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Consensus algorithms for biased labeling in crowdsourcing

Information Sciences 2017年 382-383卷 254-273页

作者： Jing Zhang Victor S. Sheng Qianmu Li Jian Wu Xindong Wu School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 P. R. China Key Laboratory of Image and Video Understanding for Social Safety Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 P. R. China Department of Computer Science University of Central Arkansas Conway AR 72035 USA Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 P. R. China Institute of Intelligent Information Processing and Application Soochow University Suzhou 215006 P. R. China School of Computing and Informatics University of Louisiana at Lafayette LA 70504 USA

Although it has become an accepted lay view that when labeling objects through crowdsourcing systems, non-expert annotators often exhibit biases, this argument lacks sufficient evidential observation and systematic empirical study. This paper initially analyzes eight real-world datasets from different domains whose class labels were collected from crowdsourcing systems. Our analyses show that biased labeling is a systematic tendency for binary categorization; in other words, for a large number of annotators, their labeling qualities on the negative class (supposed to be the majority) are significantly greater than are those on the positive class (minority). Therefore, the paper empirically studies the performance of four existing EM-based consensus algorithms , DS, GLAD, RY, and ZenCrowd, on these datasets. Our investigation shows that all of these state-of-the-art algorithms ignore the potential bias characteristics of datasets and perform badly although they model the complexity of the systems. To address the issue of handling biased labeling, the paper further proposes a novel consensus algorithm, namely adaptive weighted majority voting (AWMV), based on the statistical difference between the labeling qualities of the two classes. AWMV utilizes the frequency of positive labels in the multiple noisy label set of each example to obtain a bias rate and then assigns weights derived from the bias rate to negative and positive labels. Comparison results among the five consensus algorithms (AWMV and the four existing) show that the proposed AWMV algorithm has the best overall performance. Finally, this paper notes some potential related topics for future study.

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An enhanced ID-updating hash-based RFID authentication protocol with strong privacy protection

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Journal of computers (Taiwan) 2016年第4期27卷 121-129页

作者： Shen, Jian Chang, Shaohua Tan, Haowen Ji, Sai Wang, Jin Jiangsu Technology and Engineering Center of Meteorological Sensor Network Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China

RFID authentication has raised many concerns about the security risks and privacy issues due to its lightweight authentication properties. Many research achievements in RFID focus on strengthening the entire RFID system and solving the security problems. Recently, a hash-based RFID security protocol with the intension of updating the identifier of the tag in both the reader side and the tag side itself was proposed. However, there exists inherent risk in the ID-updating procedure. In the scenario that the adversary blocks the legal messages continuously for several times, the backend processing system (BPS) cannot recognize the tag due to the desynchronization of the identifier in last several sessions. Thus the tag will be invalid and cannot be reused again. In this paper, we propose an enhanced ID-updating hash-based RFID authentication protocol with strong privacy protection. In our protocol the ID-updating procedure is resistant to de-synchronization attack. Additionally, the possible feedbacks towards different cases of the tag are taken into consideration. Our proposed protocol is proved to be effective and secure in real applications. Above all, the de-synchronization attack towards the communication between the tag and reader can be prevented according to our design. The identifier of the RFID tag is assumed to be updated with cryptographic hash functions during every session. In this way the identifier can be synchronized in both the BPS side and the RFID tag side. The location privacy of the tag can be protected in our protocol. © 2016, computer Society of the Republic of China. All rights reserved.

关键词： Radio frequency identification (RFID)

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Erratum to: A new lightweight RFID grouping authentication protocol for multiple tags in mobile environment

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2017年第21期76卷 22785-22785页

作者： Shen, Jian Tan, Haowen Zhang, Yan Sun, Xingming Xiang, Yang Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology School of Computer & Software Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China School of Computer & Software Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China Simula Research Laboratory of Norway and the Department of Informatics University of Oslo Oslo Norway Center for Cyber Security Research Deakin University Deakin Australia

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A new energy landscape paving heuristic for satellite module layouts

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic engineering 2016年第10期17卷 1031-1043页

作者： Jing-fa LIU Juan HUANG Gang LI Wen-jie LIU Ting-zhao GUAN Liang HAO Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China School of Computer & Software Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China School of Mathematics and Statistics Nanfing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China Office of lnformationization Construction and Management Nanjing University of lnformation Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China

This article describes a study of the satellite module layout problem （SMLP）, which is a three-dimensional （3D） layout optimization problem with performance constraints that has proved to be non-deterministic polynomial-time hard （NP-hard）. To deal with this problem, we convert it into an unconstrained optimization problem using a quasi-physical strategy and the penalty function method. The energy landscape paving （ELP） method is a class of Monte-Carlo-based global optimization algorithm that has been successfully applied to solve many optimization problems. ELP can search for low-energy layouts via a random walk in complex energy landscapes. However, when ELP falls into the narrow and deep valleys of an energy landscape, it is difficult to escape. By putting forward a new update mechanism of the histogram function in ELP, we obtain an improved ELP method which can overcome this drawback. By incorporating the gradient method with local search into the improved ELP method, a new global search optimization method, hELP, is proposed for SMLP. Two representative instances from the literature are tested. Computational results show that the proposed hELP algorithm is an effective method for solving SMLP with performance constraints.

关键词： Three-dimensional packing Energy landscape paving Layout optimization Performance constraints

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A heuristic scheduling algorithm based on PSO in the cloud computing environment

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International Journal of Future Generation Communication and networking 2016年第1期9卷 349-362页

作者： Xue, Shengjun Shi, Wenling Xu, Xiaolong School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China

In the face of a large number of task requests submitted by users, the data center in the cloud need not only to finish these massive tasks but also to satisfy the user's service demand. How to dividethe resources of the system reasonably and schedule these tasks efficiently isa problem that need be solved in the cloud computing. The task scheduling of workflow is a kind of scheduling model for the most partresearched in cloud computing. The scheduling goal is alwaysdecided by user's QoS(Quality of Service)and the scheduling goal of existing scheduling algorithm is alwayssingle. Based on the price model a scheduling algorithm is proposed which can realize the multiple targets in this article, and the scheduling algorithm is Service Cost Optimizationbased on Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO-SC).PSO-SC algorithm can adapt to dynamic cloud environment, and it not only shortens the completion time of tasks but also minimizesuser's cost of task when schedule tasks. In this paper, experiment and analyze the task scheduling of workflow under the cloud computing environment, and the experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has very good scheduling performance and can reachthe goal of task scheduling of tasks. © 2016 SERSC.

关键词： Scheduling algorithms

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Fingerprint liveness detection using difference co-occurrence matrix based texture features

International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineeri...

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International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous engineering 2016年第11期11卷 1-16页

作者： Xia, Zhihua Yuan, Chengsheng Sun, Xingming Lv, Rui Sun, Decai Gao, Guangyong Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing210044 China College of Information Science and Technology Bohai University Jinzhou121013 China School of Information Science and Technology Jiujiang University Jiujiang332005 China

Fingerprint authentication systems have been widely deployed in both civilian and government applications, however, whether fingerprint authentication systems is security or not has been an important issue under fraudulent attempts through artificial spoof fingerprints. In this paper, inspired by popular feature descriptors such as gray level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM) and Gradient (difference matrix (DM)), we propose a novel software-based fingerprint liveness detection algorithm called difference co-occurrence matrix (DCM). In doing so, quantization operation is firstly conducted on the images. DMs are constructed by calculating difference matrices of horizontal and vertical pixel values of images;difference co-occurrence arrays are constructed from the difference matrices between adjacent pixels. To reduce the influence of abnormal pixel values, truncation is used for DMs. Then, we compute four parameters (Angular Second Moment, Entropy, Inverse Differential Moment and Correlation) used as feature vectors of fingerprint images. For the first time in the fingerprint liveness detection, we construct eight difference co-occurrence matrices and extract texture features from processed DCMs. Finally, SVM classifier is used to predict classification accuracy. The experimental results reveal that our proposed method can achieve more accurate classification compared with the best algorithms of 2013 Fingerprint Liveness Detection Competition, while being able to recognize spoofed fingerprints with a better degree of accuracy. © 2016 SERSC.

关键词： Matrix algebra

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A packet loss tolerated method for data integrity protection in wireless sensor networks

International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineeri...

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International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous engineering 2016年第7期11卷 1-12页

作者： Wang, Baowei Yan, Jingzhou Li, Tao Sun, Xingming Ma, Li School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing210044 China Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing210044 China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing210044 China

Among existing watermarking methods for data integrity protection in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the problem of packet loss has not been considered. Most of methods treat packet loss as anomaly attacks, hardly being used in real network. The paper proposes a packet loss tolerated method for data integrity protection in wireless sensor networks based on double-level watermarking and threshold control. Sensory data collected by nodes generate digital watermarking for integrity detection. Watermarking will be stored in sensory data. The network will have watermarking verification and packet loss rate analysis in the sink to ensure data integrity. Through the experiment in real sensor network, this method can effectively protect data integrity with low power. © 2016 SERSC.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks

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2C-CTP: A centralized clustering data collection protocol based on CTP

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International Journal of Smart Home 2016年第9期10卷 179-196页

作者： Xu, Lingyun Li, Tao Wang, Baowei Sun, Xingming You, Xingang Zhu, Yanhua Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China College of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China Beijing Institute of Electronic Technology Application Beijing100091 China College of Languages and Cultures Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China

WSN (wireless sensor network) is widely applied in environmental monitoring, assets tracking, battlefield monitoring and smart building. Since nodes in WSN are constrained by finite battery power and operational capability, it will have the direct effects on the lifetime of whole network. Well-designed routing protocols could make network succinct and efficient. In order to prolong the overall lifetime of WSN, lots of clustering algorithms have been proposed. Most of them are based on LEACH and proved energy-efficient, but few are implemented in real systems. CTP (collection tree protocol) has been extensively used in many systems and provides a reliable protocol for data collection. However, it neither considers energetic balance nor follows clustering feature. In this paper, we propose an efficient routing protocol by improving the CTP, adding clustering and centrally controlled features. Furthermore, we introduce a lightweight method of command distribution and some implementation technologies of clustering based on CTP. The related experiments that carried on TelosB demonstrate that our scheme is outstanding in lifetime and efficiency.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks

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Coverless image steganography without embedding 1st

Coverless image steganography without embedding

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1st International Conference on Cloud Computing and Security, ICCCS 2015

作者： Zhou, Zhili Sun, Huiyu Harit, Rohan Chen, Xianyi Sun, Xingming School of Computer and Software Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China Department of Computer Science New York University New YorkNY10012 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783319270500

The traditional image steganography technologies designate a cover image and embed secret data into it to form the stego-image. However, the modification traces caused by the embedding will be left in the cover image, which makes successful steganalysis possible. To fundamentally address this issue, this paper proposes a novel image steganography framework, called as coverless image steganography, which does not need to employ the designated cover image for embedding the secret data. In this framework, a series of appropriate original images which already contain the secret data are directly chosen from a constructed database, and these original images can be regarded as the stego-images. Firstly, a number of images are collected to construct the database, and these images are indexed according to their hash sequence generated by a robust hashing algorithm. Then, the secret data is transformed to a bit string and divided into a number of segments. To implement the information hiding, the images of which the hash sequences are the same as the segments are chosen from the database as the stego-images. Experimental results show that the proposed coverless image steganography framework can resist the existing steganalysis tools, and have desirable robustness to the typical image attacks such as rescaling, luminance change, and noise adding. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.

关键词： Digital forensics

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Security system construction of land and resources network based on intrusion detection 8

Security system construction of land and resources network b...

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8th International Conference on BioMedical engineering and Informatics, BMEI 2015

作者： Shen, Chao Chen, Zhongyang Xue, Yu Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology NUIST Nanjing China School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology NUIST Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509000227

Intrusion detection can decide whether there are dangerous user behaviors. It can also timely detect network security vulnerabilities of inner attacks, and it can make quick response and improve network security. Therefore, it is necessary to research about the intrusion detection in land and resources information systems. For the security status of land and resources network, we place the security architecture platform and select different types of attacks to test the systems. The test results verify the stability, reliability and scalability of the systems, achieving the needed results. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Intrusion detection

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