Switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy is key to international energy transition efforts and the move toward net zero. For many nations, this requires decommissioning of hundreds of oil and gas infrastructure...
详细信息
Background: Asthma and atopic dermatitis are common allergic conditions that contribute to substantial health loss, economic burden, and pain across individuals of all ages worldwide. Therefore, as a component of the ...
Background: Asthma and atopic dermatitis are common allergic conditions that contribute to substantial health loss, economic burden, and pain across individuals of all ages worldwide. Therefore, as a component of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we present updated estimates of the prevalence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), incidence, and deaths due to asthma and atopic dermatitis and the burden attributable to modifiable risk factors, with forecasted prevalence up to 2050. Methods: Asthma and atopic dermatitis prevalence, incidence, DALYs, and mortality, with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), were estimated for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. A systematic review identified data from 389 sources for asthma and 316 for atopic dermatitis, which were further pooled using the Bayesian meta-regression tool. We also described the age-standardised DALY rates of asthma attributable to four modifiable risk factors: high BMI, occupational asthmagens, smoking, and nitrogen dioxide pollution. Furthermore, as a secondary analysis, prevalence was forecasted to 2050 using the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), air pollution, and smoking as predictors for asthma and atopic dermatitis. To assess trends in the burden of asthma and atopic dermatitis before (2010–19) and during (2019–21) the COVID-19 pandemic, we compared their average annual percentage changes (AAPCs). Findings: In 2021, there were an estimated 260 million (95% UI 227–298) individuals with asthma and 129 million (124–134) individuals with atopic dermatitis worldwide. Asthma cases declined from 287 million (250–331) in 1990 to 238 million (209–272) in 2005 but increased to 260 million in 2021. Atopic dermatitis cases consistently rose from 107 million (103–112) in 1990 to 129 million (124–134) in 2021. However, age-standardised prevalence rates decreased—by 40·0% (from 5568·3 per 100 000 to 3340·1 per 100 000) for asthma and 8·3% (from 1885·4
Technologies like additive manufacturing, microfluidics, and electrospray show a possibility of generating a variety of 3-Dimensional structures but seriously suffer in adapting and utilizing the wide variety of avail...
详细信息
The Hyper-Kamiokande project is a 258-kton Water Cherenkov together with a 1.3-MW high-intensity neutrino beam from the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). The inner detector with 186-kton fiducial vol...
详细信息
Fungal diversity notes is one of the important journal series of fungal taxonomy that provide detailed descriptions and illustrations of new fungal taxa,as well as providing new information of fungal taxa *** article ...
详细信息
Fungal diversity notes is one of the important journal series of fungal taxonomy that provide detailed descriptions and illustrations of new fungal taxa,as well as providing new information of fungal taxa *** article is the 11th contribution to the fungal diversity notes series,in which 126 taxa distributed in two phyla,six classes,24 orders and 55 families are described and *** in this study were mainly collected from Italy by Erio Camporesi and also collected from China,India and Thailand,as well as in some other European,North American and South American *** described in the present study include two new families,12 new genera,82 new species,five new combinations and 25 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions as well as sexual-asexual *** two new families are Eriomycetaceae(Dothideomycetes,family incertae sedis)and Fasciatisporaceae(Xylariales,Sordariomycetes).The twelve new genera comprise Bhagirathimyces(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Camporesiomyces(Tubeufiaceae),Eriocamporesia(Cryphonectriaceae),Eriomyces(Eriomycetaceae),Neomonodictys(Pleurotheciaceae),Paraloratospora(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Paramonodictys(Parabambusicolaceae),Pseudoconlarium(Diaporthomycetidae,genus incertae sedis),Pseudomurilentithecium(Lentitheciaceae),Setoapiospora(Muyocopronaceae),Srinivasanomyces(Vibrisseaceae)and Xenoanthostomella(Xylariales,genera incertae sedis).The 82 new species comprise Acremonium chiangraiense,Adustochaete nivea,Angustimassarina camporesii,Bhagirathimyces himalayensis,Brunneoclavispora camporesii,Camarosporidiella camporesii,Camporesiomyces mali,Camposporium appendiculatum,Camposporium multiseptatum,Camposporium septatum,Canalisporium aquaticium,Clonostachys eriocamporesiana,Clonostachys eriocamporesii,Colletotrichum hederiicola,Coniochaeta vineae,Conioscypha verrucosa,Cortinarius ainsworthii,Cortinarius aurae,Cortinarius britannicus,Cortinarius heatherae,Cortinarius scoticus,Cortinarius subsaniosus,Cytospora fusispor
This research explores synergistic pre-treatment parameters and chemometrics as applicable to systems level biogas related research frameworks (such as the sustainable development goals) for anaerobic digestion biomas...
详细信息
This research explores synergistic pre-treatment parameters and chemometrics as applicable to systems level biogas related research frameworks (such as the sustainable development goals) for anaerobic digestion biomass processes-policy. Specifically, the hypothesis that simple feedstock pretreatment-digestion methods can be applied to rapidly evaluate biochemical-biogas potential of anaerobically digested Carica papaya petioles was tested. Pretreatment parameters explored include hydration, i.e. 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and 1:10 substrate mass to water weight ratios and hydrochloric acid pretreatment chemistry, i.e. 1%—0.3 M, 3%—0.7 M, 5%—1.0 M, in batch digestions experiments with non-inoculated C. papaya petioles. Biomass feedstock was obtained from Edo State, Nigeria. Digestions were performed at ambient temperature, i.e. 27 °C, for 3 weeks. Pretreated C. papaya petiole samples were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to characterize spectra with characteristic absorbance ratios indicative of physicochemical changes in biomass that include;cross-linked lignin ratio, the lateral order index, and hydrogen bond intensity. Cumulative gaseous yields from C. papaya petiole digestions were fit to the modified Gompertz form and optimized with non-linear regression in Matlab® to derive mathematical parameters, i.e. daily maximum production rate of biogas, a lag phase prior to biogas production, and biogas potential. An optimum C. papaya petiole pretreatment digestion scenario, i.e. 1:4 substrate-to-water ratio and 3%, i.e. 0.7 M, HCl pretreatment resulted in a 150% increase in yield, (10.9 mL gas/g VS) compared to non-pretreated C. papaya petiole digestion. Analysis with the modified Gompertz form also suggests rapid biogas potential assessment can be performed in a few days-time, i.e. approximately 10 days with distinct visual characterization of individual digestion performance. It was concluded that the applied digestion procedures with the use of C. papaya peti
Identifying cues to contagious disease is critical for effectively tracking and defending against interpersonal infection threats. People hold lay beliefs about the types of sensory information most relevant for ident...
详细信息
Scientometrics and bibliometrics, the subfields of library and information science, deal with the quantity and quality of research outputs. Currently, various scientometric indices are being used to quantify and compa...
详细信息
Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Glo...
Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined;these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs;defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims;type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative r
暂无评论