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A label-guided contrastive capsule network for few-shot text classification

Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-26页

作者： Xu, Yang Xu, Xiaolong Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Security Intelligent Processing Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210023 China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210023 China

Few-shot text classification involves transferring knowledge from a limited dataset to perform classification tasks in unseen domains. Existing metric-based meta-learning models, such as prototypical networks, have shown to be effective. However, these models fail to separate embeddings of similar classes, resulting in performance stagnation. Meanwhile, traditional text classification recently has succeeded with the support of extensive prior knowledge from large language models. However, in few-shot scenarios, it is challenging to generate discriminative sentence embeddings using pre-trained models, often leading to overfitting issues. Furthermore, random support set sampling adversely affects prototype quality, resulting in inaccurate category representations. In this paper, we propose the label-guided contrastive capsule network (LGCCN) to address these issues. LGCCN introduces label information as external knowledge for each category, comprising a label-guided contrastive clustering module (LGCCM) and a label-guided prototype enhancement module (LGPEM). LGCCM employs label information to guide a contrastive clustering process, using labels as anchors to enhance the process, yielding discriminative sentence embeddings from the pre-trained model. LGPEM iteratively generates a robust prototype with label guidance, significantly reducing the impact of random support set sampling. The proposed LGCCN was thoroughly evaluated on seven benchmark datasets from diverse application domains. Experimental results demonstrate that LGCCN outperforms the state-of-the-art (SOTA) method by 9.7% in 1-shot tasks and 1.1% in 5-shot tasks on news datasets. Additionally, on intent recognition datasets, LGCCN surpasses the SOTA with a 3.3% improvement in 1-shot tasks and a 1.4% improvement in 5-shot tasks, highlighting its superior performance in few-shot text classification. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Unsigned Road Incidents Detection Using Improved RESNET From Driver-View Images

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年第5期6卷 1203-1216页

作者： Li, Changping Wang, Bingshu Zheng, Jiangbin Zhang, Yongjun Chen, C.L. Philip Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Software Xi’an710129 China Shenzhen University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security Shenzhen518060 China Guizhou University State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guiyang550025 China South China University of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Guangzhou510641 China

Frequent road incidents cause significant physical harm and economic losses globally. The key to ensuring road safety lies in accurately perceiving surrounding road incidents. However, the highly dynamic nature of traffic introduces significant challenges, particularly in detecting sudden and temporary incidents. In this article, we propose a novel detection framework, multihead attention ResNet with dynamic bottleneck (DB_RESNET_MHA), to identify physical unsigned road incidents. Our approach introduces three key innovations. First, we develop a tailored data augmentation strategy to create images that closely mimic the complex variations found in real-world road environments. Second, we enhance model expressiveness by employing attention mechanisms to nonlinearly integrate convolutional kernels within the residual network. Furthermore, we refine the prediction head by applying spatially distinct attention weights, enabling the model to capture intricate correlations between different features more effectively. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we create a dataset for unsigned road incidents (UnsignRI), comprising a total of 16 323 images that capture 12 distinct types of incidents. It stands out as the most comprehensive dataset in the field, encompassing a wide range of geographical features and incident categories. Experimental results show that DB_RESNET_MHA achieves an average accuracy of 96.2% and a f1-score of 0.955 across various categories of unsigned incidents, surpassing other models. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Highway accidents

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An Adaptive DoH Encrypted Tunnel Detection Method Based on Contrastive Learning

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Tong, Jiacheng Zhao, Yilin Jin, Chongju Chen, Wei Zhang, Yiting Wu, Lifa Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Computer Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Security and Intelligent Processing Nanjing210003 China

The percentage of encrypted network traffic has constantly increased as network security has been continuously improved. Attackers can, however, utilize encrypted DNS over HTTPS (DoH) to conceal their malicious traffic, which makes it more difficult to identify malicious tunnels. To address this issue, we first examine the encryption features of DoH tunnel traffic. Due to the incapability of current detection techniques to properly fuse traffic attributes, a fusion learning-based method is proposed to detect DoH encrypted tunnel traffic. At the same time, we discover that the DoH traffic samples may exhibit concept drift. As a result, we present a concept drift detection approach based on a contrastive sparse autoencoder. In addition to the above method, a model retraining strategy is also suggested to improve the model’s capacity to identify new DoH encrypted tunnel traffic while reducing its reliance on expert label data. This strategy involves incrementally training the model using as few samples as possible. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly enhance detection performance. When 7% of drift samples are used during incremental training, the detection accuracy of the model recovers from 74.02% to 99.96%. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Exploring the Robustness: Hierarchical Federated Learning Framework for Object Detection of UAV Cluster

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年

作者： Li, Xingyu Zhang, Wenzhe Liu, Linfeng Xu, Jia Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing210023 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Security and Intelligent Processing Nanjing210023 China

The deployment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) cluster is an available solution for object detection missions. In the harsh environment, UAV cluster could suffer from some significant threats (e.g., forest fire hazards, electromagnetic interference, and ground-to-air attacks), which could lead to the destruction of UAVs and loss of data. To this end, we propose a Hierarchical Federated Learning Framework for Object Detection (HFL-OD) to enhance the robustness of UAV cluster conducting object detection missions. In HFL-OD, UAVs are grouped through a Three-Dimensional (3D) graph coloring method, and an intragroup backup mechanism is provided to prevent the data loss caused by the destruction of UAVs. Besides, a dynamic server selection mechanism deals with the potential destruction of servers (cluster server and group servers) by adaptively reassigning the server roles. To further improve the robustness and mission efficiency of UAV cluster, a twotier federated learning framework is introduced to make a proper trade-off between object detection accuracy and communication/computational overhead. This framework is built on the concept of hierarchical federated learning by implementing both intragroup parameter aggregation and global parameter aggregation. Extensive simulations and comparisons demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed HFL-OD, i.e., the robustness of UAV cluster conducting object detection missions can be significantly improved, and the communication/computational overhead is effectively reduced. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Fire hazards

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EDSep: An Effective Diffusion-Based Method for Speech Source Separation

EDSep: An Effective Diffusion-Based Method for Speech Source...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Dong, Jinwei Wang, Xinsheng Mao, Qirong School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Jiangsu University China Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Big Data Ubiquitous Perception and Intelligent Agriculture Applications China Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and New Technologies in Low-Altitude Digital Agriculture Zhenjiang China Audio Speech and Language Processing Group School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

Generative models have attracted considerable attention for speech separation tasks, and among these, diffusion-based methods are being explored. Despite the notable success of diffusion techniques in generation tasks, their adaptation to speech separation has encountered challenges, notably slow convergence and suboptimal separation outcomes. To address these issues and enhance the efficacy of diffusion-based speech separation, we introduce EDSep, a novel single-channel method grounded in score matching via stochastic differential equation (SDE). This method enhances generative modeling for speech source separation by optimizing training and sampling efficiency. Specifically, a novel denoiser function is proposed to approximate data distributions, which obtains ideal denoiser outputs. Additionally, a stochastic sampler is carefully designed to resolve the reverse SDE during the sampling process, gradually separating speech from mixtures. Extensive experiments on databases such as WSJ0-2mix, LRS2-2mix, and VoxCeleb2-2mix demonstrate our proposed method's superior performance over existing diffusion and discriminative models, validating its efficacy. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： diffusion score matching speech separation stochastic differential equation

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DBSSL: A Scheme to Detect Backdoor Attacks in Self-Supervised Learning Models

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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2025年

作者： Huang, Yuxian Yang, Geng Yuan, Dong Yu, Shui Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunication College of Computer Science and Software China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Security and Intelligent Processing China University of Sydney School of Electrical and Information Engineering Australia University of Technology Sydney School of Computer Science Australia

Recently, self-supervised learning has garnered significant attention for its ability to extract high-quality features from unlabeled data. However, existing research indicates that backdoor attacks can pose significant threats to self-supervised learning. Additionally, due to the substantial training overhead, traditional backdoor detection methods in supervised learning, such as meta-learning, are not well-suited for self-supervised learning. Current backdoor detection methods for self-supervised learning can only defend against backdoor attacks triggered by patch. To address this challenge, we proposes DBSSL, a scheme that can efficiently detect backdoor attacks in self-supervised learning models. In DBSSL, we connect backdoor attacks with adversarial attacks and use adversarial perturbations for detection. Specifically, we first conduct targeted adversarial attacks on the samples, classifying them into different classes. Then, we employ the Z-Score method to analyze these adversarial perturbations. If outliers are present, we can infer that the self-supervised learning model has been backdoored. Unlike previous works, our scheme is better suited for downstream users with constrained computation resources and exhibits excellent detection capabilities for backdoor attacks caused by patch -type or global triggers. Abundant theoretical analysis has demonstrated the feasibility of our scheme. Moreover, extensive experiments show that our method performs well in detecting prevalent backdoor attacks in self-supervised learning, achieving detection accuracy exceeding 95%. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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SAug: Structural Imbalance Aware Augmentation for Graph Neural Networks

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ACM Transactions on intelligent Systems and Technology 2025年第2期16卷

作者： Chen, Ke-Jia Mu, Wenhui Liu, Zulong Liu, Zheng Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Security and Intelligent Processing Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing China School of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing China School of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing China State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China

Graph machine learning (GML) has made great progress in node classification, link prediction, graph classification, and so on. However, graphs in reality are often structurally imbalanced, that is, only a few hub nodes have a denser local structure and higher influence. The imbalance may compromise the robustness of existing GML models, especially in learning tail nodes. This article proposes a selective graph augmentation method to solve this problem. Firstly, a Pagerank-based sampling strategy is designed to identify hub nodes and tail nodes in the graph. Secondly, a selective augmentation strategy is proposed, which drops the noise neighbors of hub nodes on one side, and discovers the latent neighbors and generates pseudo neighbors for tail nodes on the other side. Also, it can alleviate the structural imbalance between two types of nodes. Finally, a GNN model is retrained on the augmented graph. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly improve the backbone GNNs and achieve superior performance to its competitors of graph augmentation methods and hub/tail aware methods. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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A comprehensive survey on shadow removal from document images: datasets, methods, and opportunities

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Vicinagearth 2025年第1期2卷 1-18页

作者： Wang, Bingshu Li, Changping Zou, Wenbin Zhang, Yongjun Chen, Xuhang Chen, C.L. Philip School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing College of Electronics and Information Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Yongjun Zhang is with the State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou University Guiyang China School of Computer Science and Engineering Huizhou University Huizhou China School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology and Pazhou Lab Guangzhou China

With the rapid development of document digitization, people have become accustomed to capturing and processing documents using electronic devices such as smartphones. However, the captured document images often suffer from issues like shadows and noise due to environmental factors, which can affect their readability. To improve the quality of captured document images, researchers have proposed a series of models or frameworks and applied them in distinct scenarios such as image enhancement, and document information extraction. In this paper, we primarily focus on shadow removal methods and open-source datasets. We concentrate on recent advancements in this area, first organizing and analyzing nine available datasets. Then, the methods are categorized into conventional methods and neural network-based methods. Conventional methods use manually designed features and include shadow map-based approaches and illumination-based approaches. Neural network-based methods automatically generate features from data and are divided into single-stage approaches and multi-stage approaches. We detail representative algorithms and briefly describe some typical techniques. Finally, we analyze and discuss experimental results, identifying the limitations of datasets and methods. Future research directions are discussed, and nine suggestions for shadow removal from document images are proposed. To our knowledge, this is the first survey of shadow removal methods and related datasets from document images.

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FDSR-INT: A Flexible On-Demand In-Band Telemetry Approach for Aerial Computing Networks

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Xu, Jinghan Xu, Xiaolong Zhao, Juan Gao, Honghao Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Computer Science Nanjing210023 China Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Security and Intelligent Processing The School of Computer Science Nanjing210023 China Jinling Institute of Technology School of Computer Science Nanjing211169 China Shanghai University School of Computer Engineering and Science Shanghai200444 China Gachon University College of Future Industry Gyeonggi-Do 461-701 Korea Republic of

In-band network telemetry (INT) is a new network measurement technique that provides real-time, fine-grained packet-level network measurements. However, standard INT lacks the flexibility to perform configurable on-demand network measurements. In this work, we propose a flexible on-demand network measurement mechanism (FDSR-INT) based on a dual bitmap by combining the programmability of segment routing based on IPv6 (SRv6) and the telemetry efficiency of the INT to achieve customizable network measurements. By designing the dual bitmap, the telemetry information of personalized probe nodes is supported, and the telemetry efficiency is improved. SRv6 is employed to direct measurement probe packets, ensuring coverage of a specified set of network targets. Its inherent programmability enables INT to conduct customized per-hop network measurements. The designed flexible INT field structure, which appends traceability information along with telemetry information, reduces the information traceability overhead in the control plane and improves the network compatibility of the mechanism. We solve the optimal probing path by solving a traveler problem in an auxiliary graph and design a greedy pathcutting algorithm to maximize the number of nodes for single packet probing while satisfying the packet length constraints to improve the success rate of the probing task. Finally, we implemented FDSR-INT using P4 and verified its performance experimentally in the constructed *** integrated simulation dynamic environment. FDSR-INT saves 30% of the data plane bandwidth and 54% of the data plane bandwidth on *** interfaces compared with SONM-SR-INT, etc. Furthermore, it has low control plane processing overhead and probe path transmission overhead. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Bandwidth

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Constructing Three-way Decision with Fuzzy Granular-ball Rough Sets Based on Uncertainty Invariance

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IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 2025年

作者： Yang, Jie Liu, Zhuangzhuang Wang, Guoyin Zhang, Qinghua Xia, Shuyin Wu, Di Liu, Yanmin Zunyi Normal University School of Physics and Electronic Science Zunyi563002 China Jiangsu University of Science and Technology School of Computer Zhenjiang212100 China Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Big Data Intelligent Security Ministry of Education Chongqing400065 China Zunyi Normal University School of Mathematics Zunyi563002 China

Granular-ball computing (GBC) proposed by Xia adaptively generates a different neighborhood for each object, resulting in greater generality and flexibility. Moreover, GBC greatly improves the efficiency by replacing point input with granular-ball. However, the current GB-based classifiers rigidly assign a specific class label to each data instance and lacks of the necessary strategies to address uncertain instances. These far-fetched certain classification approachs toward uncertain instances may suffer considerable risks. In this paper, we introduce three-way decision (3WD) into GBC to construct a novel three-way decision with fuzzy granular-ball rough sets (3WD-FGBRS) from the perspective of uncertainty. This helps to construct reasonable multi-granularity spaces for handling complex decision problems with uncertainty. Firstly, 3WD-FGBRS is constructed in a data-driven method based on fuzziness, which avoids the subjective definition of certain risk parameters when calculating the threshold pairs. Based on 3WD-FGBRS, we further propose a sequential three-way decision with fuzzy granular-ball rough sets (S3WD-FGBRS) and analyze the fuzziness loss of multilevel decision result in S3WD-FGBRS. Then, the optimal granular-ball space selection mechanism of S3WD-FGBRS is introduced by combining fuzziness and granular-ball space distance. Finally, extensive comparative experiments are conducted with 3 state-of-the-art GB-based classifiers and 3 classical machine learning classifiers on 12 public benchmark datasets. The results show that our models almost outperform other comparison methods in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and robustness. © 1993-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Granular computing

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