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Gupacker: Generalized Unpacking Framework for Android Malware

IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 2025年 20卷 4338-4352页

作者： Zheng, Tao Hou, Qiyu Chen, Xingshu Ren, Hao Li, Meng Li, Hongwei Shen, Changxiang Sichuan University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Chengdu610065 China Sichuan University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Cyber Science Research Institute Key Laboratory of Data Protection and Intelligent Management Ministry of Education Chengdu610065 China Hefei University of Technology Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data Ministry of Education Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui Province School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei230002 China University of Padua Department of Mathematics HIT Center Padua35131 Italy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Chengdu611731 China Sichuan University Cyber Science Research Institute Key Laboratory of Data Protection and Intelligent Management Ministry of Education Chengdu610065 China

Android malware authors often use packers to evade analysis. Although many unpacking tools have been proposed, they face two significant challenges: 1) They are easily impeded by anti-analysis techniques employed by packers, preventing efficient collection of hidden Dex data. 2) They are typically designed to unpack a specific packer and cannot handle malware packed with mixed packers. Consequently, many packed malware samples evade detection. To bridge this gap, we propose Gupacker , a novel generalized unpacking framework. Gupacker offers a generic solution for first-generation holistic packer by customizing the Android system source code. It identifies the type of packer and selects an appropriate unpacking function, constructs a deeper active call chain to achieve generic unpacking of second-generation function extraction packers, and uses JNI function and instruction monitoring to handle third-generation virtual obfuscation packer. On this basis, we counteract a diverse array of anti-analysis techniques. We conduct extensive experiments on 5K packed Android malware samples, comparing Gupacker with 2 commercial and 4 state-of-the-art academic unpacking tools. The results demonstrate that Gupacker significantly improves the efficiency of Android malware unpacking with acceptable system overhead. We analyze real packed applications based on Gupacker and found several are second-packed by attackers, including WPS for Android, with tens of millions of users. We receive and responsibly report 13 0day vulnerabilities and also assist in the remediation of all vulnerabilities. © 2005-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Android malware

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Two efficient beamforming methods for hybrid IRS-aided AF relay wireless networks

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 363-379页

作者： Xuehui WANG Qingbo LI Wen ZHU Feng SHU Mengxing HUANG Fuhui ZHOU Riqing CHEN Cunhua PAN Yongpeng WU Jiangzhou WANG School of Mathematics and Statistics Hainan Normal University Key Laboratory of Data Science and Smart Education Ministry of Education Hainan Normal University School of Information and Communication Engineering Hainan University Collaborative Innovation Center of Information Technology Hainan University School of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology College of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Digital Fujian Institute of Big Data for Agriculture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Shanghai Key Laboratory of Navigation and Location Based Services Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Engineering University of Kent

Owing to its ability to mitigate the double-fading effect by amplifying the reflected signal, the active intelligent reflecting surface(IRS) has garnered significant attention. In this paper, an amplify-and-forward(AF) relay network assisted by a hybrid IRS consisting of both passive and active units is developed. A signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) maximization problem is formulated, where the AF relay beamforming matrix and the hybrid IRS reflecting coefficient matrices for two-time slots need to be optimized. To address the SNR maximization problem, this paper proposes both a high-performance(HP) method and a low-complexity(LC) method. The HP method is based on the semidefinite relaxation and fractional programming(SDR-FP)algorithm, with rank-1 solutions obtained through Gaussian randomization. For the LC method, the amplification coefficient of each active IRS element is assumed to be equal. The SNR maximization problem is then addressed using the whitening filter,generalized power iteration, and generalized Rayleigh-Ritz(WF-GPI-GRR) approach. Simulation results show that compared with the benchmarks, such as the passive IRS-aided AF relay network, the proposed HP-SDR-FP and WF-GPI-GRR methods achieve significant rate improvements. In particular, the HP-SDR-FP and WF-GPI-GRR methods yield more than a 135.0%rate gain when the transmit power Ps of the source is 10 dBm. Furthermore, the proposed HP-SDR-FP method outperforms the WF-GPI-GRR method in terms of rate performance.

关键词： double-fading intelligent reflecting surface active elements passive elements hybrid IRS AF relay

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An Evolutionary Multitasking Algorithm for Efficient Multiobjective Recommendations

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年第3期6卷 518-532页

作者： Tian, Ye Ji, Luke Hu, Yiwei Ma, Haiping Wu, Le Zhang, Xingyi Anhui University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Technology Hefei230601 China Anhui University Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Hefei230601 China Hefei University of Technology Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data Hefei230029 China

Represented by evolutionary algorithms and swarm intelligence algorithms, nature-inspired metaheuristics have been successfully applied to recommender systems and amply demonstrated effectiveness, in particular, for multiobjective recommendation. Owing to the population-based search paradigm, these algorithms can produce a number of recommendation lists, making diverse tradeoffs between multiple metrics and meeting the requirements of accuracy, novelty, diversity, and other user preferences. However, these algorithms are criticized for the low efficiency of the optimization process, especially when the number of users is large. To address this issue, this article proposes an evolutionary multitasking-based recommendation method, where each task corresponds to a user and all the tasks are optimized simultaneously, thus highly improving the efficiency of recommendation. To enhance the convergence speed, all the users are divided into multiple populations according to the similarity between their preferences, where each population evolves with internal knowledge transfer between users, and all the populations evolve with external knowledge transfer between populations. Experimental results on various datasets verify that the proposed method can better balance between multiple metrics than classical and deep neural network-based recommendation methods and exhibits significantly higher efficiency than evolutionary multiobjective optimization-based recommendation methods. © 2024 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multiobjective optimization

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A numerical magnitude aware multi-channel hierarchical encoding network for math word problem solving

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第3期37卷 1651-1672页

作者： Xu, Junjie Chen, Yuzhong Xiao, Lingsheng Liao, Hongmiao Zhong, Jiayuan Dong, Chen College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fujian Province Fuzhou350108 China Engineering Research Center of Big Data Intelligence Ministry of Education Fuzhou China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fujian Province Fuzhou350108 China

Math word problem (MWP) represents a critical research area within reading comprehension, where accurate comprehension of math problem text is crucial for generating math expressions. However, current approaches still grapple with unresolved challenges in grasping the sensitivity of math problem text and delineating distinct roles across various clause types, and enhancing numerical representation. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a Numerical Magnitude Aware Multi-Channel Hierarchical Encoding Network (NMA-MHEA) for math expression generation. Firstly, NMA-MHEA implements a multi-channel hierarchical context encoding module to learn context representations at three different channels: intra-clause channel, inter-clause channel, and context-question interaction channel. NMA-MHEA constructs hierarchical constituent-dependency graphs for different levels of sentences and employs a Hierarchical Graph Attention Neural Network (HGAT) to learn syntactic and semantic information within these graphs at the intra-clause and inter-clause channels. NMA-MHEA then refines context clauses using question information at the context-question interaction channel. Secondly, NMA-MHEA designs a number encoding module to enhance the relative magnitude information among numerical values and type information of numerical values. Experimental results on two public benchmark datasets demonstrate that NMA-MHEA outperforms other state-of-the-art models. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Semantics

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Improved quantum image weighted average filtering algorithm

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Quantum Information Processing 2025年第5期24卷 1-24页

作者： Yuan, Suzhen Li, Xianli Yinxia, Shu Qing, Xianrong Deng, Jermiah D. College of Opto Electronic Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing Chongqing400065 China School of Computing University of Otago Dunedin Dunedin9054 New Zealand School of Computer Science and Technology Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing Chongqing400065 China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Computing Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Big Data Intelligent Security Ministry of Education Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing Chongqing400065 China

Average filtering plays a vital role in image smoothing tasks. However, existing quantum image weighted average filtering methods suffer from high circuit complexity. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved quantum color image weighted average filtering algorithm and its corresponding quantum circuit. First, we improve the quantum circuit to prepare classical color images into a quantum state. Then, an improved quantum divider is developed, and a weighted average filter is constructed using basic quantum image processing modules. Next, to enhance the universality of the filter, a quantum comparator with lower circuit complexity is used to design a noise detection module for distinguishing noise from real signals. Finally, a quantum circuit for color image weighted average filtering is designed, and simulations are conducted on the IBM Quantum Experience (IBM Q) platform to verify the feasibility of our algorithm. The analysis shows that compared with existing methods, this method significantly reduces the circuit complexity and has better filtering performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Early Warning Thresholds for Microalgal Blooms and Environmental Drivers of Substrate Microalgae Recovery in Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture

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Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 2025年第6期236卷 1-16页

作者： Ma, Weixing Shi, Yuanyuan Ma, Ni Liu, Gaojian Gao, Yuxin Ma, Jiaru Yi, Zhaohui Yang, Min Li, Zhaoxia College of Environmental Science & Engineering Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province Yancheng Institute of Technology Jiangsu Province Yancheng224051 China School of Marine and Biological Engineering Yancheng Institute of Technology Jiangsu Province Yancheng224051 China Jiangsu YIDA TestingTechnology Co. Ltd. Building A- 15 Big Data Industrial Park Chengnan New District Jiangsu Province Yancheng224051 China Shenzhen518055 China

In response to the global demand for high-quality protein, Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture has rapidly expanded. However, microalgal blooms often degrade water quality, resulting in reduced yields and significant financial losses. This study investigated the recovery dynamics of substrate microalgae, which act as seed banks for microalgal blooms, and identified early warning thresholds for algae under varying environmental conditions. Sediments from bfIGuccess (BS) and breeding failure (BF) sheds were analyzed to evaluate the effects of temperature (6 °C–21 °C), light intensity (50–2,000 lx), and nutrient types (BG11 and raw water). The findings indicated that environmental factors influencing microalgal recovery followed the priority order: temperature > light > nutrient salts. The highest recovery was observed at temperatures of 11 °C and 16 °C under 2,000 lx illumination. key early warning algal species, including Melosira granulata, Cyclotella, and Chlorella, exhibited thresholds of 0.9–42.9 × 104 cells/g, 0.1–28.8 × 104 cells/g, and 1.0–31.7 × 104 cells/g, respectively. This study uniquely linked substrate algae recovery to aquaculture failures, providing quantitative thresholds and actionable insights for proactive microalgal blooms monitoring and control. These findings form a scientific basis for improving water quality management and ensuring sustainable L. vannamei aquaculture © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Aquaculture

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Enhancing resilience in single-parent family adolescents in China: a randomized controlled trial based on home-school collaborative intervention

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BMC Public Health 2025年第1期25.0卷 1-13页

作者： Dai, Binrong He, Yujie Peng, Mei School of Education Science Jiangsu Province Key Construction Laboratory of Big Data for Psychology and Cognitive Science Yancheng Teachers University Jiangsu Yancheng 224002 China Xi’an Qujiang Kang Chiao School Shaanxi Xi’an 710061 China School of Mental Health Wenzhou Medical University Zhejiang Wenzhou 325035 China

Background: It remains unknown whether home-school collaborative strategies can improve the resilience of adolescents and children from single-parent families in China. Objectives: This study addresses the gap in resilience interventions for single-parent family students by validating a 7-week home-school collaborative intervention strategy. Methods: The participants were 89 primary and secondary school children from China, randomly assigned to either the experimental group (20 single-parent and 27 non-single-parent students) or the control group (20 single-parent and 22 non-single-parent students). Both groups used the Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale to report their resilience levels during the pre-test and post-test phases. Single-parent family parents also reported their collaborative participation using a behavior checklist. Results: The experimental group exhibited higher resilience gain scores compared to the control group. The intervention effects in the experimental group remained stable for one month after the intervention ended. Additionally, the intervention at the school level fostered greater collaborative involvement from single-parent families, particularly in terms of family support participation. Conclusions: The Home-school collaborative intervention strategy is a valuable measure for enhancing the resilience of students from single-parent families and has the potential for application within both family and school contexts. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Home-school collaboration Randomized controlled trial Resilience interventions Single-parent family

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Network intrusion detection based on feature fusion of attack dimension

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Journal of Supercomputing 2025年第6期81卷 1-33页

作者： Sun, Xiaolong Gu, Zhengyao Zhang, Hao Gu, Jason Liu, Yanhua Dong, Chen Ye, Junwei College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou350116 China Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou University Fuzhou350116 China Engineering Research Center of Big Data Intelligence Chinese Ministry of Education Fuzhou350116 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dalhousie University HalifaxNSB3J 1Z1 Canada

Network traffic anomaly detection involves the rapid identification of intrusions within a network through the detection, analysis, and classification of network traffic data. The variety of cyberattacks encompasses diverse attack principles. Employing an indiscriminate feature selection strategy may lead to the neglect of key features highly correlated with specific attack types. This oversight could diminish the recognition rate for that category, thereby impacting the overall performance of the detection model. To address this issue, this paper proposes a network traffic anomaly detection model based on the fusion of attack-dimensional features. Firstly, construct binary classification datasets independently for each attack class and perform individual feature selection to extract positively correlated features for each class. The features are then fused by employing a combination methods. Subsequently, based on the fused sub-datasets, base classifiers are trained. Finally, an ensemble learning approach is introduced to integrate the predictions of individual classifiers, enhancing the robustness of the model. The proposed approach, validated on NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 benchmark datasets, outperforms the latest methods in the field by achieving a 2% and 7% increase in precision on weighted averages. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Feature Selection

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key Clues Guided Video Character Social Relationship Recognition Enhanced by LLM

Key Clues Guided Video Character Social Relationship Recogni...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Dong, Wenlong Zhu, Qing Mao, Qirong School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Jiangsu University China Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Big Data Ubiquitous Perception and Intelligent Agriculture Applications Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and New Technologies in Low-Altitude Digital Agriculture Zhenjiang China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

Video Character Social Relationship Recognition (VCSRR) requires a comprehensive consideration about spatio-temporal and multi-modal clues in videos. Most existing methods mainly focus on integrating multi-modal clues and modeling interactions among characters. However, they fail to discover key clues in the complex video data or fully understand the clues related to social relationships. In this article, we propose a novel Large Language Model Enhanced key Clues Selection (LEKCS) framework to address the aforementioned issues. The core of LE-KCS is to mine multi-scale key clues from the perspectives of time, space and multi-modality, then transfer the knowledge about social relationships of the Large Language Model to VCSRR for understanding the selected clues. We evaluated LEKCS on the MovieGraphs dataset and the experimental results indicate that our proposed LE-KCS achieves state-of-the-art performance. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： large language model Social relationship recognition video understanding

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Solidification modes and delta-ferrite of two types of 316L stainless steels:a combination of as-cast microstructure and HT-CLSM research

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2025年第2期32卷 426-436页

作者： Yang Wang Chao Chen Xiao-yu Yang Zheng-rui Zhang Jian Wang Zhou Li Lei Chen Wang-zhong Mu College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024ShanxiChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm 10044Sweden College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Medical Sciences Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan 250117ShandongChina College of Mechanical Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024ShanxiChina Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials(Ministry of Education) Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina

In 316L austenitic stainless steel,the presence of ferrite phase severely affects the non-magnetic properties.316L austenitic stainless steel with low-alloy type(L-316L)and high-alloy type(H-316L)has been *** microstructure and solidification kinetics of the two as-cast grades were in situ observed by high temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy(HT-CLSM).There are significant differences in the as-cast microstructures of the two 316L stainless steel *** L-316L steel,ferrite morphology appears as the short rods with a ferrite content of 6.98%,forming a dual-phase microstructure consisting of austenite and ***,in H-316L steel,the ferrite appears as discontinuous network structures with a content of 4.41%,forming a microstructure composed of austenite and sigma(σ)*** alloying elements in H-316L steel exhibit a complex distribution,with Ni and Mo enriching at the austenite grain ***-CLSM experiments provide the real-time observation of the solidification processes of both 316L specimens and reveal distinct solidification modes:L-316L steel solidifies in an FA mode,whereas H-316L steel solidifies in an AF *** differences result in ferrite and austenite predominantly serving as the nucleation and growth phases,*** solidification mode observed by experiments is similar to the thermodynamic calculation *** L-316L steel solidified in the FA mode and showed minimal element segregation,which lead to a direct transformation of ferrite to austenite phase(δ→γ)during phase transformation after ***,the H-316L steel solidified in the AF mode and showed severe element segregation,which lead to Mo enrichment at grain boundaries and transformation of ferrite into sigma and austenite phases through the eutectoid reaction(δ→σ+γ).

关键词： 316L austenitic stainless steel As-cast microstructure High-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy Solidification mode Ferrite Characterization

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