, with species phylogeny, body size and seed size having a major influence on modularity;mammals and birds occupied different modules. Generalist species playing important roles in the network were mainly medium or large-sized. However, the largest disperser (elephants) played a relatively minor role in seed dispersal in this community, and bulbuls were important despite their small size. Many threatened animal species were important within the network as connector species and through their interactions with a larger number of plant species. Consequently, the resilience of this biodiversity hotspot is at threat by the potential nonrandom loss of the most important seed dispersers. © 2022 The Authors. Integrative Conservation published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG).

关键词： biodiversity frugivory Indo-Burma hotspot mutualism Thailand tropical rainforest

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Structural insights into light harvesting by antenna-containing rhodopsins in marine Asgard archaea

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Nature microbiology 2025年 1484-1500页

作者： Gali Tzlil María Del Carmen Marín Yuma Matsuzaki Probal Nag Shota Itakura Yosuke Mizuno Shunya Murakoshi Tatsuki Tanaka Shirley Larom Masae Konno Rei Abe-Yoshizumi Ana Molina-Márquez Daniela Bárcenas-Pérez José Cheel Michal Koblížek Rosa León Kota Katayama Hideki Kandori Igor Schapiro Wataru Shihoya Osamu Nureki Keiichi Inoue Andrey Rozenberg Ariel Chazan Oded Béjà Faculty of Biology Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel. Physical and Analytical Chemistry Department University of Jaén Jaén Spain. Department of Biological Sciences Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel. Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan. The Institute for Solid State Physics The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Experimental Sciences Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR) University of Huelva Huelva Spain. Centre Algatech Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Třeboň Czech Republic. Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic. OptoBioTechnology Research Center Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan. Department of Physics Technische Universität Dortmund Germany. Research Center Chemical Sciences and Sustainability University Alliance Ruhr Bochum Germany. Department of Biological Sciences Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. wtrshh9@***. Department of Biological Sciences Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. nureki@bs.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp. The Institute for Solid State Physics The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan. inoue@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp. Faculty of Biology Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel. alephreish@***. Faculty of Biology Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel. achazan@ethz.ch. Institute of Environmental Engineering ETH Zurich Switzerland. achazan@ethz.ch. Faculty of Biology Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel. beja@technion.ac.il. The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP) Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel. beja@technion.ac.il.

Aquatic bacterial rhodopsin proton pumps harvest light energy for photoheterotrophic growth and are known to contain hydroxylated carotenoids that expand the wavelengths of light utilized, but these have not been characterized in marine archaea. Here, by combining a marine chromophore extract with purified archaeal rhodopsins identified in marine metagenomes, we show light energy transfer from diverse hydroxylated carotenoids to heimdallarchaeial rhodopsins (HeimdallRs) from uncultured marine planktonic members of 'Candidatus Kariarchaeaceae' ('Candidatus Asgardarchaeota'). These light-harvesting antennas absorb in the blue-light range and transfer energy to the green-light-absorbing retinal chromophore within HeimdallRs, enabling the use of light that is otherwise unavailable to the rhodopsin. Furthermore, we show elevated proton pumping by the antennas in HeimdallRs under white-light illumination, which better simulates the light conditions encountered by these archaea in their natural habitats. Our results indicate that light-harvesting antennas in microbial rhodopsins exist in families beyond xanthorhodopsins and proteorhodopsins and are present in both marine bacteria and archaea.

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BIOS-02. RECAPITULATE TUMOR DIVERSION AND SPATIAL PATTERNING IN GLIOBLASTOMA BACKGROUND

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Neuro-Oncology 2023年第SUPPLEMENT_5期25卷 v20-v20页

作者： Lo, Wei-Lun Khoa, Hoang Dang Ta Chuang, Jian-Ying Division of Neurosurgery Shuang-Ho Hospital New Taipei City New Taipei Taiwan (Republic of China) PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica Taipei Taipei Taiwan (Republic of China) International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan (Republic of China)

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