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Distinguishing transition systems with the nondeterministic behavior 21

Distinguishing transition systems with the nondeterministic ...

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21st Conference on Scientific Services and Internet, SSI 2019

作者： Burdonov, Igor Yevtushenko, Nina Kossachev, Alexandre Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of RAS 25 Alexander Solzhenitsyn str. Moscow109004 Russia

Test generation is an important issue when checking functional and nonfunctional requirements for components of distributed systems and formal models are utilized in order to derive test suites with guaranteed fault coverage, i.e., test suites which detect critical component faults. Finite transition systems are often used as such formal models and there are a number of methods for deriving complete test suites for Finite State Machines (FSMs) where each input is followed by an output. However, the FSM model is not always appropriate, as sequences of inputs can be applied before obtaining any output response or a sequence of output responses from a system under test, while this situation can be adequately handled using Input/Output (I/O) automata. When critical faults are enumerated, a test suite can be derived as a set of sequences distinguishing the specification I/O automaton from each considered mutant, and thus, techniques for deriving sequences which distinguish two I/O automata have to be elaborated. There are different notions of distinguishability and in this paper, we consider a so-called (adaptive) separability relation. If two automata which possibly have the nondeterministic behavior are (adaptively) separable then they can be distinguished by applying a corresponding (adaptive) input sequence only once differently from the quasi-equivalence and quasi-reduction relations where each test case has to be applied appropriate number of times under the so-called "all weather conditions" assumption. In this paper, we introduce the notion of a (adaptive) separating sequence for two I/O automata and propose a technique for deriving such a sequence for I/O automata of a special class where at each state, transitions under only inputs or under only outputs are specified. The length of a separating sequence if it exists is also briefly evaluated. Copyright © 2020 for this paper by its authors.

关键词： Automata theory

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Static Analysis for Go: Build Interception

Static Analysis for Go: Build Interception

引用

2023 ivannikov ISPras Open Conference, ISPras 2023

作者： Dvortsova, Varvara Izbyshev, Alexey Borodin, Alexey Belevantsev, Andrey Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the Ras Moscow Russia Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349993

This paper presents a method for build interception of Go projects and utilizing the intercepted information for building an intermediate representation used in a static analyzer. The paper discusses two approaches: handling invocations of the higher-level go build command and handling invocations of the lower-level compile tool. The second solution is applicable not only to the built-in Go build system but also to other build systems that directly utilize the low-level compile tool, such as Bazel, Please, Pants. It also covers compilations involving CGO. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Static analysis

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LibAFL-DiFuzz: Advanced Architecture Enabling Directed Fuzzing

LibAFL-DiFuzz: Advanced Architecture Enabling Directed Fuzzi...

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2024 ivannikov Open Conference, ISPras 2024

作者： Parygina, Darya Mezhuev, Timofey Kuts, Daniil Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS Moscow Russia Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331526023

Directed fuzzing performs best for targeted program testing via estimating the impact of each input in reaching predefined program points. But due to insufficient analysis of the program structure and lack of flexibility and configurability it can lose efficiency. In this paper, we enhance directed fuzzing with context weights for graph nodes and resolve indirect edges during call graph construction. We construct flexible tool for directed fuzzing with components able to be easily combined with other techniques. We implement proposed method in three separate modules: DiFuzzLLVM library for graph construction and indirect calls resolving, DiFuzz static analysis tool for processing program graphs and computing proximity metrics, and LibAFL-DiFuzz directed fuzzer based on LibAFL fuzzing library. We create additional LibAFL modules for enabling custom power scheduling and static instrumentation. We evaluate indirect calls resolving and get increase in directed fuzzing efficiency for reaching deeper target points. We evaluate context weights contribution and get benefits in TTE and scheduling iterations number. We evaluate our fuzzer in comparison with AFLGo and BEACON, and reveal speedup in time to exposure on several benchmarks. Furthermore, our tool implements some important usability features that are not available in mentioned tools: target points detection, multiple target points support, etc. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Directed graphs

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Casr-Cluster: Crash Clustering for Linux Applications

Casr-Cluster: Crash Clustering for Linux Applications

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2021 ivannikov Ispras Open Conference, ISPras 2021

作者： Savidov, Georgy Fedotov, Andrey Ivannikov Institute For System Programming Of The Ras Moscow Russia Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665423304

Crash report analysis is a necessary step before developers begin fixing errors. Fuzzing or hybrid (with dynamic symbolic execution) fuzzing is often used in the secure Development lifecycle. Modern fuzzers could produce many crashes and developers do not have enough time to fix them till release date. There are two approaches that could reduce developers' effort on crash analysis: crash clustering and crash severity estimation. Crash severity estimation could help developers to prioritize crashes and close security issues first. Crash clustering puts similar crash reports in one cluster what could speed up the analyzing time for all crash reports. In this paper, we focus on crash clustering. We propose an approach for clustering and deduplicating of crashes that occurred in Linux applications. We implement this approach as a tool that could cluster Casr [1] crash reports. We evaluated our tool on a set of crash reports that was collected from fuzzing results. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Security of data

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ISPras@FinTOC-2021 Shared Task: Two-stage TOC generation model 3

ISPRAS@FinTOC-2021 Shared Task: Two-stage TOC generation mod...

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3rd Financial Narrative Processing Workshop, FNP 2021

作者： Kozlov, Ilya Belyaeva, Oksana Bogatenkova, Anastasiya Perminov, Andrew Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS 25 Alexander Solzhenitsyn Str. Moscow109004 Russia

We propose a two-stage approach for TOC generation from financial documents. This work connected with participation in FinTOC-2021 Shared Task: "Financial Document Structure Extraction". The competition contains two subtasks: title detection and TOC generation. Our model consists of two classifiers: the first binary classifier separates title lines from non-title, the second one determines the title level. In the title detection task, we got 0.813 and 0.787 F1 measure, in the TOC generation task we got 37.9 and 42.1 the harmonic mean between Inex F1 score and Inex level accuracy for English and French documents respectively. With these results, our approach took third place among all submissions. As a team, we took second place in the competition in all categories. © Proceedings of the 3rd Financial Narrative Processing Workshop, FNP 2021. All rights reserved.

关键词： Finance

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User Defined Checkers for Static Analysis with Symbolic Execution

User Defined Checkers for Static Analysis with Symbolic Exec...

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2024 ivannikov Memorial Workshop, IVMEM 2024

作者： Galustov, Artemiy Borodin, Alexey Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS Moscow Russia Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504663

Many modern static analysis tools provide toolkits that allow creation of custom checkers by end users. The majority of existing solutions choose AST-based approaches to provide a simpler declarative API. Solutions based on dataflow analysis or symbolic execution use complex explicit APIs that require much more expertise to achieve decent results compared to AST-based checkers. Even though the latter approach is much more powerful simplicity of the former made it much more *** this paper we introduce SvaceAPI a tool to write checkers based on symbolic execution in a declarative way. We describe a simple pattern-based API that leverages symbolic execution and attributes provided by Svace. Testing the API on a couple of checkers and open source programs across the variety of languages showed the same quality results as for built-in Svace checkers without noticeable performance regressions. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Open source software

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Distributed algorithm of self-transformation of the distributed network topology in order to minimize the wiener index 21

Distributed algorithm of self-transformation of the distribu...

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21st Conference on Scientific Services and Internet, SSI 2019

作者： Burdonov, Igor Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS Alexander Solzhenitsyn st. 25 Moscow109004 Russia

We consider a distributed network, the topology of which is described by a undirected tree without multiple edges and loops. The network itself can change its topology using special "commands" supplied by its nodes. The paper proposes an extremely local atomic transformation: the addition of an edge connecting the different ends of two adjacent edges, and the simultaneous removal of one of these edges. This transformation is performed by a "command" from the common vertex of two adjacent edges. It is shown that any other tree can be obtained from any tree using only atomic transformations. If the degrees of the tree vertices are limited vy the number d (d 3), then the transformation does not violate this restriction. As an example of the goal of such a transformation, the tasks of maximizing and minimizing the Wiener index of a tree with a limited degree of vertices without changing the set of its vertices are considered. The Wiener index is the sum of the pairwise distances between the vertices of the graph. The maximum Wiener index has a linear tree (a tree with two leaf vertices). For a root tree with a minimum Wiener index, its type and a method of calculating the number of vertices in the branches of the neighbors of the root is proposed. Two distributed algorithms are proposed: the transformation of a tree into a linear tree and the transformation of a linear tree into a tree with a minimum Wiener index. It is proved that both algorithms have complexity not higher than 2n 2, where n is the number of tree vertice. Copyright © 2020 for this paper by its authors.

关键词： Network topology

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MPI-Based PFEM-2 Method Solver for Convection-Dominated CFD Problems 16th

MPI-Based PFEM-2 Method Solver for Convection-Dominated CFD...

引用

16th International Conference on Parallel Computational Technologies, PCT 2022

作者： Popov, Andrey Marchevsky, Ilia Bauman Moscow State Technical University Moscow Russia Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9783031116223

The description of the parallel solver of the Particle Finite Element Method, 2nd generation (PFEM-2), is given. Strategies for the parallelization of both mesh-related and particle-related substeps are outlined. The software implementation is based on the open-source FEM code ***. The parallel solution of incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with the excluded convective term is performed with the out-of-box tools of *** using additional libraries such as Trilinos and p4est. Several MPI-based subroutines are developed for particle transport processing, as well as for particle/mesh field projection operations. The presented PFEM-2 solver allows for simulating convection-dominated flows with a high CFL number on relatively coarse meshes. The submesh resolution of the velocity field is maintained by particles. The results of simulation and speed-up of computations for test problems using multi-core/multi-processor systems are shown. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Finite element method

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Test Derivation against Timed Finite State Machines with Output Timed Guards

Test Derivation against Timed Finite State Machines with Out...

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2023 International Russian Automation Conference, RusAutoCon 2023

作者： Tvardovskii, Aleksandr Yevtushenko, Nina National Research Tomsk State University Tomsk Russia Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the Ras Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345551

Approaches based on state machines are widely used to obtain guaranteed error coverage tests for discrete event systems. Many modern systems have time-dependent components, and thus, state machines are extended with clock variables and various time aspects, i.e. test synthesis methods must be adapted to new timed models. In this article, we consider Finite State Machines (FSM) with timeouts, input and output timed guards and show, how a test suite with guaranteed error coverage can be derived based on this model. The fault model and test derivation methods are based on the abstraction of the timed machine, i.e., on the FSM that describes the relevant aspects of the timed behavior. We consider two strategies for obtaining complete test suites under the assumption that the specification can be non-deterministic. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Discrete event simulation

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Using Homing Traces for Simplifying Passive Testing of Discrete Event systems

Using Homing Traces for Simplifying Passive Testing of Discr...

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2022 International Russian Automation Conference, RusAutoCon 2022

作者： Tvardovskii, Aleksandr Yevtushenko, Nina National Research Tomsk State University Tomsk Russia Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the Ras Moscow Russia

ISBN: (数字)9781665466554

ISBN: (纸本)9781665466554

The paper continues to study the use of state identification sequences for simplifying passive testing of discrete event systems. The knowledge of the current state of an implementation under test (IUT) which behavior is described by a Finite State Machine (FSM), can be utilized for effective monitoring only some critical properties or only some properties at critical states. The state identification can be performed by observing so-called homing IUT traces, i.e. input/output sequences which take the IUT to a known state independently of the initial state. In this work, we discuss homing trace derivation for FSMs which can be nondeterministic and partial. We also prolong the results obtained for classical Finite State Machines for those with timeouts, since nowadays, time aspects became very important for software and hardware systems. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Discrete event simulation

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