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environmentally-friendly alkaline ionized water pretreatment and hydrolysis of macroalga via microwave-assisted heating to improve monosaccharide yield for bioethanol production

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Process Safety and environmental Protection 2024年 189卷 702-713页

作者： Chen, Wei-Hsin Liu, Li-Xuan Khoo, Kuan Shiong Sheen, Herng-Kuang Kwon, Eilhann E. Saravanakumar, Ayyadurai Chang, Jo-Shu Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411 Taiwan International Master Degree Program on Energy National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan Sugar Business Division Taiwan Sugar Corporation Taiwan701 Taiwan Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering Hanyang University Seoul04763 Korea Republic of Directorate of Research SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chengalpattu District Tamil Nadu Kattankulathur603203 India Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science College of Engineering Tunghai University Taichung Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan

This study synthesizes three sequential steps: pretreatment, acid hydrolysis, and enzyme hydrolysis for bioethanol and hydrochar production from macroalga Gracilaria. The Taguchi method is employed separately in each step to optimize relevant operating factors, aiming to maximize the monosaccharide yield. During pretreatment, environmentally friendly alkaline ionized water is utilized as it does not contain chemical additives. Afterward, microwave-assisted hydrolysis is adopted to enhance the monosaccharide yield of the macroalga for bioenergy production. The results show that the total sugar of Gracilaria undergoing acid hydrolysis alone is 28.72 g‧L−1. The total sugar content after alkaline pretreatment followed by acid hydrolysis is 32.64 g‧L−1, and it increases to 34.76 g‧L−1 after adding enzymes. Meanwhile, the higher heating value of Gracilaria increases from 10.884 MJ‧kg−1 to 12.620 MJ‧kg−1 after undergoing alkaline pretreatment. After the acid and enzyme hydrolysis processes, it increases to 15.164 MJ‧kg−1. The solid biofuel's calorific value increases by 39 % from the three-stage processes. The liquid product combined with Saccharomyces cerevisiae can produce bioethanol, while the produced hydrochar can be used as a solid fuel. This research promotes the development of macroalgal biomass for energy and environmental applications, thereby advancing the circular bioeconomy. © 2024 The Institution of Chemical Engineers

关键词： Ethanol

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PET-derived bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate as a new linker source for solvent-free and hydrothermal synthesis of BDC-based MOFs

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Materials Today Nano 2024年 25卷

作者： Krisbiantoro, Philip Anggo Kuo, Tzu-Jung Chang, Yu-Chia Liao, Weisheng Sun, Jih-Peng Yang, Chun-Yen Kamiya, Yuichi Shieh, Fa-Kuen Chen, Chia-Chin Wu, Kevin C.-W Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Nishi 5 Kita 10 Kita-ku Sapporo060-0810 Japan Department of Chemistry National Central University Taoyuan32001 Taiwan Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Chung-Li Taoyuan Taiwan

To date, the high cost of organic linkers and the energy-consuming synthesis processes remain two of the main challenges for the commercialization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Herein, we demonstrate that polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-derived bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) is a new linker source that enables the facile solvent-free and hydrothermal synthesis of BDC-based MOFs. Using BHET as a linker source, UiO-66(Zr) was rapidly synthesized via a solvent-free "grind and bake" technique, while Ca-BDC and Ba-BDC were easily obtained by using hydrothermal synthesis. We found that the hydrolysis of BHET to terephthalate anion (BDC2−) over proton produced from the hydrolysis/clustering of Zr precursor and hydroxyl anion produced from the dissolution of M(OH)2 (M = Ca or Ba) was the key to the crystal growth of solvent-free synthesized UiO-66(Zr) and hydrothermally synthesized M-BDC (M = Ca or Ba), respectively. While the as-synthesized UiO-66(Zr) was highly active for the esterification of lactic acid (LA) with ethanol (EtOH), Ca-BDC and Ba-BDC exhibited remarkable electrochemical performance for lithium storage. Our strategy provides a major step towards realizing the idea of a more facile, green, and low-cost synthesis of PET-derived MOFs compared to prior arts applicable for catalysis and energy applications. © 2024

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Structural insights into the molecular mechanism of phytoplasma immunodominant membrane protein

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IUCrJ 2024年第PT 3期11卷 384-394页

作者： Chang Yi Liu Han Pin Cheng Chan Pin Lin Yi Ting Liao Tzu Ping Ko Shin Jen Lin Shih Shun Lin Hao Ching Wang The PhD Program for Translational Medicine College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan. Institute of Biotechnology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan. Institute of Biological Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan. International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan.

Immunodominant membrane protein (IMP) is a prevalent membrane protein in phytoplasma and has been confirmed to be an F-actin-binding protein. However, the intricate molecular mechanisms that govern the function of IMP require further elucidation. In this study, the X-ray crystallographic structure of IMP was determined and insights into its interaction with plant actin are provided. A comparative analysis with other proteins demonstrates that IMP shares structural homology with talin rod domain-containing protein 1 (TLNRD1), which also functions as an F-actin-binding protein. Subsequent molecular-docking studies of IMP and F-actin reveal that they possess complementary surfaces, suggesting a stable interaction. The low potential energy and high confidence score of the IMP-F-actin binding model indicate stable binding. Additionally, by employing immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, it was discovered that IMP serves as an interaction partner for the phytoplasmal effector causing phyllody 1 (PHYL1). It was then shown that both IMP and PHYL1 are highly expressed in the S2 stage of peanut witches' broom phytoplasma-infected Catharanthus roseus. The association between IMP and PHYL1 is substantiated through in vivo immunoprecipitation, an in vitro cross-linking assay and molecular-docking analysis. Collectively, these findings expand the current understanding of IMP interactions and enhance the comprehension of the interaction of IMP with plant F-actin. They also unveil a novel interaction pathway that may influence phytoplasma pathogenicity and host plant responses related to PHYL1. This discovery could pave the way for the development of new strategies to overcome phytoplasma-related plant diseases.

关键词： X-ray crystallography actin-binding proteins immunodominant membrane proteins phytoplasma protein structure α-helix bundles

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Self-Protecting Pvdf-Pda-Tio2 Membranes Towards Highly Efficient and Prolonged Dye Wastewater Treatment by Photocatalytic Membranes

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Le, Thi My Hanh Sairiam, Sermpong International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Water Science and Technology for Sustainable Environment Research Unit Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand

The long-term functioning of photocatalytic membranes is difficult due to the poor binding stability of nanoparticles on the membrane surface and the low stability of the membrane to UV radiation. In this respect, PVDF hollow fiber membranes with sandwich-like structure were pretreated by polydopamine (PDA), a bioadhesive, for 1-4 h before coating with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2). SEM and EDX results showed that TiO2 strongly adhered to the PDA-pretreated membrane even after ultrasonic treatment. The PDA layer protected the membranes from UV irradiation;the PVDF-TiO2 membrane without PDA pretreatment was destroyed after 24 h UV-irradiated, while the membranes treated with PDA for 2 h and longer remained unchanged. Consequently, the PVDF-PDA-TiO2 membranes exhibited high self-cleaning properties, stable permeate flux and dye rejection performance, and high reusability. Compared with the original membrane, the application of PVDF membrane coated with PDA for 2 h and TiO2 self-assembly for 1 h (PVDF-PDA-2h-TiO2-1h) reduced the permeate flux by 27.2% due to increased hydraulic resistance, but the Reactive Red 239 rejection rate and the flux recovery rate increased by 13% and 40%, respectively;also, 60% COD removal was achieved. This study demonstrates that the obtained PVDF-PDA-TiO2 membranes with PDA pretreatment for 2 h and longer have the potential to perform prolonged membrane filtration with high-performance stability for dye wastewater treatment. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Mississippi Burning: An Exploration of Community Noise Levels from a Rural Mississippi Community Grappling with Wood Pellet Production Manufacturing

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Walker, Erica D. Franzen Lee, Nina Nica, C. Barnes, A. Graham, Barbara Martin, K. Community Noise Lab Department of Epidemiology Brown University School of Public Health ProvidenceRI02903 United States Environmental Science PhD Program College of Science Engineering and Technology Jackson State University JacksonMS39217 United States Greater Greener Gloster Project GlosterMS39638 United States

Wood pellets are being touted as a renewable and sustainable form of energy. As a result of this growing popularity, the global wood pellet market is expected to reach $16 billion by 2026. Currently, there are approximately 100 pellet manufacturing plants in the United States, with most of the production occurring in predominantly Black and poor communities in the rural South. At the request of residents concerned about the noise pollution emanating from wood pellet production plants in their community, we carried out a community noise exposure assessment. From August 2023 to March 2024, and working closely with a local community organization we measured a variety of noise metrics in Gloster, a wood pellet impacted city in rural Mississippi, comparing these noise pollution levels to a background community with no wood pellet industrial activity. We observed statistically significant higher levels of A-weighted, C-weighted, and Z-weighted sound in Gloster compared to Mendenhall. These differences persisted across different times of the day and days of the week. When examining the decibel levels for each of the center frequencies of the 1:3 octave band, this pattern persisted. Our preliminary findings suggest that a rural community’s soundscape can be negatively impacted by unchecked wood pellet manufacturing. We argue that the sound level differences in communities impacted by wood pellet manufacturing and those that are not, combined with the strategic placement of wood pellet plants in vulnerable communities in the rural south, may also be an environmental justice issue. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pelletizing

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Three out of one: revising the species delimitation of the tree fern Gymnosphaera salletii (Cyatheaceae), with particular reference to the foliar nectary

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Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 2024年第1期204卷 63-75页

作者： Li, Shu-Han Zuo, Zheng-Yu Chen, Cheng-Wei Pham, Van The Luu, Hong Truong Dong, Shi-Yong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China Biodiversity Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica National Taiwan Normal University Taipei 115 Taiwan Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan Department of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei 106 Taiwan Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Management Science and Technology Advanced Institute Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Faculty of Applied Technology School of Technology Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Southern Institute of Ecology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

In Indochina the species diversity of Cyatheaceae remains insufficiently known. Here we demonstrate the scaly tree fern Gymnosphaera salletii in Vietnam to be an assemblage of three distinct species based on molecular and morphological data, and report for the first time the occurrence of foliar nectaries in Gymnosphaera. The true G. salletii is morphologically unique based on the protuberant glands present on the petiole. Gymnosphaera phankelocii sp. nov. and Gymnosphaera vietnamensis sp. nov. are recognized as new species;G. phankelocii is characterized by its distant two-rowed sori and G. vietnamensis by the sub-tripinnate fronds. Our phylogenetic analyses indicated that G. phankelocii is a relatively isolated species, while G. vietnamensis is a member of the G. salletii clade along with G. austroyunnanensis, G. salletii, and G. saxicola. The two new species and members of the G. salletii clade are all local endemics, and provide good examples to understand the frequent local endemics and their evolution in scaly tree ferns. Eleven species of Gymnosphaera are now known from Indochina;we provide a diagnostic key to these species. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Linnean Society of London. All rights reserved.

关键词： Indochina morphology new species phylogeny taxonomy

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Recover energy and materials from agricultural waste via thermalchemical conversion (vol 5, pg 1200, 2022)

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ONE EARTH 2022年第12期5卷 1404-1404页

作者： Lee, Kuan-Tieng Chen, Wei-Hsin Sarles, Paul Park, Young-Kwon Ok, Yong Sik Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung 407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung 411 Taiwan International Master Degree Program on Energy National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan School of Environmental Engineering University of Seoul Seoul 02504 Republic of Korea Korea Biochar Research Center APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea

Every year, at least 1,300 million tons of agricultural waste is produced, and the amount is likely to expand further in a world with a growing population to feed. Our current linear approach to handling this vast amount of waste via landfills and incineration has already contributed to about 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions and also created various toxic pollutants. There is an urgent need to sustainably manage agricultural waste that can benefit both the environment and humans. Thermochemical conversion emerges as a promising technology that can convert agricultural waste into a variety of valuable products, creating circularity opportunities. In this primer, we explain the thermochemical conversion of agricultural waste by illustrating four mainstreaming processes. We further discuss the potential tradeoffs of these processes in terms of their environmental externalities and reflect upon the potential toward a circular and net-zero future.

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Transmission of Rossby Waves Through the Philippine Archipelago

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Malugao, Mac Euan D. Jan, Sen Chang, Ming-Huei Ho, Tung-Yuan Yang, Yiing Jang Earth System Science Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei115201 Taiwan Taiwan International Graduate Program for Earth System Science National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Institute of Oceanography National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia Sinica Taipei115201 Taiwan Department of Marine Science College of Science and Mathematics Mindanao State University Iligan Institute of Technology Iligan City9200 Philippines

Oceanic Rossby waves play a crucial role in shaping the physical and biological dynamics of both open and coastal oceans, especially within the tropical band spanning between the 10°S and 10°N parallels. Yet, the extent to which Rossby waves can transmit and impact the hydrography and ecosystem of semi-enclosed seas like the South China Sea (SCS) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the transmission of Rossby waves through the Philippine archipelago, using satellite altimeter-derived sea level anomaly (SLA) and coastal tide gauge records. Our findings reveal that westward-propagating Rossby waves in the tropical Pacific Ocean with a wave speed of ~0.64 m s−1 first entered the Celebes Sea, and then passed through the Sibutu Passage into the Sulu Sea from April to December 2017. Subsequently, the waves propagated along the northeast coast of Sabah and the east coast of Palawan before exiting through the Mindoro Strait to the central SCS. Additionally, a β-refracted Rossby wave with wave speed of 0.28 m s−1 also penetrated the archipelago but at a higher latitude from July to November via Surigao Strait and propagated toward the south and north of Palawan, ultimately reaching the west coast of Palawan in the eastern central SCS. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sea level

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Nanoplastics impair growth and nitrogen fixation of marine nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria

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environmental Pollution 2024年 350卷 123960页

作者： Deng, Lixia Cheung, Shunyan Liu, Jiaxing Chen, Jiawei Chen, Fengyuan Zhang, Xiaodong Liu, Hongbin Department of Ocean Science The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology China Institute of Marine Biology National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan Center of Excellence for the Oceans National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China SZU-HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental Science Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Guangzhou China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology China

Nanoplastics pollution is a growing environmental problem worldwide. Recent research has demonstrated the toxic effects of nanoplastics on various marine organisms. However, the influences of nanoplastics on marine nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, a critical nitrogen source in the ocean, remained unknown. Here, we report that nanoplastics exposure significantly reduced growth, photosynthetic, and nitrogen fixation rates of Crocosphaera watsonii (a major marine nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that nanoplastics might harm C. watsonii via downregulation of photosynthetic pathways and DNA damage repair genes, while genes for respiration, cell damage, nitrogen limitation, and iron (and phosphorus) scavenging were upregulated. The number and size of starch grains and electron-dense vacuoles increased significantly after nanoplastics exposure, suggesting that C. watsonii allocated more resources to storage instead of growth under stress. We propose that nanoplastics can damage the cell (e.g., DNA, cell membrane, and membrane-bound transporters), inhibit nitrogen and carbon fixation, and hence lead to nutrient limitation and impaired growth. Our findings suggest the possibility that nanoplastics pollution could reduce the new nitrogen input and hence affect the productivity in the ocean. The impact of nanoplastics on marine nitrogen fixation and productivity should be considered when predicting the ecosystem response and biogeochemical cycling in the changing ocean. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Nitrogen fixation

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Amplifying concerns: An exploration of community noise levels in rural communities impacted by wood pellet production

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environmental Challenges 2024年 17卷

作者： Walker, E.D. Lee, N. Franzen Nica, C. Barnes, A. Graham, B. Martin, K. Community Noise Lab Department of Epidemiology Brown University School of Public Health Providence RI United States Environmental Science PhD Program College of Science Engineering and Technology Jackson State University Jackson MS United States Greater Greener Gloster Project Gloster MS United States

Wood pellets are increasingly promoted as a renewable and sustainable energy source, driving the global wood pellet market to a projected value of $16 billion by 2026. However, the rapid expansion of this industry disproportionately affects predominantly Black and low-income communities in the rural South, where approximately 100 pellet manufacturing plants are currently located in the United States. From August 2023 to March 2024, we conducted a noise exposure assessment in Gloster, Mississippi, a community affected by pellet production, and compared it to Mendenhall, a nearby community without industrial activity. In collaboration with a local organization, we measured noise metrics and found significantly higher A-weighted, C-weighted, and Z-weighted sound levels in Gloster, along with elevated decibels at multiple center frequencies. These findings suggest that wood pellet manufacturing can severely alter the soundscape of rural communities, raising environmental justice concerns. Our findings underscore the importance of investigating the cumulative health impacts of noise and other environmental burdens on these vulnerable communities to better inform policy. © 2024

关键词： Community noise environmental justice Low-frequency noise Mississippi Rural Wood biomass Wood pellet production

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